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Table D.4.5
Sources of funds for university research and development (R&D) expenditures in millions of real 2001 dollars and as a percentage of total funding, Canada and provinces, 1991, 1995, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005
| Jurisdiction and source of R&D funds | 1991 | 1995 | 2000 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dollars | percentage of total | dollars | percentage of total | dollars | percentage of total | dollars | percentage of total | dollars | percentage of total | dollars | percentage of total | dollars | percentage of total | |
| Canada, total | 3,836.1 | 100.0 | 4,047.2 | 100.0 | 5858.5 | 100.0 | 7,373.3 | 100.0 | 7,796.2 | 100.0 | 8,403.7 | 100.0 | 8,542.0 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 267.3 | 7.0 | 325.3 | 8.0 | 559.6 | 9.6 | 636.1 | 8.6 | 650.1 | 8.3 | 700.5 | 8.3 | 720.7 | 8.4 |
| Federal government | 948.5 | 24.7 | 937.2 | 23.2 | 1307.3 | 22.3 | 1,796.7 | 24.4 | 2,089.1 | 26.8 | 2,168.2 | 25.8 | 2,281.3 | 26.7 |
| Provincial governments | 336.9 | 8.8 | 354.4 | 8.8 | 593.8 | 10.1 | 819.5 | 11.1 | 974.6 | 12.5 | 964.0 | 11.5 | 873.2 | 10.2 |
| Private non-profit | 251.0 | 6.5 | 291.4 | 7.2 | 422.9 | 7.2 | 597.9 | 8.1 | 573.5 | 7.4 | 635.5 | 7.6 | 665.9 | 7.8 |
| Foreign sources | 12.8 | 0.3 | 26.6 | 0.7 | 50.2 | 0.9 | 99.4 | 1.3 | 72.8 | 0.9 | 89.1 | 1.1 | 104.1 | 1.2 |
| University | 2,019.5 | 52.6 | 2,112.4 | 52.2 | 2924.6 | 49.9 | 3,423.7 | 46.4 | 3,436.4 | 44.1 | 3,847.2 | 45.8 | 3,895.0 | 45.6 |
| From own revenue sources | 533.1 | 13.9 | 696.4 | 17.2 | 1299.3 | 22.2 | 1,415.2 | 19.2 | 1,633.9 | 21.0 | 1,751.6 | 20.8 | 1,773.5 | 20.8 |
| From general university funds | 1,485.9 | 38.7 | 1,416.0 | 35.0 | 1625.5 | 27.7 | 2,008.6 | 27.2 | 1,802.5 | 23.1 | 2,095.5 | 24.9 | 2,121.7 | 24.8 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador, total | 70.0 | 100.0 | 67.8 | 100.0 | 83.6 | 100.0 | 94.0 | 100.0 | 109.2 | 100.0 | 102.4 | 100.0 | 117.6 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 2.2 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 8.3 | 9.9 | 10.5 | 9.6 | 8.8 | 14.1 | 13.8 | 18.3 | 15.5 |
| Federal government | 20.1 | 28.7 | 17.3 | 25.5 | 23.3 | 27.9 | 28.7 | 30.5 | 34.5 | 31.6 | 30.9 | 30.2 | 35.8 | 30.4 |
| Provincial government | 1.2 | 1.7 | 3.9 | 5.8 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
| Private non-profit | 6.0 | 8.5 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.4 |
| Foreign sources | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 1.4 |
| University | 40.7 | 58.1 | 40.6 | 59.9 | 50.5 | 60.4 | 52.4 | 55.7 | 60.3 | 55.3 | 53.9 | 52.4 | 60.4 | 51.4 |
| Prince Edward Island, total | 5.9 | 100.0 | 4.2 | 100.0 | 16.2 | 100.0 | 18.2 | 100.0 | 24.2 | 100.0 | 22.7 | 100.0 | 25.1 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 10.8 | 0.6 | 3.8 | 0.5 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 4.2 | 0.9 | 3.7 |
