Table 2.5
Marine and coastal terrain ruggedness, slope and substrate, by marine ecoregion and depth class (Part 1 and 2)


Table 2.5
Marine and coastal terrain ruggedness, slope and substrate, by marine ecoregion and depth class (Part 1)
Table summary
This table displays the results of Marine and coastal terrain ruggedness. The information is grouped by Marine ecoregion and depth class (appearing as row headers), Terrain ruggedness, Slope percentage, Level (0 to 80), Nearly level (81 to 116), Slightly rugged (117 to 161), Intermediately rugged (162 to 239), Moderately to extremely rugged (240 to 4,367), Level (0 to 0.5), Undulating (0.5 to 5), Rolling (5 to 30) and Hilly (Greater than 30), calculated using km2 units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Marine ecoregion and depth class Terrain ruggednessTable 2.5 Note 1 Slope percentageTable 2.5 Note 2
Level
(0 to 80)		 Nearly level
(81 to 116)		 Slightly rugged
(117 to 161)		 Intermediately rugged
(162 to 239)		 Moderately to extremely rugged
(240 to 4,367)		 Level
(0 to 0.5)		 Undulating
(0.5 to 5)		 Rolling
(5 to 30)		 Hilly
(Greater than 30)
km2
Strait of Georgia
Coastal 1,464 510 417 355 528 238 1,312 1,604 119
Epipelagic 1,389 605 450 332 397 17 1,419 1,684 53
Mesopelagic 1,776 304 149 88 205 34 1,714 678 97
Bathypelagic 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2
Southern Shelf
Coastal 3,313 229 166 197 225 606 2,782 723 21
Epipelagic 10,722 200 98 66 90 3,895 6,886 392 3
Mesopelagic 1,368 915 924 874 502 39 1,297 3,207 41
Bathypelagic 2,989 1,401 1,291 1,371 1,216 81 3,010 5,043 133
Offshore Pacific
Coastal 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 3 0
Epipelagic 0 1 1 7 6 0 0 15 0
Mesopelagic 14 10 14 28 145 0 20 135 56
Bathypelagic 260,078 19,287 12,601 11,458 12,071 52,160 210,975 50,703 1,657
Northern Shelf
Coastal 16,368 1,538 1,341 1,523 2,650 8,134 8,834 6,077 378
Epipelagic 34,432 1,971 1,092 910 1,333 8,747 26,060 4,747 183
Mesopelagic 17,478 1,944 1,842 1,763 2,083 4,714 12,761 7,290 343
Bathypelagic 3,562 2,120 2,237 2,826 2,316 29 3,499 9,249 282
Arctic Basin
Coastal 130 8 2 1 0 14 117 10 0
Epipelagic 12,955 108 40 14 0 4,580 8,370 167 0
Mesopelagic 216,406 5,750 1,934 632 80 83,661 131,504 9,638 0
Bathypelagic 481,786 18,843 8,026 3,896 1,440 109,235 369,028 35,653 75
Western Arctic
Coastal 175,799 1,112 492 292 129 123,568 51,974 2,280 2
Epipelagic 187,044 1,776 447 165 40 89,912 96,642 2,919 0
Mesopelagic 170,974 1,130 314 71 8 84,445 86,289 1,763 0
Arctic Archipelago
Coastal 35,875 2,571 1,741 1,656 1,895 7,504 27,684 8,192 359
Epipelagic 84,291 4,243 1,988 1,013 425 15,945 66,576 9,406 32
Mesopelagic 125,709 4,247 1,847 1,003 292 31,358 92,015 9,712 14
Eastern Arctic
Coastal 60,239 4,924 3,675 3,656 4,656 17,494 42,395 16,318 941
Epipelagic 145,499 4,479 2,237 1,545 1,139 49,809 94,168 10,728 194
Mesopelagic 339,700 11,467 6,471 3,400 1,734 136,062 200,213 26,160 338
Bathypelagic 184,388 2,452 728 225 26 58,270 124,735 4,814 0
Hudson Bay Complex
Coastal 340,711 1,550 683 360 82 266,025 74,862 2,497 1
Epipelagic 758,450 779 309 100 15 596,649 161,593 1,411 0
Mesopelagic 140,566 792 173 63 11 62,041 78,370 1,195 0
Newfoundland-Labrador Shelves
Coastal 41,944 3,445 2,149 1,481 974 12,012 30,791 7,104 87
Epipelagic 343,377 4,081 1,757 977 339 222,157 121,774 6,598 3
Mesopelagic 267,163 9,491 6,199 3,676 1,213 116,714 150,599 20,371 58
Bathypelagic 305,044 21,486 10,286 5,615 2,547 34,129 271,198 39,349 303
Abyssalpelagic 7,445 583 250 102 30 182 7,265 964 0
Scotian Shelf
Coastal 25,671 212 62 18 1 11,707 13,982 275 0
Epipelagic 144,773 934 222 46 9 71,910 72,950 1,124 0
Mesopelagic 20,284 2,189 1,980 2,318 1,506 8,219 12,024 7,952 81
Bathypelagic 73,622 10,707 6,786 6,241 4,781 406 73,374 28,228 128
Abyssalpelagic 113,773 266 69 13 2 28,400 85,405 318 0
Gulf of St. Lawrence
Coastal 61,752 893 401 284 174 38,939 22,932 1,625 7
Epipelagic 105,949 845 240 118 30 49,461 56,598 1,124 0
Mesopelagic 75,729 190 31 5 4 37,681 38,080 198 0
Note 1

Terrain ruggedness calculated using the method in Riley, Shawn J., et al., 1999, "A terrain ruggedness index that quantifies topographic heterogeneity," Intermountain Journal of Sciences, Vol. 5, no. 1-4.

