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Table 7 Direct effect of transfer system on market income-based low-income rates for population age 65 and over
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| Total | Canadian-born | Immigrants | Years since immigration | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 or less | 6 to 10 | 11 to 15 | 16 to 20 | Over 20 | ||||
| % | ||||||||
| Market income-based low-income rate | ||||||||
| 1980 | 61.1 | 60.9 | 61.7 | 36.1 | 38.6 | 47.7 | 53.6 | 64.3 |
| 1985 | 54.0 | 54.7 | 52.0 | 40.3 | 45.5 | 45.2 | 44.4 | 53.6 |
| 1990 | 50.6 | 51.8 | 47.4 | 37.1 | 42.6 | 45.3 | 44.8 | 48.4 |
| 1995 | 61.3 | 62.3 | 58.7 | 49.0 | 50.4 | 54.2 | 56.3 | 60.2 |
| 2000 | 57.5 | 58.8 | 54.3 | 43.6 | 44.6 | 49.4 | 50.9 | 55.8 |
| 2005 | 51.2 | 52.0 | 49.3 | 36.4 | 44.5 | 49.4 | 49.9 | 50.0 |
| Market-based rates relative to Canadian-born | ||||||||
| 1980 | ... | ... | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.1 |
| 1985 | ... | ... | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
| 1990 | ... | ... | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| 1995 | ... | ... | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
| 2000 | ... | ... | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| 2005 | ... | ... | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Percent decline in market-based rates after transfers introduced | ||||||||
| 1980 | -51.2 | -53.8 | -45.2 | -12.8 | -16.3 | -39.3 | -39.1 | -46.8 |
| 1985 | -56.0 | -58.0 | -50.0 | -13.8 | -15.2 | -39.3 | -41.5 | -53.6 |
| 1990 | -61.6 | -63.4 | -56.0 | -22.4 | -21.3 | -38.8 | -44.7 | -60.7 |
| 1995 | -68.7 | -71.0 | -62.3 | -22.4 | -27.2 | -45.6 | -47.6 | -67.6 |
| 2000 | -70.8 | -72.7 | -65.7 | -38.1 | -50.9 | -51.9 | -50.9 | -68.7 |
| 2005 | -72.1 | -74.5 | -66.3 | -25.4 | -32.9 | -44.0 | -44.8 | -71.7 |
| Percentage point decline in market-based rates after transfers introduced | ||||||||
| % point | ||||||||
| 1980 | -31.3 | -32.8 | -27.9 | -4.6 | -6.3 | -18.7 | -21.0 | -30.1 |
| 1985 | -30.2 | -31.7 | -26.0 | -5.6 | -6.9 | -17.8 | -18.4 | -28.7 |
| 1990 | -31.2 | -32.8 | -26.5 | -8.3 | -9.1 | -17.6 | -20.0 | -29.4 |
| 1995 | -42.1 | -44.3 | -36.6 | -11.0 | -13.7 | -24.7 | -26.8 | -40.7 |
| 2000 | -40.7 | -42.8 | -35.7 | -16.6 | -22.7 | -25.6 | -25.9 | -38.3 |
| 2005 | -37.0 | -38.8 | -32.7 | -9.3 | -14.7 | -21.7 | -22.4 | -35.9 |
| Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 20% sample microdata files, 1981 to 2006. | ||||||||
