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Table D.4.2
Total domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D) as percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Canada and jurisdictions, G-7, and leading OECD countries, 1991, 1995, 2000, and 2002 to 2006
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| 1991 | 1995 | 2000 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| percentage of GDP | ||||||||
| Canada | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1r | 2.0 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.0 |
| Prince Edward Island | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.6r | 1.6 |
| Nova Scotia | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 |
| New Brunswick | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0r | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Quebec1 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7r | 2.7 |
| Ontario1 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.4r | 2.3 |
| Manitoba | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2r | 1.2r | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.2 |
| Saskatchewan | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Alberta | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2r | 1.1r | 1.0 |
| British Columbia | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 |
| Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | .. | .. |
| Other G-7 countries | ||||||||
| France3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1p |
| Germany | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Italy | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Japan4 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.4 |
| United Kingdom | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
| United States5 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 |
| Leading OECD countries6 | ||||||||
| Finland | 2.0 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| Sweden7 | 2.7 | 3.3 | .. | .. | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.7 |
| Republic of Korea8 | .. | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.2 |
| Total OECD9 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2r | 2.3 |
| 1. Quebec and Ontario figures exclude federal government expenditures contributed in the National Capital Region. Canada includes federal government expenditures contributed in the National Capital Region. 2. Data not available by individual territory. 3. Data for 2000 and 2004 represent a break in the series with the previous year for which data are available. 4. Data for 1991 and 1995 are overestimated or based on overestimated data. 5. Data exclude most or all capital expenditures. 6. Also includes Japan. 7. Data for 1995 and 2005 represent a break in the series with the previous year for which data is available. Data for 1991, 1995, 2003, and 2004 are underestimated or based on underestimated data. 8. Excludes R&D in the social sciences and humanities. 9. OECD Secretariat estimate or projection based on national sources. Data sources: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), October 2008. Main Science and Technology Indicators, Vol. 2008/2, Table 02. (for the G-7 and OECD countries, 1995, 2003 to 2006); Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), June 2006. Main Science and Technology Indicators, Vol. 2006/1, Table 02. (for the G-7 and OECD countries, 2000, 2002);Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), November 1998. Main Science and Technology Indicators, Vol. 1998/1, Table 05. (for the G-7 and OECD countries, 1991); and Statistics Canada, 2008. Gross Domestic Expenditures on Research and Development in Canada (GERD), and the Provinces: National Estimates 1997 to 2008 and Provincial Estimates 2002 to 2006, Catalogue no. 88-221-X, vol. 1 no. 2, Table 3 (for Canada and the provinces). |
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