| Federal government | 1.8 | 31.4 | 0.9 | 21.6 | 2.8 | 17.2 | 4.2 | 23.0 | 6.8 | 28.0 | 7.6 | 33.3 | 8.4 | 33.3 |
| Provincial government | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 8.1 | 0.7 | 4.5 | 0.4 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Private non-profit | 0.3 | 5.9 | 0.3 | 8.1 | 1.0 | 6.4 | 0.9 | 4.8 | 1.9 | 8.0 | 0.9 | 4.2 | 0.9 | 3.7 |
| Foreign sources | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| University | 3.5 | 58.8 | 2.2 | 51.4 | 11.0 | 68.2 | 12.2 | 67.4 | 16.4 | 68.0 | 14.2 | 62.5 | 14.9 | 59.3 |
| Nova Scotia, total | 146.5 | 100.0 | 128.6 | 100.0 | 203.6 | 100.0 | 224.4 | 100.0 | 245.2 | 100.0 | 245.5 | 100.0 | 266.2 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 5.6 | 3.8 | 8.6 | 6.7 | 20.2 | 9.9 | 20.9 | 9.3 | 19.9 | 8.1 | 21.2 | 8.6 | 27.7 | 10.4 |
| Federal government | 52.2 | 35.6 | 34.1 | 26.5 | 40.6 | 20.0 | 51.7 | 23.1 | 56.8 | 23.2 | 67.4 | 27.4 | 71.5 | 26.8 |
| Provincial government | 8.1 | 5.5 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 7.9 | 3.9 | 6.9 | 3.1 | 6.6 | 2.7 | 7.4 | 3.0 | 5.4 | 2.0 |
| Private non-profit | 4.7 | 3.2 | 4.9 | 3.8 | 10.7 | 5.3 | 17.4 | 7.8 | 22.7 | 9.3 | 20.3 | 8.3 | 19.6 | 7.4 |
| Foreign sources | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| University | 75.8 | 51.7 | 76.4 | 59.4 | 122.4 | 60.1 | 126.1 | 56.2 | 138.2 | 56.4 | 130.1 | 53.0 | 141.1 | 53.0 |
| New Brunswick, total | 58.7 | 100.0 | 61.0 | 100.0 | 89.4 | 100.0 | 101.1 | 100.0 | 117.3 | 100.0 | 109.3 | 100.0 | 121.8 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 5.0 | 8.5 | 4.8 | 7.8 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 4.7 | 3.8 |
| Federal government | 14.5 | 24.7 | 15.1 | 24.7 | 15.4 | 17.2 | 20.6 | 20.4 | 29.8 | 25.4 | 28.8 | 26.3 | 32.8 | 26.9 |
| Provincial government | 3.9 | 6.6 | 4.0 | 6.6 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 3.1 |
| Private non-profit | 2.4 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 5.9 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 6.6 | 5.4 |
| Foreign sources | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| University | 33.0 | 56.1 | 33.4 | 54.8 | 62.1 | 69.4 | 68.5 | 67.7 | 71.6 | 61.0 | 67.1 | 61.4 | 74.9 | 61.5 |
| Quebec, total | 1,170.1 | 100.0 | 1,200.8 | 100.0 | 1652.2 | 100.0 | 2,037.0 | 100.0 | 2,244.4 | 100.0 | 2,309.4 | 100.0 | 2,352.4 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 142.1 | 12.1 | 101.0 | 8.4 | 146.9 | 8.9 | 172.1 | 8.5 | 179.0 | 8.0 | 179.7 | 7.3 | 208.9 | 8.9 |
| Federal government | 239.1 | 20.4 | 246.3 | 20.5 | 378.2 | 22.9 | 519.2 | 25.5 | 618.3 | 27.5 | 608.5 | 26.3 | 647.0 | 27.5 |
| Provincial government | 94.9 | 8.1 | 127.3 | 10.6 | 169.0 | 10.2 | 257.0 | 12.6 | 318.7 | 14.2 | 297.7 | 12.9 | 239.3 | 10.2 |
