Report on Energy Supply and Demand in Canada
Explanatory notes for tables

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Tables groups 1 and 2

Coal

Data presented here are a summation of the different types of coal; bituminous, sub-bituminous, lignite and anthracite. It should be noted that the heat content varies depending on the mine. For publication purposes, provincial/territorial heat contents have been established for Canadian bituminous. Therefore, inter-regional movements, expressed in terajoules, may not balance at the Canada level.

Crude oil

Includes pentanes plus, condensate, crude bitumen and synthetic crude as well as conventional crude.

Natural gas

The basic sources for the natural gas data are the monthly Natural Gas Transmission Survey (2149), monthly Natural Gas Distribution Survey (5215), monthly Natural Gas Storage Survey (5210), monthly Crude Oil and Natural Gas (2198), and the annual Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey (5047).

A modified production is used in this publication. This modified production is equal to marketable production plus field flared and waste, gathering uses, and plant uses. The addition of field flared and waste, gathering uses, and plant uses is shown as producer consumption in this survey. 

Starting with 1990, natural gas used to produce hydrogen for the enrichment of synthetic crude oil or oil products produced by petroleum refineries is shown as an inter-product transfer.

The source for estimates for the non-energy use of natural gas from the annual Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey (5047). The estimates take into account. Non-energy use of natural gas in the chemical industry. NAICS code 325.

Natural gas conversion factors are subject to fluctuations due to the varying heat content of the gas produced from different fields and to the processes to which the gas is subjected. Conversion factors are based on the heat content of natural gas as reported in the monthly Natural Gas Transmission Survey (2149) and monthly Natural Gas Distribution Survey (5215). The factors are normally revised each year, resulting in revisions to the natural gas terajoule data.

Gas plant NGL's (natural gas liquids)

Includes propane, butane and ethane. Data shown here is a summation of data presented in table groups 6 and 7. Condensate produced by gas plants is included with crude oil. All flows, except production and producer consumption, include NGLs produced at refinery and natural gas processing plants.

Primary electricity

Production is for hydro, nuclear, wind, tidal and solar generated electricity. The assumption is made that international and inter-regional movements of electricity are from primary sources. As virtually all generation is supplied to a grid system, it is not possible to determine the dispositions of primary or secondary electricity separately. Disposition data for both primary and secondary electricity is presented here. Nuclear generation of electricity data are displayed in Table 9.

The annual Electricity Supply and Disposition Survey (2194) is the source of data for this publication.

Steam

Steam sold includes only known steam sales of large producers and therefore excludes any steam produced for own consumption as process steam or space heating. The annual Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey (5047) is the source of data for this publication.

Generation of steam for sale data differs from other energy forms in that they are shown under transformed to other fuels. Steam for sale generation is expressed as a negative number in order that the column remain additive.

Secondary generation of steam for sale can be the product of dedicated steam plants or the result of co-generation of electricity and steam. For the dedicated plants, the amounts of fuels used are known; whereas for co-generation plants, only an estimate of the fuels used for steam for sale generation may be made.

Coke

The input coal for the coke plants is shown in the coal column.

Coke oven gas

The source of the coke oven gas data are the annual Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey (5047) and annual Electric Power Thermal Generating Station Fuel Consumption Survey (2196).

Total refined petroleum products

Data flows in this column are the summation of the detailed data on supply and disposition of refined petroleum products presented in tables 3 and 4.

Secondary electricity

This column presents the amount of electricity generated from thermal generation. The fuels used are shown in “Transformed to electricity by utilities” and in “Transformed to electricity by industry” and may include some fuel used for co-generation for which adequate data is not available to enable the split of the fuels. The sources of the data are as indicated for primary electricity. Disposition data is shown under primary electricity. Exports, imports and producers' consumption (which includes line losses) are included under primary electricity.

Table groups 3 and 4

These tables summarize the activity of Canadian petroleum refineries and the imports of petroleum products. The supply data for all products are derived from the monthly Refined Petroleum Products Survey (2150) and from administrative records. Disposition data are from this survey, annual End-Use of Refined Petroleum Products Survey (2168), annual Secondary Distributors of Refined Petroleum Products Survey (5168) and the annual Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey (5047).

Inter-product transfers are defined as refined petroleum product (RPP) “inter-product transfers”, less “transfers to refinery feedstocks” except for liquefied petroleum gases (LPG). 

Inter-product transfers for LPG's are defined as producer consumption minus production. 

The item ‘Other adjustments’ is the combination of various RPP items, and is composed as follows:

1. (+) receipts from reporting companies
2. (+) receipts from non-reporting companies
3. (–) deliveries to reporting companies
4. (–) losses and adjustments

Inter-regional transfers may be modified to reflect movements that are indicated by supplementary data used in the completion of the tables.

Additional information on oil products produced and used in the oil sands/non-conventional sector of the oil and gas industry are included.

