Table D.4.5
Sources of funds for expenditures on research and development (R&D) in the higher education sector,1 in dollars and as a percentage of total funding, Canada and provinces, 2000 and 2003 to 2007

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  2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
millions of current dollars percentage of total millions of current dollars percentage of total millions of current dollars percentage of total millions of current dollars percentage of total millions of current dollars percentage of total millions of current dollars percentage of total
Canada, total   5,793 100 8,143 100 9,058 100 9,518 100 9,625r 100 10,187 100
Business enterprise 553 10 679 8 755 8 803 8 808 8 870 9
Federal government 1,293 22 2,182 27 2,337 26 2,542 27 2,488 26 2,720 27
Provincial governments 587 10 1,018 13 1,039 11 973 10 993 10 1,034 10
Private non-profit 418 7 599 7 685 8 742 8 776 8 890 9
Foreign sources 50 1 76 1 96 1 116 1 126 1 99 1
Higher education 2,892 50 3,589 44 4,147 46 4,341 46 4,434r 46 4,574 45
From own revenue sources 1,285 22 1,707 21 1,888 21 2,043r 21 2,084 22 1,921 19
From general university funds2 1,607 28 1,883 23 2,259 25 2,298r 25 2,350 24 2,653 26
Newfoundland and Labrador, total 83 100 114 100 116 100 149r 100 132 100 140 100
Business enterprise 7 8 10 9 16 14 23 16 15 11 12 9
Federal government 23 28 36 32 35 30 45 30 40 30 46 33
Provincial government 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2r 2 6 4
Private non-profit 1 2 4 4 2 2 2 1 3 2 5 4
Foreign sources 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 4 3 1 1
Higher education 50 60 63 55 61 52 76 51 68 51 71 51
Prince Edward Island, total 16 100 25 100 24 100 27 100 31 100 34 100
Business enterprise 1 4 0s 0 1 4 0s 4 1 2 1 3
Federal government 3 17 7 28 8 33 9 33 9 29 12 35
Provincial government 1 4 1r 0 0s 2 0s 0 2 5 2 6
Private non-profit 1 6 2 8 1 4 1 4 2 6 0 0
Foreign sources . . . . . . . . . . . .
Higher education 11 68 17 68 15 63 16 59 18 58 19 56
Nova Scotia, total 200 100 259 100 266 100 297r 100 317 100 327 100
Business enterprise 20 10 21 8 23 9 31 10 35 11 39 12
Federal government 40 20 60 23 73 27 80 27 82 26 81 25
Provincial government 8 4 7 3 8 3 6 2 5 2 7 2
Private non-profit 11 5 24 9 22 8 22 7 22 7 29 9
Foreign sources 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0s 0s
Higher education 120 60 146 56 141 53 158 53 171 54 170 52
New Brunswick, total 89r 100 118 100 114 100 130 100 135 100 144 100
Business enterprise 4 5 4 3 4 4 5 4 5 4 6 4
Federal government 15 17 30 25 30 26 35 27 34 25 35 24
Provincial government 3r 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 5 4 7 5
Private non-profit 5 5 7 6 5 4 7 5 7 5 9 6
Foreign sources 1 1 0s 0 0s 0 0s 0 0s 0 0s 0s
Higher education 61 69 72 61 70 61 80 62 84 62 87 60
Quebec, total 1,629 100 2,345 100 2,467 100 2,556 100 2,541 100 2,610 100
Business enterprise 145 9 187 8 192 7 227 9 227 9 224 9
Federal government 373 23 646 28 650 26 703 28 678 27 772 30
Provincial government 167 10 333 14 318 13 260 10 229r 9 255 10
Private non-profit 97 6 165 7 160 6 158 6 179 7 185 7
Foreign sources 12 1 16 1 19 1 28 1 28 1 19 1
Higher education 835 51 998 43 1,129 46 1,180 46 1,200 47 1,155 44
Ontario, total  2,317r 100 3,187 100 3,835 100 3,980 100 4,088 100 4,314 100
Business enterprise 250r 11 294 9 394 10 378 9 373 9 432 10