Return to note 1 referrer

Note 2

Slope was calculated from the bathymetry using ArcGis, slope classifications match broader class from http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/esd/distdata/ecosystems/Soil_Data/Legends/SlopeClassLegend.pdf

Return to note 2 referrer

Note: Areas classed as coastal have a maximum depth of 50 m, the epipelagic class has depths from 50 m to 200 m, the mesopelagic class has depths from 200 m to 1,000 m, the bathypelagic class has depths of 1 km to 4 km and the abyssalpelagic class includes all areas with depths of more than 4 km.
Sources: GEBCO Compilation Group, 2015, GEBCO_2014 Grid, version 20150318, https://www.gebco.net/ (accessed December 5, 2018); Gregr, E. J., J. Lessard and J. Harper, 2013, "Pacific data from A spatial framework for representing nearshore ecosystems," Progress in Oceanography, Vol. 1153, p. 189-201; B.C. Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, 1979, Benthic Marine Ecounits - Coastal Resource Information Management System (CRIMS), GeoBC, https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/benthic-marine-ecounits-coastal-resource-information-management-system-crims (accessed August 19, 2019); Loring, D. H. and D. J. G. Nota, 1973, "Morphology and sediments of the Gulf of St. Lawrence," Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., Vol. 182, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8c269a91-d3a2-4f49-943d-6b2401c42cba (accessed November 20, 2019).

Table 2.5
Marine and coastal terrain ruggedness, slope and substrate, by marine ecoregion and depth class (Part 2)
Table summary
This table displays the results of Marine and coastal terrain ruggedness. The information is grouped by Marine ecoregion and depth class (appearing as row headers), Substrate type, Soft, Mixed, Hard and Unavailable, calculated using km2 units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Marine ecoregion and depth class Substrate typeTable 2.5 Note 3
Soft Mixed Hard UnavailableTable 2.5 Note 4
km2
Strait of Georgia
Coastal 1,129 1,413 555 177
Epipelagic 387 2,347 416 24
Mesopelagic 28 2,440 52 2
Bathypelagic 0 2 0 0
Southern Shelf
Coastal 1,295 1,527 1,148 162
Epipelagic 7,591 1,582 1,815 189
Mesopelagic 1,430 102 4 3,047
Bathypelagic 6 Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 8,262
Offshore Pacific
Coastal Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 3
Epipelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 15
Mesopelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 211
Bathypelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 224 315,271
Northern Shelf
Coastal 10,520 5,053 6,276 1,575
Epipelagic 20,572 5,501 12,989 675
Mesopelagic 7,872 3,131 8,527 5,578
Bathypelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 74 12,986
Arctic Basin
Coastal Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 142
Epipelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 13,117
Mesopelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 224,802
Bathypelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 513,992
Western Arctic
Coastal Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 177,824
Epipelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 189,473
Mesopelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 172,497
Arctic Archipelago
Coastal Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 43,739
Epipelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 91,959
Mesopelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 133,099
Eastern Arctic
Coastal Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 77,149
Epipelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 154,899
Mesopelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 362,773
Bathypelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 187,819
Hudson Bay Complex
Coastal Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 343,386
Epipelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 759,653
Mesopelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 141,606
Newfoundland-Labrador Shelves
Coastal 1 Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 49,993
Epipelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 350,532
Mesopelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 287,743
Bathypelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 344,977
Abyssalpelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 8,410
Scotian Shelf
Coastal Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 25,964
Epipelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 145,984
Mesopelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 28,277
Bathypelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 102,137
Abyssalpelagic Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period Note .: not available for any reference period 114,123
Gulf of St. Lawrence
Coastal 27,537 14,960 6,665 14,342
Epipelagic 43,424 17,349 40,033 6,378
Mesopelagic 3,610 901 66,106 5,342
. not available for any reference period
Note 3

Data was not obtained for Atlantic and Arctic regions with the exception of the Gulf of St Lawrence. Classification of sediment substrate differed between sources—sediment for the Gulf of St. Lawrence was redefined as follows: sand sediment as soft, pelite and glacial drift as hard, and everything else as mixed.

Return to note 3 referrer

Note 4

Low-resolution maps that do not include the required level of detail exist; other data sets may be available for smaller regions, but were not obtained.

Return to note 4 referrer

Note: Areas classed as coastal have a maximum depth of 50 m, the epipelagic class has depths from 50 m to 200 m, the mesopelagic class has depths from 200 m to 1,000 m, the bathypelagic class has depths of 1 km to 4 km and the abyssalpelagic class includes all areas with depths of more than 4 km.
Sources: GEBCO Compilation Group, 2015, GEBCO_2014 Grid, version 20150318, https://www.gebco.net/ (accessed December 5, 2018); Gregr, E. J., J. Lessard and J. Harper, 2013, "Pacific data from A spatial framework for representing nearshore ecosystems," Progress in Oceanography, Vol. 1153, p. 189-201; Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, 1979, Benthic Marine Ecounits - Coastal Resource Information Management System (CRIMS), GeoBC, https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/benthic-marine-ecounits-coastal-resource-information-management-system-crims (accessed August 19, 2019); Loring, D. H. and D. J. G. Nota, 1973, "Morphology and sediments of the Gulf of St. Lawrence," Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., Vol. 182, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8c269a91-d3a2-4f49-943d-6b2401c42cba (accessed November 20, 2019).
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