Data quality, concepts and methodology

Footnotes

Table 1.1 to 1.3

1. Exclude, prior to 1983, short-term inter-company accounts which are included in other assets and other liabilities. Exclude, prior to 1983, Canadian banks' equity in foreign subsidiaries and associates which is included in deposits assets. Exclude, prior to 1979, investments held abroad, for tax or administrative reasons, by wholly-owned Canadian subsidiaries of foreign corporations.
2. From 2002 onwards, foreign money market positions are included with assets, under portfolio investment. Prior to 2002, they are included with other investment under other assets.
3. Exclude, prior to 1964, the foreign currency loan assets of banks which are included in deposits assets. Include, from 1964 to 1970, the medium term non marketable United States government securities held under the Columbia River Treaty arrangements. Include, from 1995 onward, the asset position for repurchase agreements (REPO's) on Canadian and foreign securities. Prior to 1995, REPO's on Canadian bonds are included in Canadian bonds. Include, from 2003 onward, allowances for expected losses.
4. From 2003 onward, allowances are no longer presented as a separate asset category. Therefore, data on loans and other asset categories are presented net of any allowances applicable to them.
5. Include, prior to 1964, the foreign currency loan and security assets of banks. From 1964 onward, these loans are included in loans assets and these securities in other assets. Include, prior to 1963, Canadian banks' net foreign currency positions with both residents and non-residents and their holdings of gold and, for the Canadian non-bank sector, all their foreign currency deposits, whether held in or outside Canada, as well as their holdings of foreign treasury bills (except those in the official monetary reserves). The classification was based on a convention that treated Canadian banks as non-residents of Canada insofar as their foreign currency activities were concerned. From 1964 onward, Canadian banks' equity in foreign subsidiaries and affiliates are included in direct investment assets, loans in loans assets and securities in other assets; and, for the Canadian non-bank sector, deposits held in Canada are excluded from all series.
6. Include, prior to 1983, the short-term inter-company accounts. From 1983 onward, these short-term inter-company accounts are included in direct investment assets. Exclude, prior to 1964, the foreign security assets of banks, which are included in deposits assets. Include, from 1972 onward, the net foreign assets left abroad by immigrants. Include, prior to 2002, the foreign money market instruments which are now included in portfolio investment. Include, from 2003 onward, any applicable allowances.
7. Exclude, prior to 1983, the short-term inter-company accounts which are included in other assets and other liabilities. Include, prior to 1975, foreign portfolio investment in Canadian corporations which originated from the country of residence of the foreign direct investors. From 1975 onward, foreign portfolio investment in these Canadian corporations are included in portfolio Canadian bonds and stocks. Include, prior to 1964, inter-company and other liabilities of sales finance and consumer loan companies; from 1964 to 1969 they are included in other liabilities and from 1970 onward in loans, liabilities.
8. Include, from 1978 onward, interest accruals on these Canadian bonds, made up of accruals on coupons and the amortization between the issue price and the maturity price. Prior to 1978, bonds payable in United States dollars are converted at the rate of $1.00 United States equals $1.00 Canadian, while bonds denominated in other foreign currencies are converted at exchange rates prevailing at the time of issue. From 1978 onward, foreign currency bonds are converted into Canadian dollars at the year-end closing exchange rates of the reference year. Include, prior to 1995, repurchase agreements (REPO's) on Canadian bonds. From 1995 onward, REPO's on Canadian and foreign securities are included in loans assets and liabilities. Include, from 1980, an exchange rate valuation effect for the United States dollar, the Japanese yen and other foreign currencies. Bonds are valued at market prices from 1990 onward, that is the price that would prevail in the market at year-end. The market valuation has been adopted internationally as the standard to value positions. While the market valuation is not incorporated in the compilation of Canada's official series, it is, however, provided as supplementary information.
9. Prior to 2002, the market and book value estimates of these instruments are defined as equal.
10. Include, from 1995 onward, the liability position for repurchase agreements (REPO's) on Canadian and foreign securities. Prior to 1995, REPO's on Canadian bonds are included in Canadian bonds. Exclude, prior to 1968, medium-term bank borrowings by government and government enterprises, which are included under other liabilities.
11. Exclude, prior to 1963, the foreign currency deposits in Canadian banks, which are included as a deduction in deposits assets.
12. Exclude, prior to 1987, other long term liabilities of corporations, which are included under loan liabilities. Include, from 1964 to 1969, the inter-company and other liabilities of sales finance and consumer loan companies. Prior to 1964, they are included in foreign direct investment in Canada, and from 1970 onward they are in loans, liabilities. Include, prior to 1983, the short-term inter-company liability accounts. From 1983 onward, these short-term inter-company accounts are included in direct investment.

