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Table D.4.5
Sources of funds for university research and development (R&D) expenditures in millions of current dollars and as a percentage of total funding, Canada and provinces, 1991, 1995, 2000, and 2002 to 2006
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| Jurisdiction and source of R&D funds | 1991 | 1995 | 2000 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| millions of dollars | percentage of total | millions of dollars | percentage of total | millions of dollars | percentage of total | millions of dollars | percentage of total | millions of dollars | percentage of total | millions of dollars | percentage of total | millions of dollars | percentage of total | millions of dollars | percentage of total | |
| Canada | 3,289.2 | 100.0 | 3,691.2 | 100.0 | 5793.3 | 100.0 | 7,455.3 | 100.0 | 8,143.0 | 100.0 | 9,058.0 | 100.0 | 9518.2 | 100.0 | 9,624.1 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 229.2 | 7.0 | 296.7 | 8.0 | 553.4 | 9.6 | 643.2 | 8.6 | 679.0 | 8.3 | 755.0 | 8.3 | 803.3 | 8.4 | 808.2 | 8.4 |
| Federal government | 813.3 | 24.7 | 854.8 | 23.2 | 1292.8 | 22.3 | 1,816.7 | 24.4 | 2,182.0 | 26.8 | 2,337.0 | 25.8 | 2542.4 | 26.7 | 2,487.5 | 25.8 |
| Provincial governments | 288.9 | 8.8 | 323.2 | 8.8 | 587.2 | 10.1 | 828.6 | 11.1 | 1,018.0 | 12.5 | 1,039.0 | 11.5 | 973.3 | 10.2 | 992.7 | 10.3 |
| Private non-profit | 215.2 | 6.5 | 265.8 | 7.2 | 418.2 | 7.2 | 604.5 | 8.1 | 599.0 | 7.4 | 685.0 | 7.6 | 742.0 | 7.8 | 775.7 | 8.1 |
| Foreign sources | 11.0 | 0.3 | 24.3 | 0.7 | 49.6 | 0.9 | 100.5 | 1.3 | 76.0 | 0.9 | 96.0 | 1.1 | 116.3 | 1.2 | 125.7 | 1.3 |
| University | 1,731.6 | 52.6 | 1,926.6 | 52.2 | 2892.1 | 49.9 | 3,461.8 | 46.4 | 3,589.3 | 44.1 | 4,146.7 | 45.8 | 4340.9 | 45.6 | 4,434.2 | 46.1 |
| From own revenue sources | 457.1 | 13.9 | 635.1 | 17.2 | 1284.8 | 22.2 | 1,430.9 | 19.2 | 1,706.6 | 21.0 | 1,888.0 | 20.8 | 1976.1 | 20.8 | 2,083.9 | 21.7 |
| From general university funds | 1,274.1 | 38.7 | 1,291.4 | 35.0 | 1607.4 | 27.7 | 2,030.9 | 27.2 | 1,882.7 | 23.1 | 2,258.7 | 24.9 | 2364.1 | 24.8 | 2,350.3 | 24.4 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 57.5 | 100.0 | 58.4 | 100.0 | 83.4 | 100.0 | 94.4 | 100.0 | 114.0 | 100.0 | 116.0 | 100.0 | 148.0 | 100.0 | 132.2 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 1.8 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 8.3 | 9.9 | 10.5 | 10.0 | 8.8 | 16.0 | 13.8 | 23.0 | 15.5 | 14.8 | 11.2 |
| Federal government | 16.5 | 28.7 | 14.9 | 25.5 | 23.3 | 27.9 | 28.8 | 30.5 | 36.0 | 31.6 | 35.0 | 30.2 | 45.0 | 30.4 | 40.3 | 30.5 |
| Provincial government | 1.0 | 1.7 | 3.4 | 5.8 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 1.9 |
| Private non-profit | 4.9 | 8.5 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 2.1 |
| Foreign sources | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 3.9 | 3.0 |
| University | 33.4 | 58.1 | 35.0 | 59.9 | 50.4 | 60.4 | 52.6 | 55.7 | 63.0 | 55.3 | 61.0 | 52.4 | 76.0 | 51.4 | 67.9 | 51.4 |