Federal government 505 22 826 26 914 24 997 25 1,003 25 1,093 25
Provincial government 235 10 357 11 391 10 402 10 421r 10 351 8
Private non-profit 204 9 243 8 283 7 342 9 357 9 399 9
Foreign sources 23 1 43 1 62 2 67 2 69 2 56 1
Higher education 1,100 47 1,423 45 1,791 47 1,794r 45 1,864 46 1,983 46
Manitoba, total 189r 100 239 100 260 100 294 100 287 100 302 100
Business enterprise 14r 8 19 8 16 6 19 6 21 7 20 7
Federal government 42 22 62 26 72 28 72 24 70 24 77 25
Provincial government 15r 8 16 7 19 7 15 5 19 7 19 6
Private non-profit 17 9 25 10 29 11 38 13 38 13 37 12
Foreign sources 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 4 1 7 2
Higher education 99 52 114 48 123 47 149 51 136 47 142 47
Saskatchewan, total 228 100 245 100 245 100 218r 100 216r 100 230 100
Business enterprise 10 4 18 7 18 7 13 6 8 4 10 4
Federal government 54 24 64 26 65 27 54 25 53 24 68 30
Provincial government 40 17 30 12 27 11 20 9 29 13 22 10
Private non-profit 8 4 12 5 12 5 14r 7 12 5 13 6
Foreign sources 0s 0 1 0s 0s 0 0s 0 1 0 1 0
Higher education 116 51 121 49 122 50 116r 53 114r 53 117 51
Alberta, total 547r 100 827 100 899 100 962 100 919 100 1,004 100
Business enterprise 50 9 60 7 60 7 63 7 77 8 81 8
Federal government 113 21 221 27 206 23 252 26 223 24 224 22
Provincial government 92 17 182 22 232 26 183r 19 173 19 231 23
Private non-profit 35r 6 44 5 49 5 61 6 57 6 63 6
Foreign sources 3 1 6 1 5 1 7 1 6 1 4 0
Higher education 254 47 314 38 347 39 396 41 383 42 400 40
British Columbia, total 498 100 785 100 832 100 904 100 959 100 1,083 100
Business enterprise 52 10 65 8 32 4 44 5 47 5 46 4
Federal government 126r 25 231 29 284 34 294 33 296 31 313 29
Provincial government 27 5 88 11 39 5 81 9 107 11 134 12
Private non-profit 41 8 72 9 121 15 98 11 99 10 148 14
Foreign sources 7 1 7 1 8 1 10 1 13 1 11 1
Higher education 245r 49 320 41 348 42 377 42 398 41 431 40
.  not available for any reference period
r  revised
0  true zero or a value rounded to zero
0S value rounded to 0 (zero) where there is a meaningful distinction between true zero and the value that was rounded 
1.  The "higher education" sector was labelled "university" in previous editions of PCEIP. Higher education covers postsecondary educational institutions and affiliated teaching and research facilities. This change is part of an initiative to facilitate international comparisons. 
2. General university funds are publicly funded block grants to the higher education sector. 
Notes: 
 Data on general university funds are not available at the provincial level.  
To convert these current dollar data to constant dollar amounts for comparison over time, it is recommended that the gross domestic product (GDP) Implicit Price Index be used for national and provincial-level conversions. For the index and further details on converting, see Table F.1.2.
Since the totals are independently rounded, the total value may not match the sum of the individual values. 
Sources: Statistics Canada. Science Statistics: Estimates of Research and Development Expenditures in the Higher Education Sector, 2007/2008, September 2009, Catalogue no.: 88-001-X, Vol. 33, no. 5; Statistics Canada, Science, Innovation and Electronic Information Division, special tabulation, September 2009. CANSIM 358-0001, December 2009.
Updated  June 15, 2010
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