Table 2

1. Exclude, prior to 1983, short-term inter-company accounts which are included in other assets and other liabilities. Exclude, prior to 1983, Canadian banks' equity in foreign subsidiaries and associates which is included in deposits assets. Exclude, prior to 1979, investments held abroad, for tax or administrative reasons, by wholly-owned Canadian subsidiaries of foreign corporations.
2. Other European Union Countries include: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. From January 1995, includes Austria, Finland and Sweden. From May 2004, includes Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia.
3. Other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries include: Australia, Iceland, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey; from July 1994, Mexico; from December 1995 up to April 2004, the Czech Republic; from May 1996 up to April 2004, Hungary; from November 1996 up to April 2004, Poland; from December 1996, Republic of Korea; from January 2001 up to April 2004, the Slovak Republic; up to December 1994, Austria, Finland and Sweden.

Table 3

1. Exclude, prior to 1983, short-term inter-company accounts which are included in other assets and other liabilities. Exclude, prior to 1983, Canadian banks' equity in foreign subsidiaries and associates which is included in deposits assets. Exclude, prior to 1979, investments held abroad, for tax or administrative reasons, by wholly-owned Canadian subsidiaries of foreign corporations.
2. Services and retailing cover transportation services; general services to business; government services; education, health and social services; accommodation, restaurants, and recreation services; food retailing; consumer goods and services.
3. Other industries cover food, beverage and tobacco; chemicals, chemical products and textiles; electrical and electronic products; construction and related activities; communications.

Table 4

1. Exclude, prior to 1983, short-term inter-company accounts which are included in other assets and other liabilities. Exclude, prior to 1983, Canadian banks' equity in foreign subsidiaries and associates which is included in deposits assets. Exclude, prior to 1979, investments held abroad, for tax or administrative reasons, by wholly-owned Canadian subsidiaries of foreign corporations.

Tables 5, 6 and 7

1. Other European Union Countries include: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. From January 1995, includes Austria, Finland and Sweden. From May 2004, includes Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia.
2. Other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries include: Australia, Iceland, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey; from July 1994, Mexico; from December 1995 up to April 2004, the Czech Republic; from May 1996 up to April 2004, Hungary; from November 1996 up to April 2004, Poland; from December 1996, Republic of Korea; from January 2001 up to April 2004, the Slovak Republic; up to December 1994, Austria, Finland and Sweden.

Table 9

1. Include, prior to 1983, the short-term inter-company accounts. From 1983 onward, these short-term inter-company accounts are included in direct investment assets. Exclude, prior to 1964, the foreign security assets of banks, which are included in deposits assets. Include, from 1972 onward, the net foreign assets left abroad by immigrants. Include, prior to 2002, the foreign money market instruments which are now included in portfolio investment. Include, from 2003 onward, any applicable allowances.

