Appendix C: Footnotes and definitions

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Section 1: Economic indicators

Tables 1.1-1 to 1.3

Gross domestic product (GDP)

The unduplicated value of production originating within the boundaries of Canada, regardless of ownership of the factors of production. GDP can be valued either at factor cost or at market prices.

Seasonal adjustment

Seasonal, cyclical and irregular movements cause fluctuations in economic time series. A seasonally-adjusted series is one for which seasonal movements have been eliminated. Seasonal movements are defined as those which are caused by regular annual events such as usual changes in weather, reduced or expanded production and the opening and closing of schools. Since these seasonal events follow a regular pattern each year, adjusting the data can eliminate their influence on trends.

Factor cost

Factor cost represents the costs of the factors of production. The valuation is expressed in terms of the expense of the producer, rather than of the purchaser. It includes all indirect taxes, such as sales and excise taxes, customs duties and property taxes.

Table 1.4

Capital expenditures

Capital expenditures include the cost of procuring, constructing and installing new durable plant and machinery and equipment, whether for replacement of worn or obsolete assets, as additions to existing assets or for lease or rent to others. Capital expenditures are for energy industries classified in NAICS sectors 21, 22, 31-33, 41, 44, 45, 48, 49.

Table 1.5

Capacity utilisation

Capacity utilisation is calculated by taking the actual production level for an establishment (production can be measured in dollars or units) and dividing by the establishment's maximum production level under normal conditions.

Tables 1.6

Gross domestic product price indexes

Gross domestic product price indexes measure the price change of broad categories of goods and services making up the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

Table 1.7

Consumer price index (CPI)

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the rate of price change for goods and services bought by Canadian consumers.

Section 2: Total energy

Tables 2.1-1 to 2.3-3, 2.4-2

Primary energy

Primary energy is the summation of the various primary energy forms in terajoules; coal, crude oil, natural gas, gas plant NGL's, primary electricity and nuclear produced steam. The tables in this publication do not include alternative energy sources, although it is estimated that these sources account for more than 7% of Canada's energy requirements.

Total coal

Total coal includes Canadian bituminous, sub-bituminous, lignite, anthracite and imported bituminous coal. It should be noted that the heat content varies depending on the mine.

Crude oil

Crude oil includes pentanes plus, condensate, crude bitumen and synthetic crude as well as conventional crude.

Natural gas

Natural gas is equal to marketable production plus field flared and waste, field uses, gathering uses, plant uses and plus or minus adjustments as found in the Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production publication, Catalogue 26-006-X.

Gas plant NGL's (natural gas liquids)

Gas plant NGL's include propane, butane and ethane. Condensate produced by gas plants is included with crude oil. Disposition is for both refinery produced propane and butane and for gas plant NGL's.

Primary electricity

Primary electricity production is for hydro and nuclear generated electricity. The assumption is made that international and inter-provincial movements of electricity are from primary sources. As virtually all generation is supplied to a grid system, it is not possible to determine the dispositions of primary or secondary electricity. Disposition is for both primary and secondary electricity.

Steam

Steam sold includes only known steam sales of large producers and therefore excludes any steam produced for own consumption as process steam or space heating. Primary production is from nuclear produced steam only. In the natural units tables, secondary steam production differs from other energy forms in that it is shown as transformed from other fuels. Secondary steam generation can be the product of dedicated steam plants or the result of co-generation of electricity and steam. For the dedicated plants the amount of fuels used are known, whereas for co-generation plants, only an estimate of the fuels used for steam generation may be made.

Net supply

Net supply is the amount "available" after the amounts used in transformation processes are subtracted.

Producer consumption

Producer consumption is the consumption by the producing industry of its own produced fuel – for example refined petroleum products consumed by the refined petroleum product industry, or natural gas used in the field, flared and waste, field uses, gathering uses, plant uses and metering adjustments. It does not include consumption of energy forms produced by other energy supply industries – for example; it would exclude the use of natural gas by the petroleum refining industry. In the case of electricity, it includes transmission losses, adjustments, "unaccounted for" amounts which are subject to variation because of cyclical billing, etc., but excludes generating station use output as measured at the generating station gate.

Non-energy use

Non-energy use is the amounts used for purposes other than fuel purposes. They include products being used as petrochemical feedstock, anodes/cathodes, greases, lubricants, etc.

Table 2.4-1

Definitions for Domestic energy demand sectors

Total mining and oil and gas extraction

Total mining and oil and gas extraction comprises establishments primarily engaged in extracting naturally occurring minerals. Includes metal mines, non-metal mines, coal mines, crude petroleum and natural gas extraction industries, stone quarries gravel pits, exploration for minerals, development of mineral properties and contract drilling operations. NAICS code 21.

Pulp and paper

Pulp and paper includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pulp, paper and paper products. NAICS code 322.

Total manufacturing

Total manufacturing is the summation of manufacturing industries.

