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Table D.4.2
Total domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D) as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), Canada and jurisdictions, G-7, and leading Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, 1991, 1995, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005
| 1991 | 1995 | 2000 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| percentage of GDP | |||||||
| Canada | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1r | 2.0 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0r | 0.9 | 1.2 |
| Prince Edward Island | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
| Nova Scotia | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| New Brunswick | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9r | 1.0 |
| Quebec1 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.8r | 2.7 | 2.6 |
| Ontario1 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| Manitoba | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3r | 1.3 | 1.4 |
| Saskatchewan | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.0r | 1.0 |
| Alberta | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
| British Columbia | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | .. |
| G-7 | |||||||
| Canada | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.9r | 2.0r | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0p |
| France3 | 2.3r | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 |
| Germany | 2.5r | 2.2r | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Italy | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Japan4 | 3.0 | 2.9r | 3.0 | 3.2r | 3.2 | 3.2r | 3.3 |
| United Kingdom | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.8r | 1.8r | 1.7r | 1.8 |
| United States5 | 2.7r | 2.5r | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6r | 2.6 |
| Leading OECD countries | |||||||
| Finland | 2.0r | 2.3r | 3.3r | 3.4 | 3.4r | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| Iceland | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 3.0r | 2.8r | ..r | 2.8 |
| Sweden6 | 2.7r | 3.3r | ..r | ..r | 4.0 | 3.7r | 3.9 |
| Total OECD | 2.2r | 2.1r | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2r | 2.2r | 2.3p |
| .. not available for a specific reference period p preliminary r revised 1. Quebec and Ontario figures exclude federal government expenditures contributed in the National Capital Region. Canada includes federal government expenditures contributed in the National Capital Region. 2. Data not available by individual territory. 3. Data for 2000 and 2004 represent break in series with previous year for which data are available. 4. Data for 1991 and 1995 are overestimated or based on overestimated data. 5. Data exclude most or all capital expenditures. 6. Data for 1995 and 2005 represent a break in series with previous year for which data is available. Data for 1991, 1995, 2003, and 2004 are underestimated or based on underestimated data. Data sources: Statistics Canada. 2007. Science Statistics. Catalogue No. 88-001-X Vol. 31, No. 8 (for Canada and provinces). Main Science and Technology Indicators, No. 2, DSTI, OECD 2007, TAble 02 (for G-7 and OECD countries, including Canada under G-7 heading). Statistics Canada. 2006. Science, Innovation and Electronic Information Division Working Papers. Estimates of Canadian Research and Development Expenditures (GERD), Canada, 1995 to 2006, and by Province 1995 to 2004, Catalogue No. 88F0006X No. 009 (for Territorial R&D). CANSIM II, Table 384-0002 (Territorial GDP). Table source: Statistics Canada and Council of Ministers of Education, Canada. 2007. Education indicators in Canada: Report of the Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program. Catalogue no. 81-582-XIE. Ottawa. Updated June 16, 2008. |
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