Table 10

1. Exclude, prior to 1983, the short-term inter-company accounts which are included in other assets and other liabilities. Include, prior to 1975, foreign portfolio investment in Canadian corporations which originated from the country of residence of the foreign direct investors. From 1975 onward, foreign portfolio investment in these Canadian corporations are included in portfolio Canadian bonds and stocks. Include, prior to 1964, inter-company and other liabilities of sales finance and consumer loan companies; from 1964 to 1969 they are included in other liabilities and from 1970 onward in loans, liabilities.
2. Other European Union Countries include: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. From January 1995, includes Austria, Finland and Sweden. From May 2004, includes Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia.
3. Other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries include: Australia, Iceland, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey; from July 1994, Mexico; from December 1995 up to April 2004, the Czech Republic; from May 1996 up to April 2004, Hungary; from November 1996 up to April 2004, Poland; from December 1996, Republic of Korea; from January 2001 up to April 2004, the Slovak Republic; up to December 1994, Austria, Finland and Sweden.

Table 11

1. Exclude, prior to 1983, the short-term inter-company accounts which are included in other assets and other liabilities. Include, prior to 1975, foreign portfolio investment in Canadian corporations which originated from the country of residence of the foreign direct investors. From 1975 onward, foreign portfolio investment in these Canadian corporations are included in portfolio Canadian bonds and stocks. Include, prior to 1964, inter-company and other liabilities of sales finance and consumer loan companies; from 1964 to 1969 they are included in other liabilities and from 1970 onward in loans, liabilities.
2. Services and retailing cover transportation services; general services to business; government services; education, health and social services; accommodation, restaurants, and recreation services; food retailing; consumer goods and services.
3. Other industries cover food, beverage and tobacco; chemicals, chemical products and textiles; electrical and electronic products; construction and related activities; communications.

Table 12

1. Exclude, prior to 1983, the short-term inter-company accounts which are included in other assets and other liabilities. Include, prior to 1975, foreign portfolio investment in Canadian corporations which originated from the country of residence of the foreign direct investors. From 1975 onward, foreign portfolio investment in these Canadian corporations are included in portfolio Canadian bonds and stocks. Include, prior to 1964, inter-company and other liabilities of sales finance and consumer loan companies; from 1964 to 1969 they are included in other liabilities and from 1970 onward in loans, liabilities.

Table 13

1. Include, from 1978 onward, interest accruals on these Canadian bonds, made up of accruals on coupons and the amortization between the issue price and the maturity price. Prior to 1978, bonds payable in United States dollars are converted at the rate of $1.00 United States equals $1.00 Canadian, while bonds denominated in other foreign currencies are converted at exchange rates prevailing at the time of issue. From 1978 onward, foreign currency bonds are converted into Canadian dollars at the year-end closing exchange rates of the reference year. Include, prior to 1995, repurchase agreements (REPO's) on Canadian bonds. From 1995 onward, REPO's on Canadian and foreign securities are included in loans assets and liabilities. Include, from 1980, an exchange rate valuation effect for the United States dollar, the Japanese yen and other foreign currencies. Bonds are valued at market prices from 1990 onward, that is the price that would prevail in the market at year-end. The market valuation has been adopted internationally as the standard to value positions. While the market valuation is not incorporated in the compilation of Canada's official series, it is, however, provided as supplementary information.
2. Other European Union Countries include: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. From January 1995, includes Austria, Finland and Sweden. From May 2004, includes Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia.
3. Other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries include: Australia, Iceland, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey; from July 1994, Mexico; from December 1995 up to April 2004, the Czech Republic; from May 1996 up to April 2004, Hungary; from November 1996 up to April 2004, Poland; from December 1996, Republic of Korea; from January 2001 up to April 2004, the Slovak Republic; up to December 1994, Austria, Finland and Sweden.

Tables 14.1, 14.2 and 14.3

1. Include, from 1978 onward, interest accruals on these Canadian bonds, made up of accruals on coupons and the amortization between the issue price and the maturity price. Prior to 1978, bonds payable in United States dollars are converted at the rate of $1.00 United States equals $1.00 Canadian, while bonds denominated in other foreign currencies are converted at exchange rates prevailing at the time of issue. From 1978 onward, foreign currency bonds are converted into Canadian dollars at the year-end closing exchange rates of the reference year. Include, prior to 1995, repurchase agreements (REPO's) on Canadian bonds. From 1995 onward, REPO's on Canadian and foreign securities are included in loans assets and liabilities. Include, from 1980, an exchange rate valuation effect for the United States dollar, the Japanese yen and other foreign currencies. Bonds are valued at market prices from 1990 onward, that is the price that would prevail in the market at year-end. The market valuation has been adopted internationally as the standard to value positions. While the market valuation is not incorporated in the compilation of Canada's official series, it is, however, provided as supplementary information.