Forestry

Forestry includes establishments primarily engaged in forestry and logging services. NAICS codes 113 and 1153.

Construction

Construction includes establishments primarily engaged in the construction of buildings, highways, dams, etc., and those providing services to the construction industry. Special trade contractors primarily engaged in construction work in such specialities as plumbing, carpentry, painting, etc. are included here. NAICS code 23. Sales of asphalt for paving purposes, regardless of the purchaser, are included here.

Transportation

Transportation in this sector only includes the use of fuel by the transportation industry for transportation purposes. Excluded are any fuels used for activities not directly involved in transportation (i.e. Train stations, warehouses, airports, etc.). Fuels, which have been purchased for use by the agriculture, commercial and public institutions sectors for transportation purposes, are included in the sectors to which the fuel was sold.

Agriculture

Agriculture establishments are those primarily engaged in agricultural, hunting and trapping activities. NAICS codes 111, 112, 1142, 1151 and 1152. Excluded are any operations primarily engaged in food processing, farm machinery manufacture and repair.

Residential

Residential includes all personal residences including single family residences, apartments, apartment hotels, condominiums and farm homes.

Public administration

Public administration establishments include federal, provincial and municipal governments primarily engaged in activities associated with public administration. Includes such establishments as the Federal Public Service, National Defence, and RCMP and provincial and local administrations. NAICS code 91.

Commercial and other institutional

Commercial and other institutional includes service industries related to mining, transportation, as well as storage and warehousing, communications and utility (excluding electricity and natural gas), wholesale and retail trade, finance and insurance, real estate and business service, education, health and social services and other service industries.

Energy use, final demand

Energy use, final demand is the summation of the various primary and secondary energy demands in terajoules. Secondary energy sources include coke, coke oven gases, petroleum products and secondary electricity.

Section 3: Energy trade

Tables 3.1 to 3.2

Exports

Statistics Canada from the B13 forms and Summary reports captures data for Canadian exports to countries other than United States. There are approximately 29,000 forms and 250 to 350 Summary reports completed every month.

Imports

The Canada Border Services Agency capture data for all imports from the B3 form. There are approximately 450,000 forms completed every month, which account for approximately 1.5 million import transactions.

Section 4: Crude oil and equivalent

Tables 4.1 to 4.6-2

Crude oil

A mixture mainly of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons that may be contaminated with sulphur compounds, that is recovered or is recoverable at a well from an underground reservoir and that is liquid at the conditions under which its volume is measured or estimated. It includes all other hydrocarbon mixtures so recovered or recoverable except raw gas or condensate.

Synthetic crude oil

A mixture of mainly pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons that may contain sulphur compounds, that is derived from crude bitumen and that is liquid at the conditions under which its volume is measured or estimated, and includes all other hydrocarbon mixtures so derived.

Crude bitumen

A naturally occurring viscous mixture, mainly of hydrocarbons heavier than pentane, that may contain sulphur compounds and that, in its naturally occurring viscous state, will not flow to a well.

Condensate

A mixture of mainly pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons that may be contaminated with sulphur compounds, that is recoverable at a well from an underground reservoir and that is gaseous in its virgin reservoir state but is liquid at the conditions under which its volume is measured or estimated.

Pentanes plus

A mixture of mainly pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons which ordinarily may contain some butanes and which is obtained from the processing of raw gas, condensate or crude oil.

Tables 4.7-1 to 4.7-4

Propane, and propane mixes

A normally gaseous paraffinic compound extracted from refinery gases.

Butane and butane mixes

A normally gaseous paraffinic hydrocarbon extracted from refinery gasses.

Section 5: Petroleum products

Tables 5.1 to 5.7

Production

Measured at a net yield level, i.e. after exchanges between refinery processes.

Domestic sales

Sales by reporting companies exclusive of exports and sales to other reporting companies, and adjusted for exports and imports by non-reporting companies.

Motor gasoline

All gasoline type fuels for internal combustion engines other than aircraft.

Aviation turbo fuel (kerosene type)

All kerosene type fuels for turbo-jet or straight type jet aircraft engines.

Aviation turbo fuel (naphtha type)

All naphtha type fuels for turbo-jet or straight jet or straight jet aircraft engines.

Kerosene, stove oil

Includes mineral lamp oil, no.1 fuel oil, and stove oil (including all vaporising burning oil). Are used in space heaters, cook stoves and is suitable for use as an illuminate when burned in wick lamps.

Diesel fuel oil

All grades of distillate fuel sold for diesel engine use including low sulphur content (with sulphur content lower that 0.05%).

Light fuel Oil (nos. 2 and 3)

Includes all distillate type fuels for power burners, fuel oil no. 2 (heating oil no. 2), fuel oil no.3 (heating oil no. 3), furnace fuel oil, gas oils and light industrial fuel.

