Chart 3.4
Directly modified and indirectly modified areas by ecosystem type, 2016

Chart 3.4 Directly modified and indirectly modified areas by ecosystem type, 2016

Data table for Chart 3.4 
Data table for chart 3.4
Table summary
This table displays the results of Data table for chart 3.4. The information is grouped by Ecosystem type (appearing as row headers), Indirectly modified areas, Directly modified areas and Total, calculated using square kilometres units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Ecosystem type Indirectly modified areas Directly modified areas Total
square kilometres
Natural and semi-natural
Forest 3,376,989 258,422 3,635,411
Grassland and natural pasture 261,132 142,613 403,745
Arctic tundra 2,468,836 0 2,468,836
Permanent snow and ice 210,305 0 210,305
Other natural and semi-natural 2,760,040 0 2,760,040
Intensive use
Arable (cropland, summerfallow and tame or seeded pasture) 0 437,945 437,945
Built-up and artificial surfaces 0 62,641 62,641
Total 9,077,302 901,620 9,978,923
Notes: All areas of Canada are directly or indirectly modified by human activity. Directly modified land includes areas used for agriculture (e.g., cropland, pasture, summerfallow), recent forest harvest (1986 to 2015) and built-up and artificial surface. For more information on methodology, see Appendix A.
Sources: National Forest Inventory, 2021, First remeasurement standard reports, (2007-2017): Table 4.1. Area (1000 ha) of forest and non-forest land by terrestrial ecozone in Canada, https://nfi.nfis.org/resources/general/summaries/t1/en/NFI/html/NFI_T4_FOR_AREA_en.html (accessed August 13, 2021); Guindon, L., et al., 2017, Canada Landsat Disturbance (CanLaD): a Canada-wide Landsat-based 30-m resolution product of fire and harvest detection and attribution since 1984, https://doi.org/10.23687/add1346b-f632-4eb9-a83d-a662b38655ad (accessed July 20, 2020), Data files downloaded from https://opendata.nfis.org/mapserver/nfis-change_eng.html (accessed July 20, 2020); Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 2020, Annual Crop Inventory, 2014-2016, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/ba2645d5-4458-414d-b196-6303ac06c1c9 (accessed December 3, 2020); Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation (CCMEO), 2020, 2010 and 2015 Land Cover of North America at 30 metres, Ed. 2.0, Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC), North American Land Change Monitoring System, http://www.cec.org/north-american-environmental-atlas/land-cover-2010-landsat-30m/ (accessed December 3, 2020); AAFC, 2016, Interpolated Census of Agriculture, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/1dee8513-5c73-43b6-9446-25f7b985cd00 (accessed December 9, 2020); AAFC, 2015, Land Use, 2010, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/18e3ef1a-497c-40c6-8326-aac1a34a0dec (accessed June 1, 2020); Baldwin, K., et. al., 2018, Vegetation Zones of Canada: a Biogeoclimatic Perspective [Map], Scale 1:5,000,000, NRCan, Canadian Forest Service, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/22b0166b-9db3-46b7-9baf-6584a3acc7b1 (accessed October 26, 2020); Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2020, CRF Tables, Canada's National Inventory Submissions 2018 to the UNFCCC, https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/transparency-and-reporting/reporting-and-review-under-the-convention/greenhouse-gas-inventories-annex-i-parties/submissions/national-inventory-submissions-2018#fn1 (accessed April 30, 2020).
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