Statistics Canada
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Table D.4.1
Total domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D) as percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), OECD countries, 2006
1

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OECD countries Domestic R&D expenditures/GDP
percentage
Sweden 3.74
Finland 3.45
Japan 3.39
Republic of Korea2 3.22
Switzerland (2004) 2.90
Iceland (2005) 2.77
United States3 2.66
Germany 2.54
Denmark 2.46
Austria 2.46
Total OECD4 2.26
France 2.10p
Australia 2.01
Canada 2.00
Belgium 1.88p
United Kingdom 1.78
European Union (2005) 1.77
Netherlands 1.73p
Czech Republic 1.55
Norway 1.52
Ireland 1.32p
Spain 1.20
New Zealand (2005) 1.16
Italy 1.14
Hungary 1.00
Portugal5 1.00
Turkey 0.58
Greece5 0.57
Poland 0.56
Slovak Republic 0.49
Mexico (2005) 0.46
1. 2006 or latest available year.
2. Excludes R&D in the social sciences and humanities.
3. Excludes most or all capital expenditures.
4. OECD Secretariat estimate or projection based on national sources.
5. National estimate or projection.
Sources: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), October 2008. Main Science and Technology Indicators, Vol. 2008/2, Table 02; Statistics Canada, 2008. Gross Domestic Expenditures on Research and Development in Canada (GERD), and the Provinces: National Estimates 1997 to 2008 and Provincial Estimates 2002 to 2006, Catalogue no. 88-221-X, vol. 1 no. 2, Table 3 (for Canada).