Environmental Thematic Maps and Graphics:
Precipitation change, annual and all seasons, by ecoprovince, 1979 to 2016
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Description for Map
The title of this map is “Precipitation change, annual and all seasons, by ecoprovince, 1979 to 2016.” This map provides a visual representation of the change in average annual and seasonal precipitation in Canada, by ecoprovince, over the time period from 1979 to 2016.
On the page, there are five maps and a legend to the upper right. The first map (top left) displays annual precipitation change, the second map (middle left) displays spring, the third map (middle right) displays summer, the fourth map (bottom left) displays fall and the fifth map (bottom right) displays winter. On each map, dashed black lines show provincial boundaries and fine solid black lines show ecoprovince boundaries.
The maps show the change in precipitation trends through a colour range of browns and teals. Decrease in precipitation is shown through shades of brown, while increase in precipitation is shown through shades of teal. Grey diagonal hatching is used to indicate ecoprovinces where trends are not significant at the 90% confidence interval or above.
The unit of measurement is millimetres (mm). The legend contains six precipitation categories: greater than or equal to 60 (dark teal), 25 to less than 60 (teal), 0 to less than 25 (light aqua), -10 to less than 0 (beige), -75 to less than -10 (tan), and less than -75 (brown).
The maps show varying trends in precipitation from 1979 to 2016. Annual average precipitation has increased in much of southern Canada and decreased in much of northern Canada. Much of Ontario and southern Quebec showed an increase in winter precipitation between 1979 and 2016, including the Mid-Boreal Shield, Southern Boreal Shield, Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Lowlands, Huron–Erie Plains and Hudson–James Lowlands ecoprovinces. Over the same time period, much of the southern Yukon and northern British Columbia, including the Mackenzie–Selwyn Mountains, Northern Boreal Cordillera and Southern Boreal Cordillera ecoprovinces, showed an increase in summer precipitation.
Notes: Statistically significant linear trends are presented at the 90% confidence interval or above. Caution should be used when analyzing trends in the North because of lower climate station densities. Winter data are from December to February with other seasons following sequentially.
Sources:
Statistics Canada, Environment and Energy Statistics Division (EESD), 2021, special tabulation based on Wang, S., Y. Yang, Y. Luo and A. Rivera, 2013, “Spatial and seasonal variations in evapotranspiration over Canada's landmass,” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 3561-3575, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3561-2013 (accessed December 1, 2020);
Wang, S., et al., 2014, “A national-scale assessment of long-term water budget closures for Canada’s watersheds,” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 119, pp. 8712–8725, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021951 (accessed February 1, 2021).
Colour | Precipitation change (mm) |
---|---|
Dark teal | Greater than or equal to 60 |
Teal | 25 to less than 60 |
Light aqua | 0 to less than 25 |
Beige | -10 to less than 0 |
Tan | -75 to less than -10 |
Brown | Less than -75 |
Grey lines | Trend not statistically significant |
Shape | Boundary |
Dashed line | Province/territory |
Black outline | Ecoprovince |
Code | Ecoprovince | Annual | Winter | Spring | Summer | Fall |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | ||
1.1 | Northern Arctic Cordillera | 4.7Note E: Use with caution | 0.2Note E: Use with caution | -0.4Note E: Use with caution | 4.5Note E: Use with caution | -1.4Note E: Use with caution |
1.2 | Southern Arctic Cordillera | -99.9Note * | -15.6Note * | -19.8Note * | -23.9Note * | -30.7Note * |
2.1 | Sverdrup Islands | 5.7Note E: Use with caution | 0.5Note ** | 1.9Note ** | 1.0Note E: Use with caution | -0.1Note E: Use with caution |