| Private non-profit | 70.0 | 6.0 | 67.6 | 5.6 | 98.7 | 6.0 | 167.8 | 8.2 | 157.9 | 7.0 | 149.8 | 6.5 | 145.4 | 6.2 |
| Foreign sources | 4.4 | 0.4 | 9.3 | 0.8 | 12.1 | 0.7 | 25.7 | 1.3 | 15.3 | 0.7 | 17.8 | 0.8 | 25.8 | 1.1 |
| University | 619.4 | 52.9 | 649.3 | 54.1 | 847.5 | 51.3 | 895.1 | 43.9 | 955.2 | 42.6 | 1,056.9 | 45.8 | 1,086.0 | 46.2 |
| Ontario, total | 1,353.6 | 100.0 | 1,536.3 | 100.0 | 2342.5 | 100.0 | 2,932.6 | 100.0 | 3,064.9 | 100.0 | 3,606.6 | 100.0 | 3,707.3 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 66.0 | 4.9 | 128.4 | 8.4 | 253.4 | 10.8 | 289.0 | 9.9 | 282.7 | 9.2 | 370.5 | 10.3 | 352.1 | 9.5 |
| Federal government | 332.9 | 24.6 | 347.1 | 22.6 | 510.5 | 21.8 | 670.6 | 22.9 | 794.4 | 25.9 | 859.6 | 23.8 | 928.7 | 25.1 |
| Provincial government | 134.0 | 9.9 | 133.2 | 8.7 | 238.0 | 10.2 | 301.2 | 10.3 | 343.3 | 11.2 | 367.7 | 10.2 | 374.5 | 10.1 |
| Private non-profit | 96.4 | 7.1 | 128.7 | 8.4 | 205.8 | 8.8 | 234.4 | 8.0 | 233.7 | 7.6 | 266.1 | 7.4 | 318.6 | 8.6 |
| Foreign sources | 1.8 | 0.1 | 6.4 | 0.4 | 22.9 | 1.0 | 51.0 | 1.7 | 41.4 | 1.3 | 58.3 | 1.6 | 62.4 | 1.7 |
| University | 722.4 | 53.4 | 792.6 | 51.6 | 1112.0 | 47.5 | 1,386.4 | 47.3 | 1,368.5 | 44.7 | 1,684.3 | 46.7 | 1,670.2 | 45.1 |
| Manitoba, total | 132.5 | 100.0 | 124.5 | 100.0 | 194.2 | 100.0 | 219.3 | 100.0 | 231.0 | 100.0 | 242.4 | 100.0 | 269.2 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 3.7 | 2.8 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 15.4 | 7.9 | 17.6 | 8.0 | 18.4 | 7.9 | 14.9 | 6.2 | 17.4 | 6.5 |
| Federal government | 33.3 | 25.1 | 29.2 | 23.4 | 43.0 | 22.2 | 54.4 | 24.8 | 59.9 | 25.9 | 67.1 | 27.7 | 65.9 | 24.5 |
| Provincial government | 5.8 | 4.4 | 5.6 | 4.5 | 14.6 | 7.5 | 15.4 | 7.0 | 15.5 | 6.7 | 17.7 | 7.2 | 13.7 | 5.1 |
| Private non-profit | 15.5 | 11.7 | 14.8 | 11.9 | 17.0 | 8.8 | 23.9 | 10.9 | 24.2 | 10.5 | 27.0 | 11.2 | 34.8 | 12.9 |
| Foreign sources | 2.7 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 0.7 |
| University | 71.6 | 54.0 | 68.2 | 54.8 | 101.7 | 52.4 | 105.7 | 48.2 | 110.2 | 47.7 | 114.7 | 47.3 | 136.4 | 50.7 |
| Saskatchewan, total | 127.2 | 100.0 | 125.8 | 100.0 | 225.6 | 100.0 | 248.7 | 100.0 | 230.8 | 100.0 | 217.4 | 100.0 | 183.9 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 4.4 | 3.5 | 7.8 | 6.2 | 10.1 | 4.5 | 15.3 | 6.1 | 17.0 | 7.3 | 16.0 | 7.3 | 11.0 | 6.0 |
| Federal government | 33.0 | 25.9 | 25.0 | 19.8 | 53.4 | 23.7 | 54.4 | 21.9 | 60.3 | 26.1 | 57.7 | 26.5 | 45.8 | 24.9 |
| Provincial government | 14.5 | 11.4 | 13.5 | 10.7 | 39.3 | 17.4 | 34.2 | 13.8 | 28.3 | 12.2 | 24.0 | 11.0 | 16.9 | 9.2 |
| Private non-profit | 4.8 | 3.8 | 6.3 | 5.0 | 8.2 | 3.6 | 20.6 | 8.3 | 11.3 | 4.9 | 10.6 | 4.9 | 12.7 | 6.9 |
| Foreign sources | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| University | 70.2 | 55.2 | 72.6 | 57.7 | 114.2 | 50.6 | 124.2 | 49.9 | 114.0 | 49.4 | 108.3 | 49.8 | 97.5 | 53.0 |