Tables 15 to 16

1. Other European Union Countries include: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. From January 1995, includes Austria, Finland and Sweden. From May 2004, includes Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia.
2. Other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries include: Australia, Iceland, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey; from July 1994, Mexico; from December 1995 up to April 2004, the Czech Republic; from May 1996 up to April 2004, Hungary; from November 1996 up to April 2004, Poland; from December 1996, Republic of Korea; from January 2001 up to April 2004, the Slovak Republic; up to December 1994, Austria, Finland and Sweden.

Table 18

1. Exclude, prior to 1987, other long term liabilities of corporations, which are included under loan liabilities. Include, from 1964 to 1969, the inter-company and other liabilities of sales finance and consumer loan companies. Prior to 1964, they are included in foreign direct investment in Canada, and from 1970 onward they are in loans, liabilities. Include, prior to 1983, the short-term inter-company liability accounts. From 1983 onward, these short-term inter-company accounts are included in direct investment.

Table 19.1 to 19.11

1. Include, from 1978 onward, interest accruals on these Canadian bonds, made up of accruals on coupons and the amortization between the issue price and the maturity price. Prior to 1978, bonds payable in United States dollars are converted at the rate of $1.00 United States equals $1.00 Canadian, while bonds denominated in other foreign currencies are converted at exchange rates prevailing at the time of issue. From 1978 onward, foreign currency bonds are converted into Canadian dollars at the year-end closing exchange rates of the reference year. Include, prior to 1995, repurchase agreements (REPO's) on Canadian bonds. From 1995 onward, REPO's on Canadian and foreign securities are included in loans assets and liabilities. Include, from 1980, an exchange rate valuation effect for the United States dollar, the Japanese yen and other foreign currencies. Bonds are valued at market prices from 1990 onward, that is the price that would prevail in the market at year-end. The market valuation has been adopted internationally as the standard to value positions. While the market valuation is not incorporated in the compilation of Canada's official series, it is, however, provided as supplementary information.
2. Include, from 1995 onward, the liability position for repurchase agreements (REPO's) on Canadian and foreign securities. Prior to 1995, REPO's on Canadian bonds are included in Canadian bonds. Exclude, prior to 1968, medium-term bank borrowings by government and government enterprises, which are included under other liabilities.
3. Exclude, prior to 1963, the foreign currency deposits in Canadian banks, which are included as a deduction in deposits assets.
4. Exclude, prior to 1987, other long term liabilities of corporations, which are included under loan liabilities. Include, from 1964 to 1969, the inter-company and other liabilities of sales finance and consumer loan companies. Prior to 1964, they are included in foreign direct investment in Canada, and from 1970 onward they are in loans, liabilities. Include, prior to 1983, the short-term inter-company liability accounts. From 1983 onward, these short-term inter-company accounts are included in direct investment.