Heavy fuel oil (nos. 4, 5 and 6)

All grades of residual type fuels including low sulphur (with sulphur content lower than 1%) for both steam and diesel engines. Bunker B and Bunker C, fuel oils no. 4, 5 and 6, and residual fuel oil.

Section 6: Natural gas

Tables 6.1 to 6.8

Total marketable gas

Receipt of gas from fields, processing or reprocessing plants after re-injection, field uses, processing plant or reprocessing plant shrinkage, plant use losses have been deducted.

Imports

Receipts of gas, by pipeline, into Canada from United States.

Exports

Export of gas, by pipeline, to the United States.

Direct sales

Represents direct, non-utility delivery for consumption.

Natural gas liquids

Propane

In addition to its normal scientific meaning, a mixture mainly of propane which ordinarily may contain some ethane or butanes.

Butanes

In addition to its normal scientific meaning, a mixture mainly of butanes which ordinarily may contain some propane or pentanes plus.

Ethane

In addition to its normal scientific meaning, a mixture mainly of ethane which ordinarily may contain some methane or propane.

Residential sales

Gas sold usually for domestic purposes (for example, heating space, water, cooking, etc.).

Commercial sales

Gas sold to customers engaged in wholesale or retail trade, governments, institutions, office buildings, etc.

Industrial sales

Gas sold to customers engaged in a process that creates or changes raw or unfinished materials into another form or product. Includes firm, interruptible and buy/sell agreements.

Direct sales

Represents direct, non-utility, sales for consumption, where the utility acts solely as the transporter.

Section 7: Coal

Tables 7.1 to 7.8-2

Includes Canadian bituminous, sub-bituminous, lignite, anthracite and imported bituminous coal. It should be noted that the heat content varies depending on the mine.

Bituminous

A dense, black coal, often with well-defined bands of bright and dull material with a moisture content usually less than 20%. Used primarily for generating electricity, making coke and space heating.

Sub-bituminous

A black coal used primarily for thermal generation with a moisture content between 15% and 30%.

Lignite

A brownish-black coal of low rank containing 30% to 40% moisture and volatile matter. Used almost exclusively for electric power generation.

Coal imports

Reported by industrial consumers including coke plants, and electric power producers.

Coal exports

Shipments of coal from a port to a customer reported on a "freight-on-board" basis by the seller. It may differ from trade data which is based on customs information.

Producer consumption

Producer consumption is the consumption by the producing industry of its own produced fuel.

Section 8: Electricity

Table 8. 1

Primary electricity

Production is for hydro and nuclear generated electricity.

Secondary electricity

The amount of electricity generated from thermal generation. The main fuels used are coal, natural gas, coke, coke oven gas, refined petroleum products, wood waste and spent pulping liquor and may include some fuel used for co-generation, for which adequate data is not available to enable the split of the fuels. Disposition data is shown under primary electricity. Exports, imports and producers' consumption (which includes line losses) is included under primary electricity.

Tables 8.2 to 8.7-2

Utility generation

A utility is an organisation that, as its prime purpose, generates, transmits and / or distributes electric energy for resale. It can be private or public (provincial or municipal). Electricity can be made from hydro (including tidal and wind), steam (conventional and nuclear), internal combustion and combustion turbine sources.

Industrial generation

Generation from establishments that are not part of the electric power generation, transmission and distribution industry (North American Industry Classification System (NAICS): 2211).

Hydro generation

Electric power generated from a plant in which the turbine generators are driven by falling water.

Steam generation

A plant in which the prime mover is a steam turbine. The steam used to drive the turbine is produced in a boiler where fossil fuels are burned.

Nuclear generation

Nuclear power is electricity generated at an electric power plant whose turbines are driven by steam generation in a reactor by heat from the fission of nuclear fuel.

Internal combustion generation

A power plant in which the prime mover is an internal combustion engine. The rapid burning of a fuel-air mixture into mechanical energy generates electric power.

Combustion turbine generation

Generation from the conversion of heat energy as a gas into mechanical energy.

Electricity exports

Electric energy (firm, non-firm and other) transferred to the United States, which is measured at the metering points on the lines crossing the frontiers.

Electricity imports

Electric energy received from the United States, which is measured at the metering points on the transmission lines crossing the borders.

Section 9: Prices

Tables 9.5-1 to 9.5-4

Unit price

The sales unit price is calculated by dividing sales revenue by sales volume.

Residential sales

Gas sold usually for domestic purposes (for example, heating space, water, cooking, etc.).

Commercial sales

Gas sold to customers engaged in wholesale or retail trade, governments, institutions, office buildings, etc.

Industrial sales

Gas sold to customers engaged in a process that creates or changes raw or unfinished materials into another form or product. Includes firm, interruptible and buy/sell agreements.

Direct sales

Represents direct, non-utility, sales for consumption, where the utility acts solely as the transporter.

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