| Alberta, total | 405.4 | 100.0 | 429.7 | 100.0 | 560.8 | 100.0 | 746.4 | 100.0 | 774.9 | 100.0 | 795.8 | 100.0 | 764.5 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 18.4 | 4.5 | 32.2 | 7.5 | 51.0 | 9.1 | 45.7 | 6.1 | 56.2 | 7.3 | 53.1 | 6.7 | 50.1 | 6.5 |
| Federal government | 97.3 | 24.0 | 120.0 | 27.9 | 116.2 | 20.7 | 185.4 | 24.8 | 207.1 | 26.7 | 182.4 | 22.9 | 200.3 | 26.2 |
| Provincial government | 50.8 | 12.5 | 48.0 | 11.2 | 94.1 | 16.8 | 125.0 | 16.7 | 170.5 | 22.0 | 205.4 | 25.8 | 144.6 | 18.9 |
| Private non-profit | 30.3 | 7.5 | 35.6 | 8.3 | 35.1 | 6.3 | 53.5 | 7.2 | 41.2 | 5.3 | 43.4 | 5.5 | 48.5 | 6.3 |
| Foreign sources | 1.4 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.4 | 0.6 | 7.0 | 0.9 | 5.6 | 0.7 | 4.4 | 0.6 | 5.6 | 0.7 |
| University | 207.3 | 51.1 | 192.5 | 44.8 | 261.1 | 46.6 | 330.0 | 44.2 | 294.2 | 38.0 | 307.2 | 38.6 | 314.7 | 41.2 |
| British Columbia, total | 375.8 | 100.0 | 387.0 | 100.0 | 502.5 | 100.0 | 737.9 | 100.0 | 762.9 | 100.0 | 776.2 | 100.0 | 818.2 | 100.0 |
| Business enterprise | 17.5 | 4.7 | 33.9 | 8.8 | 52.2 | 10.4 | 60.3 | 8.2 | 63.2 | 8.3 | 29.9 | 3.8 | 39.8 | 4.9 |
| Federal government | 129.9 | 34.6 | 110.6 | 28.6 | 126.4 | 25.1 | 204.9 | 27.8 | 224.5 | 29.4 | 264.9 | 34.1 | 266.1 | 32.5 |
| Provincial government | 26.0 | 6.9 | 18.3 | 4.7 | 27.5 | 5.5 | 75.2 | 10.2 | 85.5 | 11.2 | 36.4 | 4.7 | 73.3 | 9.0 |
| Private non-profit | 21.4 | 5.7 | 30.2 | 7.8 | 41.2 | 8.2 | 70.1 | 9.5 | 70.0 | 9.2 | 112.9 | 14.5 | 88.7 | 10.8 |
| Foreign sources | 2.5 | 0.7 | 4.6 | 1.2 | 7.0 | 1.4 | 10.9 | 1.5 | 6.8 | 0.9 | 7.5 | 1.0 | 9.1 | 1.1 |
| University | 178.5 | 47.5 | 189.3 | 48.9 | 248.2 | 49.4 | 316.6 | 42.9 | 311.0 | 40.8 | 324.6 | 41.8 | 341.2 | 41.7 |
| … not applicable Notes: Sources of funds in real dollars have been calculated by deflating the estimates using the GDP implicit price index re-referenced to 2001=100. Data on general university funds are not available at the provincial level. Data for all years other than 2005 are revised. The values expressed in constant dollars at the Canada-level do not match the sum of the provincial values. See Education Indicators in Canada: Handbook for the Report of the Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program 2007 for more information. Real dollar conversions calculated by the Centre for Education Statistics, Statistics Canada. Data sources: Statistics Canada. Science, Innovation and Electronic Information Division. Science and Technology Surveys Section. CANSIM II Table 384-0036 (GDP implicit price index). Table source: Statistics Canada and Council of Ministers of Education, Canada. 2007. Education indicators in Canada: Report of the Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program. Catalogue no. 81-582-XIE. Ottawa. Updated June 16, 2008. |
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