Tables 21.1, 22.1, 23.1, 24.1, 25.1, 26.1 and 27.1

1. Exclude, prior to 1983, short-term inter-company accounts which are included in other assets and other liabilities. Exclude, prior to 1983, Canadian banks' equity in foreign subsidiaries and associates which is included in deposits assets. Exclude, prior to 1979, investments held abroad, for tax or administrative reasons, by wholly-owned Canadian subsidiaries of foreign corporations.
2. Exclude, prior to 1964, the foreign currency loan assets of banks which are included in deposits assets. Include, from 1964 to 1970, the medium term non marketable United States government securities held under the Columbia River Treaty arrangements. Include, from 1995 onward, the asset position for repurchase agreements (REPO's) on Canadian and foreign securities. Prior to 1995, REPO's on Canadian bonds are included in Canadian bonds. Include, from 2003 onward, allowances for expected losses.
3. From 2003 onward, allowances are no longer presented as a separate asset category. Therefore, data on loans and other asset categories are presented net of any allowances applicable to them.
4. Include, prior to 1964, the foreign currency loan and security assets of banks. From 1964 onward, these loans are included in loans assets and these securities in other assets. Include, prior to 1963, Canadian banks' net foreign currency positions with both residents and non-residents and their holdings of gold and, for the Canadian non-bank sector, all their foreign currency deposits, whether held in or outside Canada, as well as their holdings of foreign treasury bills (except those in the official monetary reserves). The classification was based on a convention that treated Canadian banks as non-residents of Canada insofar as their foreign currency activities were concerned. From 1964 onward, Canadian banks' equity in foreign subsidiaries and affiliates are included in direct investment assets, loans in loans assets and securities in other assets; and, for the Canadian non-bank sector, deposits held in Canada are excluded from all series.
5. Include, prior to 1983, the short-term inter-company accounts. From 1983 onward, these short-term inter-company accounts are included in direct investment assets. Exclude, prior to 1964, the foreign security assets of banks, which are included in deposits assets. Include, from 1972 onward, the net foreign assets left abroad by immigrants. Include, prior to 2002, the foreign money market instruments which are now included in portfolio investment. Include, from 2003 onward, any applicable allowances.

Tables 21.2, 22.2, 23.2, 24.2, 25.2, 26.2 and 27.2

1. Exclude, prior to 1983, the short-term inter-company accounts which are included in other assets and other liabilities. Include, prior to 1975, foreign portfolio investment in Canadian corporations which originated from the country of residence of the foreign direct investors. From 1975 onward, foreign portfolio investment in these Canadian corporations are included in portfolio Canadian bonds and stocks. Include, prior to 1964, inter-company and other liabilities of sales finance and consumer loan companies; from 1964 to 1969 they are included in other liabilities and from 1970 onward in loans, liabilities.
2. Include, from 1978 onward, interest accruals on these Canadian bonds, made up of accruals on coupons and the amortization between the issue price and the maturity price. Prior to 1978, bonds payable in United States dollars are converted at the rate of $1.00 United States equals $1.00 Canadian, while bonds denominated in other foreign currencies are converted at exchange rates prevailing at the time of issue. From 1978 onward, foreign currency bonds are converted into Canadian dollars at the year-end closing exchange rates of the reference year. Include, prior to 1995, repurchase agreements (REPO's) on Canadian bonds. From 1995 onward, REPO's on Canadian and foreign securities are included in loans assets and liabilities. Include, from 1980, an exchange rate valuation effect for the United States dollar, the Japanese yen and other foreign currencies. Bonds are valued at market prices from 1990 onward, that is the price that would prevail in the market at year-end. The market valuation has been adopted internationally as the standard to value positions. While the market valuation is not incorporated in the compilation of Canada's official series, it is, however, provided as supplementary information.
3. Include, from 1995 onward, the liability position for repurchase agreements (REPO's) on Canadian and foreign securities. Prior to 1995, REPO's on Canadian bonds are included in Canadian bonds. Exclude, prior to 1968, medium-term bank borrowings by government and government enterprises, which are included under other liabilities.
4. Exclude, prior to 1963, the foreign currency deposits in Canadian banks, which are included as a deduction in deposits assets.
5. Exclude, prior to 1987, other long term liabilities of corporations, which are included under loan liabilities. Include, from 1964 to 1969, the inter-company and other liabilities of sales finance and consumer loan companies. Prior to 1964, they are included in foreign direct investment in Canada, and from 1970 onward they are in loans, liabilities. Include, prior to 1983, the short-term inter-company liability accounts. From 1983 onward, these short-term inter-company accounts are included in direct investment.