2.2 | Ellesmere Basin | -0.5Note E: Use with caution | 0.2Note E: Use with caution | 1.4Note E: Use with caution | 1.7Note E: Use with caution | -4.0Note E: Use with caution |
2.3 | Victoria Lowlands | -2.9Note E: Use with caution | -0.3Note E: Use with caution | -2.2Note E: Use with caution | 0.2Note E: Use with caution | -1.7Note E: Use with caution |
2.4 | Parry Channel Plateau | -0.8Note E: Use with caution | 3.1Note E: Use with caution | 1.4Note E: Use with caution | -0.3Note E: Use with caution | -3.5Note E: Use with caution |
2.5 | Boothia–Foxe Shield | -31.1Note * | -0.6Note E: Use with caution | -4.6Note E: Use with caution | -19.2Note * | -6.9Note E: Use with caution |
2.6 | Baffin Uplands | -77.2Note * | -11.0Note * | -11.4Note ** | -31.4Note * | -23.0Note * |
2.7 | Foxe–Boothia Lowlands | -4.8Note E: Use with caution | 2.3Note E: Use with caution | 5.6Note E: Use with caution | -10.7Note E: Use with caution | -1.6Note E: Use with caution |
3.1 | Amundsen Lowlands | -9.8Note E: Use with caution | -3.8Note E: Use with caution | -5.5Note E: Use with caution | 3.5Note E: Use with caution | -6.8Note E: Use with caution |
3.2 | Keewatin Lowlands | -3.9Note E: Use with caution | 0.7Note E: Use with caution | -6.9Note E: Use with caution | -9.2Note E: Use with caution | 11.1Note E: Use with caution |
3.3 | Ungava–Belcher | -33.4Note E: Use with caution | 4.3Note E: Use with caution | -13.6Note E: Use with caution | -7.2Note E: Use with caution | 6.7Note E: Use with caution |
4.1 | Mackenzie Foothills | 37.5Note E: Use with caution | 5.8Note E: Use with caution | 3.2Note E: Use with caution | 37.8Note * | -9.7Note E: Use with caution |
4.2 | Great Bear Lowlands | 7.4Note E: Use with caution | 1.0Note E: Use with caution | 1.2Note E: Use with caution | 16.5Note E: Use with caution | -13.3Note ** |
4.3 | Hay–Slave Lowlands | 24.6Note E: Use with caution | 6.2Note E: Use with caution | -7.0Note E: Use with caution | 30.7Note E: Use with caution | -5.8Note E: Use with caution |
5.1 | Western Taiga Shield | -10.0Note E: Use with caution | -0.6Note E: Use with caution | -11.3Note * | -0.1Note E: Use with caution | 0.0Note E: Use with caution |
5.2 | Eastern Taiga | -74.9Note E: Use with caution | -2.9Note E: Use with caution | -20.9Note E: Use with caution | 11.9Note E: Use with caution | -1.0Note E: Use with caution |
5.3 | Labrador Uplands | -98.2Note * | -23.8Note E: Use with caution | -32.2Note E: Use with caution | -24.4Note * | -12.9Note E: Use with caution |
5.4 | Whale River Lowland | -43.1Note E: Use with caution | -14.7Note E: Use with caution | -25.7Note ** | 47.1Note * | 20.1Note E: Use with caution |
6.1 | Western Boreal Shield | 39.2Note ** | 4.0Note E: Use with caution | 4.1Note E: Use with caution | 24.9Note ** | 4.4Note E: Use with caution |
6.2 | Mid-Boreal Shield | 60.7Note ** | 25.3Note * | 21.1Note E: Use with caution | 14.7Note E: Use with caution | -1.2Note E: Use with caution |
6.3 | Eastern Boreal Shield | -75.2Note E: Use with caution | -15.3Note E: Use with caution | -39.7Note * | -6.7Note E: Use with caution | -5.5Note E: Use with caution |
6.4 | Newfoundland | -125.0Note * | -36.2Note E: Use with caution | -52.9Note * | -41.3Note E: Use with caution | 4.5Note E: Use with caution |
6.5 | Lake of the Woods | 122.5Note * | 25.5Note * | 66.3Note ** | 31.9Note E: Use with caution | 6.7Note E: Use with caution |
6.6 | Southern Boreal Shield | 66.1Note * | 56.6Note * | 1.9Note E: Use with caution | 17.2Note E: Use with caution | -8.9Note E: Use with caution |
7.1 | Appalachian–Acadian Highlands | 107.4Note E: Use with caution | 42.1Note E: Use with caution | 7.8Note E: Use with caution | 32.1Note E: Use with caution | 31.3Note E: Use with caution |
7.2 | Northumberland Lowlands | 58.3Note E: Use with caution | 53.5Note E: Use with caution | -17.1Note E: Use with caution | 3.6Note E: Use with caution | 45.4Note E: Use with caution |
7.3 | Fundy Uplands | -0.9Note E: Use with caution | 42.4Note E: Use with caution | -51.1Note * | -13.4Note E: Use with caution | 28.1Note E: Use with caution |
8.1 | Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Lowlands | 77.0Note ** | 62.3Note * | 15.1Note E: Use with caution | 25.6Note E: Use with caution | -14.9Note E: Use with caution |