The timing of data selection can affect the calculation of supply data. That is, the inclusion or exclusion of refined petroleum products revisions may cause different results.

Because of the way heavy fuel oil and light fuel oil are used, a specific method of combining industries has been employed in the body of this publication. This pattern is detailed in the following:

Light fuel oil

1. Consumption data reported in the railways and road transport sectors are presented in the commercial and other institutional sector.

Heavy fuel oil

1. Consumption data reported in railways in Ontario and British Columbia are presented in the domestic marine sector and in the commercial and other institutional sector for all other provinces.
2. Consumption data reported in British Columbia in the road transport sector is presented in the domestic marine sector and in the commercial and other institutional sector for all other provinces.

Refinery LPG's (liquefied petroleum gases)

All data except for production and producer consumption is combined with that of "gas plant NGL's" from Table Groups 6 and 7.

Still Gas

Almost all still gas, commonly known as refinery fuel gas, is used within the producing refinery.   Amounts use to generate electricity are reported under “Transformed to electricity by industry”.

Kerosene and stove oil and light fuel oil

Only the major industrial uses are shown. Industries with small usage are included with “Other manufacturing”.

Non-energy products

For the summation of all refinery products, the total column of Table 5 is repeated here. Data for the individual products presented in the Table 5 are converted to terajoules and summarized for inclusion here in the terajoule portion of this table in order for Table 4 to remain additive.

Total refined petroleum products

This column is the summation of the individual products (refinery LPG’s, still gas, motor gasoline, kerosene and stove oil, diesel fuel oil, light fuel oil, heavy fuel oil, petroleum coke, aviation gasoline, aviation turbo fuel and non-energy products). This column is carried forward as the total refined petroleum products column in table groups 1 and 2. Excluded are all propane and butane flows except for production and producer consumption. These excluded flows are shown under “Gas plant NGL's”.

Table 5

Non-energy refined petroleum products

Although this table shows the final sector of disposition, all of the usage is non-energy use. When shown in the table groups 3 and 4, all usage is considered to be non-energy use and is included on the non-energy use line.

Petrochemical feedstocks

Petrochemical feedstocks are refinery gases or other first derivatives of petroleum used as raw material for further processing and include LPG's, crude tops, crude bottoms, lube oils for recycling, etc.

Naphtha specialties

This includes industrial and commercial solvents, lighting naphtha, mineral spirits and paint thinners. Since the largest portion of these products are used in the commercial and other institutional sector, the total is attributed to this sector.

Lubricating oils and greases

Contains all oils and greases of petroleum origin manufactured or sold for lubricating purposes.

Other products

Includes waxes, paraffin and unfinished products (items which cannot be identified in end-product terms).

Table groups 6 and 7

Details of natural gas liquids (NGLs)

Data for the supply section of this table come from various sources. Principal sources for this data are the National Energy Board, the individual producing provinces/territories and administrative records. The reliability of the final demand end-use category estimates depends on the distributors’ ability to report sales by type of final customers.

All data, except for production and producer consumption, are for both gas plants and refineries. Production and producer consumption data in these tables are gas plant only. Refinery produced and producer consumed propane and butane are shown in the table groups 3 and 4 as ‘Refinery LPG’s’. The line ‘inter-product transfers’ shows the movement of the refinery-produced products from table groups 3 and 4 to table groups 6 and 7.   "Inter-product transfers" is the difference between ‘production’ and ‘producers' consumption’ of propane and butane, as shown in the ‘Refinery LPG’s’ column in table groups 3 and 4.

Table 8

This table presents a modeled breakdown of the thermal electricity generated from various fossil fuels. Included are the amounts of electricity generated from fuel types excluded from the main tables, i.e. wood waste, spent pulping liquor, waste heat, etc. Negatives may occur as an adjustment reflecting fuels used for station service, as the electricity generation figures are reported on a net (as opposed to gross) generation basis.

The first section of this table presents the total generation by utilities and industry. The second part presents the total generation by utilities only.

Table 9

This table presents in more detail the amount of electricity production shown in the table groups 1 and 2, Primary electricity column, including the portion which is of nuclear generation. Uranium used is based on the heat content as received annually from the utilities concerned.

Table 10

This table presents consumption of wood and wood waste and spent pulping liquor used to create electricity, create steam for sale, and as a fuel in the production process. The annual Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey is the source of data for this publication.

Tables 11 and 12

In the upstream oil sands and heavy oil extraction processes, fuel is used from own production. Natural gas/hydrocarbon gas is obtained during the separation stage of the production of heavy crude from the steam injection process. Natural gas/hydrocarbon gas, diesel/synthetic and crude/naphtha are obtained during the separation stages of the oils and extraction and used by the producing plants.

During the processing in the oil sands plants and in the heavy oil upgraders, hydrogen treatment of heavy crude is carried out, a process which results in a volumetric gain in the amount of crude oil which the plants produce.

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