Table 6
Marginal effects from a probit model of employment instability, men and women
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| All workers | Workers, employed full year | Workers, employed full year and full time | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| marginal effect | ||||||
| Presence of children | ||||||
| Yes | -0.02 | 0.14Note * | 0.02 | 0.10Note * | 0.03 | 0.04 |
| No | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Age | ||||||
| 16 to 21 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.17 |
| 22 to 24 | -0.02 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.09 |
| 25 to 27 | -0.04 | 0.04 | -0.01 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.07 |
| 28 to 29 | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Immigration status | ||||||
| Immigrant | -0.10Note * | 0.12 | -0.06Note * | 0.11 | -0.05Note * | 0.12 |
| Canadian-born | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Educational attainment | ||||||
| High school or less | -0.01 | 0.05 | -0.02 | -0.02 | 0.01 | -0.06 |
| Postsecondary education | 0.00 | 0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | 0.01 | -0.01 |
| University degree | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Years of experience | ||||||
| 0 to 2 years | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| 3 to 5 years | 0.03 | -0.07Note * | 0.01 | -0.04 | 0.01 | -0.01 |
| At least 6 years | -0.05 | -0.10Note * | -0.05 | -0.07 | -0.04 | -0.04Note * |
| Unknown | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
| Firm size | ||||||
| Less than 20 employees | 0.07Note * | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| 20 to 99 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| 100 to 499 | -0.03 | 0.00 | -0.03 | 0.00 | -0.01 | 0.01 |
| At least 500 | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Size unknown | 0.05 | 0.02 | -0.02 | -0.09 | -0.01 | -0.07 |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Management | -0.10 | -0.19Note * | -0.07Note * | -0.16Note * | -0.05Note * | -0.11Note * |
| Business, finance and administration | -0.04 | -0.12Note * | 0.01 | -0.11Note * | 0.04 | -0.07 |
| Natural sciences | -0.11Note * | -0.16Note * | -0.05Note * | -0.17Note * | -0.03 | -0.11Note * |
| Health | -0.04 | -0.09 | 0.00 | -0.06 | 0.02 | -0.02 |
| Social science, education, government service and religion | -0.07 | -0.06 | -0.01 | -0.09 | 0.02 | -0.03 |
| Art, culture, recreation and sport | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.09 | -0.08 | 0.15 | -0.13Note * |
| Sales and service | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Trades, transport, equipment operators | -0.04 | -0.02 | -0.03 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.07 |
| Unique to primary and processing | -0.01 | -0.03 | -0.04 | -0.03 | -0.02 | 0.02 |
| Occupation unknown | -0.11 | 0.07 | -0.07Note * | 0.08 | -0.05 | 0.01 |
| Industry | ||||||
| Manufacturing | -0.07 | -0.12Note * | -0.03 | -0.12 | -0.04 | -0.05 |
| Other goods producing | 0.03 | -0.06 | 0.03 | -0.12Note * | 0.01 | -0.10Note * |
| Trades and Transportation | -0.06 | -0.05 | -0.03 | -0.05 | -0.05 | -0.02 |
| Professional services | -0.03 | -0.04 | -0.02 | -0.04 | -0.03 | 0.01 |
| All other services | -0.03 | -0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.03 | 0.04 |
| Education, health and public administration | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Industry unknown | -0.02 | -0.11 | 0.03 | -0.08 | 0.02 | -0.09 |
|
* significantly different from the reference category (ref.) at the 5% level. Standard errors were obtained with bootstrap weights. Similar results were obtained when voluntary part-timers were excluded from the sample. Note: The models also include year and regional dummies. Source: Statistics Canada, Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, 1998 to 2009. |
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