| Prince Edward Island | 5.1 | 100.0 | 3.7 | 100.0 | 15.7 | 100.0 | 18.7 | 100.0 | 25.0 | 100.0 | 24.0 | 100.0 | 27.0 | 100.0 | 31.2 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 10.8 | 0.6 | 3.8 | 0.5 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 4.2 | 1.0 | 3.7 | 0.7 | 2.2 |
| Federal government | 1.6 | 31.4 | 0.8 | 21.6 | 2.7 | 17.2 | 4.3 | 23.0 | 7.0 | 28.0 | 8.0 | 33.3 | 9.0 | 33.3 | 8.9 | 28.5 |
| Provincial government | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 8.1 | 0.7 | 4.5 | 0.4 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 5.1 |
| Private non-profit | 0.3 | 5.9 | 0.3 | 8.1 | 1.0 | 6.4 | 0.9 | 4.8 | 2.0 | 8.0 | 1.0 | 4.2 | 1.0 | 3.7 | 1.9 | 6.1 |
| Foreign sources | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| University | 3.0 | 58.8 | 1.9 | 51.4 | 10.7 | 68.2 | 12.6 | 67.4 | 17.0 | 68.0 | 15.0 | 62.5 | 16.0 | 59.3 | 18.1 | 58.0 |
| Nova Scotia | 127.4 | 100.0 | 117.0 | 100.0 | 199.9 | 100.0 | 225.5 | 100.0 | 259.0 | 100.0 | 266.0 | 100.0 | 298.0 | 100.0 | 316.6 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 4.9 | 3.8 | 7.8 | 6.7 | 19.8 | 9.9 | 21.0 | 9.3 | 21.0 | 8.1 | 23.0 | 8.6 | 31.0 | 10.4 | 35.3 | 11.1 |
| Federal government | 45.4 | 35.6 | 31.0 | 26.5 | 39.9 | 20.0 | 52.0 | 23.1 | 60.0 | 23.2 | 73.0 | 27.4 | 80.0 | 26.8 | 82.3 | 26.0 |
| Provincial government | 7.0 | 5.5 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 7.8 | 3.9 | 6.9 | 3.1 | 7.0 | 2.7 | 8.0 | 3.0 | 6.0 | 2.0 | 5.3 | 1.7 |
| Private non-profit | 4.1 | 3.2 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 10.5 | 5.3 | 17.5 | 7.8 | 24.0 | 9.3 | 22.0 | 8.3 | 22.0 | 7.4 | 22.0 | 6.9 |
| Foreign sources | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.2 |
| University | 65.9 | 51.7 | 69.5 | 59.4 | 120.2 | 60.1 | 126.7 | 56.2 | 146.0 | 56.4 | 141.0 | 53.0 | 158.0 | 53.0 | 171.0 | 54.0 |
| New Brunswick | 49.7 | 100.0 | 56.2 | 100.0 | 88.2 | 100.0 | 98.9 | 100.0 | 118.0 | 100.0 | 114.0 | 100.0 | 130.0 | 100.0 | 135.0 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 4.2 | 8.5 | 4.4 | 7.8 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 5.0 | 3.7 |
| Federal government | 12.3 | 24.7 | 13.9 | 24.7 | 15.2 | 17.2 | 20.2 | 20.4 | 30.0 | 25.4 | 30.0 | 26.3 | 35.0 | 26.9 | 34.1 | 25.3 |
| Provincial government | 3.3 | 6.6 | 3.7 | 6.6 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 5.1 | 3.8 |
| Private non-profit | 2.0 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 5.5 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 5.9 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 7.0 | 5.4 | 7.0 | 5.2 |
| Foreign sources | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| University | 27.9 | 56.1 | 30.8 | 54.8 | 61.2 | 69.4 | 67.0 | 67.7 | 72.0 | 61.0 | 70.0 | 61.4 | 80.0 | 61.5 | 83.7 | 62.0 |
| Quebec | 1,030.7 | 100.0 | 1,111.5 | 100.0 | 1628.6 | 100.0 | 2,074.3 | 100.0 | 2,345.0 | 100.0 | 2,467.0 | 100.0 | 2556.0 | 100.0 | 2,540.7 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 125.2 | 12.1 | 93.5 | 8.4 | 144.8 | 8.9 | 175.3 | 8.5 | 187.0 | 8.0 | 192.0 | 7.3 | 227.0 | 8.9 | 226.6 | 8.9 |
| Federal government | 210.6 | 20.4 | 228.0 | 20.5 | 372.8 | 22.9 | 528.7 | 25.5 | 646.0 | 27.5 | 650.0 | 26.3 | 703.0 | 27.5 | 678.0 | 26.7 |