8.2 | Huron–Erie Plains | -29.1Note E: Use with caution | 45.6Note ** | 2.9Note E: Use with caution | -30.3Note E: Use with caution | -45.5Note E: Use with caution |
9.1 | Boreal Foothills | -12.0Note E: Use with caution | -12.5Note E: Use with caution | -1.8Note E: Use with caution | 3.0Note E: Use with caution | 6.1Note E: Use with caution |
9.2 | Central Boreal Plains | 34.1Note E: Use with caution | 1.9Note E: Use with caution | -4.1Note E: Use with caution | 28.7Note E: Use with caution | 8.9Note E: Use with caution |
9.3 | Eastern Boreal Plains | 105.0Note * | 17.1Note ** | 3.6Note E: Use with caution | 67.7Note * | 15.5Note E: Use with caution |
10.1 | Eastern Prairies | 135.2Note * | 21.6Note * | 51.2Note * | 47.9Note E: Use with caution | 18.0Note E: Use with caution |
10.2 | Parkland Prairies | 67.1Note * | 12.2Note E: Use with caution | 19.8Note ** | 26.0Note E: Use with caution | 10.0Note E: Use with caution |
10.3 | Central Grassland | 55.7Note ** | 6.7Note E: Use with caution | 17.4Note E: Use with caution | 26.7Note E: Use with caution | 5.8Note E: Use with caution |
11.1 | Northern Yukon Mountains | 15.7Note E: Use with caution | 0.3Note E: Use with caution | 3.6Note E: Use with caution | 12.4Note E: Use with caution | -5.8Note E: Use with caution |
11.2 | Old Crow–Eagle Plains | -2.0Note E: Use with caution | 0.1Note E: Use with caution | 3.0Note E: Use with caution | 1.1Note E: Use with caution | -8.5Note E: Use with caution |
11.3 | Ogilvie Mountains | 5.2Note E: Use with caution | 0.5Note E: Use with caution | 0.6Note E: Use with caution | 6.4Note E: Use with caution | -2.7Note E: Use with caution |
11.4 | Mackenzie–Selwyn Mountains | 44.3Note * | 7.7Note E: Use with caution | 5.2Note E: Use with caution | 34.9Note * | -2.4Note E: Use with caution |
12.1 | Wrangel Mountains | -130.9Note * | -27.9Note E: Use with caution | -37.5Note * | -38.0Note * | -35.5Note ** |
12.2 | Northern Boreal Cordillera | 28.7Note E: Use with caution | 3.8Note E: Use with caution | 0.7Note E: Use with caution | 25.8Note ** | -2.1Note E: Use with caution |
12.3 | Southern Boreal Cordillera | 27.0Note E: Use with caution | -0.1Note E: Use with caution | -2.4Note E: Use with caution | 36.1Note ** | -5.3Note E: Use with caution |
12.4 | Western Boreal Cordillera | -23.5Note E: Use with caution | -1.3Note E: Use with caution | -6.7Note E: Use with caution | -12.9Note E: Use with caution | -2.5Note E: Use with caution |
13.1 | Georgia Depression | -23.2Note E: Use with caution | -95.8Note E: Use with caution | 31.3Note E: Use with caution | -53.8Note E: Use with caution | 84.1Note E: Use with caution |
13.2 | Southern Coastal Mountains | -77.1Note E: Use with caution | -108.9Note E: Use with caution | 31.3Note E: Use with caution | -19.1Note E: Use with caution | 20.9Note E: Use with caution |
13.3 | Northern Coastal Mountains | -3.7Note E: Use with caution | -31.0Note E: Use with caution | -7.8Note E: Use with caution | 49.7Note E: Use with caution | -19.5Note E: Use with caution |
14.1 | Northern Montane Cordillera | 35.2Note * | 0.0Note E: Use with caution | 10.9Note E: Use with caution | 24.4Note E: Use with caution | 4.7Note E: Use with caution |
14.2 | Central Montane Cordillera | -0.1Note E: Use with caution | -5.5Note E: Use with caution | 11.6Note E: Use with caution | -11.3Note E: Use with caution | 14.0Note E: Use with caution |
14.3 | Southern Montane Cordillera | -38.7Note E: Use with caution | -25.3Note E: Use with caution | 15.1Note E: Use with caution | -57.6Note * | 24.1Note E: Use with caution |
14.4 | Columbia Montane Cordillera | -95.9Note E: Use with caution | -82.9Note * | 18.0Note E: Use with caution | -38.2Note E: Use with caution | 22.5Note E: Use with caution |
15.1 | Hudson Bay Coastal Plains | -13.7Note E: Use with caution | -1.7Note E: Use with caution | -7.5Note E: Use with caution | 1.4Note E: Use with caution | -8.0Note E: Use with caution |
15.2 | Hudson–James Lowlands | 16.6Note E: Use with caution | 17.6Note ** | 5.3Note E: Use with caution | 7.2Note E: Use with caution | -16.7Note E: Use with caution |
E use with caution
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