| Provincial government | 83.6 | 8.1 | 117.8 | 10.6 | 166.6 | 10.2 | 261.7 | 12.6 | 333.0 | 14.2 | 318.0 | 12.9 | 260.0 | 10.2 | 229.5 | 9.0 |
| Private non-profit | 61.7 | 6.0 | 62.6 | 5.6 | 97.3 | 6.0 | 170.9 | 8.2 | 165.0 | 7.0 | 160.0 | 6.5 | 158.0 | 6.2 | 178.6 | 7.0 |
| Foreign sources | 3.9 | 0.4 | 8.6 | 0.8 | 11.9 | 0.7 | 26.2 | 1.3 | 16.0 | 0.7 | 19.0 | 0.8 | 28.0 | 1.1 | 27.6 | 1.1 |
| University | 545.6 | 52.9 | 601.0 | 54.1 | 835.4 | 51.3 | 911.5 | 43.9 | 998.0 | 42.6 | 1,129.0 | 45.8 | 1180.0 | 46.2 | 1,200.3 | 47.2 |
| Ontario | 1,211.2 | 100.0 | 1,432.7 | 100.0 | 2316.2 | 100.0 | 2,995.5 | 100.0 | 3,187.0 | 100.0 | 3,835.0 | 100.0 | 3980.0 | 100.0 | 4,088.2 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 59.1 | 4.9 | 119.7 | 8.4 | 250.6 | 10.8 | 295.2 | 9.9 | 294.0 | 9.2 | 394.0 | 10.3 | 378.0 | 9.5 | 373.3 | 9.1 |
| Federal government | 297.9 | 24.6 | 323.7 | 22.6 | 504.8 | 21.8 | 685.0 | 22.9 | 826.0 | 25.9 | 914.0 | 23.8 | 997.0 | 25.1 | 1,003.4 | 24.5 |
| Provincial government | 119.9 | 9.9 | 124.2 | 8.7 | 235.3 | 10.2 | 307.7 | 10.3 | 357.0 | 11.2 | 391.0 | 10.2 | 402.0 | 10.1 | 421.5 | 10.3 |
| Private non-profit | 86.3 | 7.1 | 120.0 | 8.4 | 203.5 | 8.8 | 239.4 | 8.0 | 243.0 | 7.6 | 283.0 | 7.4 | 342.0 | 8.6 | 356.9 | 8.7 |
| Foreign sources | 1.6 | 0.1 | 6.0 | 0.4 | 22.6 | 1.0 | 52.1 | 1.7 | 43.0 | 1.3 | 62.0 | 1.6 | 67.0 | 1.7 | 69.3 | 1.7 |
| University | 646.4 | 53.4 | 739.2 | 51.6 | 1099.5 | 47.5 | 1,416.1 | 47.3 | 1,423.0 | 44.7 | 1,791.0 | 46.7 | 1793.0 | 45.1 | 1,863.8 | 45.6 |
| Manitoba | 113.8 | 100.0 | 113.5 | 100.0 | 189.6 | 100.0 | 224.5 | 100.0 | 239.0 | 100.0 | 260.0 | 100.0 | 294.0 | 100.0 | 287.2 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 3.2 | 2.8 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 15.0 | 7.9 | 18.0 | 8.0 | 19.0 | 7.9 | 16.0 | 6.2 | 19.0 | 6.5 | 20.8 | 7.2 |
| Federal government | 28.6 | 25.1 | 26.6 | 23.4 | 42.0 | 22.2 | 55.7 | 24.8 | 62.0 | 25.9 | 72.0 | 27.7 | 72.0 | 24.5 | 69.5 | 24.2 |
| Provincial government | 5.0 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 14.3 | 7.5 | 15.8 | 7.0 | 16.0 | 6.7 | 19.0 | 7.2 | 15.0 | 5.1 | 18.8 | 6.5 |
| Private non-profit | 13.3 | 11.7 | 13.5 | 11.9 | 16.6 | 8.8 | 24.5 | 10.9 | 25.0 | 10.5 | 29.0 | 11.2 | 38.0 | 12.9 | 38.2 | 13.3 |
| Foreign sources | 2.3 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 4.1 | 1.4 |
| University | 61.5 | 54.0 | 62.2 | 54.8 | 99.3 | 52.4 | 108.2 | 48.2 | 114.0 | 47.7 | 123.0 | 47.3 | 149.0 | 50.7 | 135.7 | 47.2 |
| Saskatchewan | 100.7 | 100.0 | 113.9 | 100.0 | 228.2 | 100.0 | 258.8 | 100.0 | 245.0 | 100.0 | 245.0 | 100.0 | 217.0 | 100.0 | 215.4 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 3.5 | 3.5 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 10.2 | 4.5 | 15.9 | 6.1 | 18.0 | 7.3 | 18.0 | 7.3 | 13.0 | 6.0 | 8.2 | 3.8 |
| Federal government | 26.1 | 25.9 | 22.6 | 19.8 | 54.0 | 23.7 | 56.6 | 21.9 | 64.0 | 26.1 | 65.0 | 26.5 | 54.0 | 24.9 | 52.7 | 24.5 |
| Provincial government | 11.5 | 11.4 | 12.2 | 10.7 | 39.8 | 17.4 | 35.6 | 13.8 | 30.0 | 12.2 | 27.0 | 11.0 | 20.0 | 9.2 | 28.9 | 13.4 |
| Private non-profit | 3.8 | 3.8 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 8.3 | 3.6 | 21.4 | 8.3 | 12.0 | 4.9 | 12.0 | 4.9 | 15.0 | 6.9 | 11.8 | 5.5 |
| Foreign sources | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| University | 55.6 | 55.2 | 65.7 | 57.7 | 115.5 | 50.6 | 129.2 | 49.9 | 121.0 | 49.4 | 122.0 | 49.8 | 115.0 | 53.0 | 113.3 | 52.6 |
| Alberta | 290.4 | 100.0 | 327.9 | 100.0 | 546.0 | 100.0 | 727.5 | 100.0 | 827.0 | 100.0 | 899.0 | 100.0 | 962.0 | 100.0 | 918.5 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 13.2 | 4.5 | 24.6 | 7.5 | 49.7 | 9.1 | 44.5 | 6.1 | 60.0 | 7.3 | 60.0 | 6.7 | 63.0 | 6.5 | 76.8 | 8.4 |
| Federal government | 69.7 | 24.0 | 91.6 | 27.9 | 113.1 | 20.7 | 180.7 | 24.8 | 221.0 | 26.7 | 206.0 | 22.9 | 252.0 | 26.2 | 222.6 | 24.2 |
| Provincial government | 36.4 | 12.5 | 36.6 | 11.2 | 91.6 | 16.8 | 121.8 | 16.7 | 182.0 | 22.0 | 232.0 | 25.8 | 182.0 | 18.9 | 173.0 | 18.8 |
| Private non-profit | 21.7 | 7.5 | 27.2 | 8.3 | 34.2 | 6.3 | 52.1 | 7.2 | 44.0 | 5.3 | 49.0 | 5.5 | 61.0 | 6.3 | 57.0 | 6.2 |
| Foreign sources | 1.0 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 3.3 | 0.6 | 6.8 | 0.9 | 6.0 | 0.7 | 5.0 | 0.6 | 7.0 | 0.7 | 6.3 | 0.7 |
| University | 148.5 | 51.1 | 146.9 | 44.8 | 254.2 | 46.6 | 321.6 | 44.2 | 314.0 | 38.0 | 347.0 | 38.6 | 396.0 | 41.2 | 382.9 | 41.7 |
| British Columbia | 302.6 | 100.0 | 356.5 | 100.0 | 497.5 | 100.0 | 737.2 | 100.0 | 785.0 | 100.0 | 832.0 | 100.0 | 904.0 | 100.0 | 959.1 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 14.1 | 4.7 | 31.2 | 8.8 | 51.7 | 10.4 | 60.2 | 8.2 | 65.0 | 8.3 | 32.0 | 3.8 | 44.0 | 4.9 | 46.8 | 4.9 |
| Federal government | 104.6 | 34.6 | 101.9 | 28.6 | 125.1 | 25.1 | 204.7 | 27.8 | 231.0 | 29.4 | 284.0 | 34.1 | 294.0 | 32.5 | 295.7 | 30.8 |
| Provincial government | 20.9 | 6.9 | 16.9 | 4.7 | 27.2 | 5.5 | 75.1 | 10.2 | 88.0 | 11.2 | 39.0 | 4.7 | 81.0 | 9.0 | 106.6 | 11.1 |
| Private non-profit | 17.2 | 5.7 | 27.8 | 7.8 | 40.8 | 8.2 | 70.0 | 9.5 | 72.0 | 9.2 | 121.0 | 14.5 | 98.0 | 10.8 | 99.4 | 10.4 |
| Foreign sources | 2.0 | 0.7 | 4.2 | 1.2 | 6.9 | 1.4 | 10.9 | 1.5 | 7.0 | 0.9 | 8.0 | 1.0 | 10.0 | 1.1 | 13.1 | 1.4 |
| University | 143.7 | 47.5 | 174.4 | 48.9 | 245.7 | 49.4 | 316.3 | 42.9 | 320.0 | 40.8 | 348.0 | 41.8 | 377.0 | 41.7 | 397.5 | 41.4 |
| Notes: Data on general university funds are not available at the provincial level. See Education Indicators in Canada: Handbook for the Report of the Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program 2007 for more information. To convert this current dollar data to constant dollar amounts for comparison over time, it is recommended that the Gross domestic product (GDP) implicit price index be used for national and provincial-level conversions. For the index and further details on converting see Table F.1.2. Sources: Statistics Canada. Science Statistics: Estimates of Research and Development Expenditures in the Higher Education Sector, 2006/2007, August 2008, Catalogue no. 88-001-XWE2008004, vol. 32 no. 4; and Statistics Canada, Science, Innovation and Electronic Information Division, special tabulation, February 2009. |
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