Table 2.1
Terrestrial and freshwater ecosystem extent, by type and ecoprovince (Part 1, 2 and 3)
Ecoprovince | Code | Total area | Total area | Peatland | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Land | Freshwater | ||||
km2 | |||||
Canada | Note ...: not applicable | 9,978,923 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1,135,608 |
Total, area outside Ecological Land Classification | Note ...: not applicable | 99,176 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Total, Ecological Land Classification | Note ...: not applicable | 9,879,747 | 8,644,654 | 1,235,093 | 1,135,608 |
Northern Arctic Cordillera | 1.1 | 113,667 | 112,625 | 1,041 | 0 |
Southern Arctic Cordillera | 1.2 | 129,758 | 123,306 | 6,452 | 146 |
Sverdrup Islands | 2.1 | 65,520 | 62,650 | 2,870 | 0 |
Ellesmere Basin | 2.2 | 129,117 | 124,957 | 4,159 | 0 |
Victoria Lowlands | 2.3 | 429,668 | 370,563 | 59,105 | 916 |
Parry Channel Plateau | 2.4 | 134,422 | 129,945 | 4,477 | 2 |
Boothia–Foxe Shield | 2.5 | 546,492 | 472,764 | 73,727 | 2,285 |
Baffin Uplands | 2.6 | 131,350 | 119,793 | 11,558 | 0 |
Foxe–Boothia Lowlands | 2.7 | 80,387 | 67,263 | 13,125 | 1,245 |
Amundsen Lowlands | 3.1 | 308,466 | 254,569 | 53,897 | 12,180 |
Keewatin Lowlands | 3.2 | 383,489 | 304,554 | 78,935 | 2,661 |
Ungava–Belcher | 3.3 | 158,527 | 122,042 | 36,485 | 813 |
Mackenzie Foothills | 4.1 | 86,572 | 83,262 | 3,311 | 5,872 |
Great Bear Lowlands | 4.2 | 340,206 | 265,135 | 75,071 | 73,989 |
Hay–Slave Lowlands | 4.3 | 235,507 | 214,896 | 20,612 | 88,301 |
Western Taiga Shield | 5.1 | 635,379 | 470,061 | 165,319 | 63,869 |
Eastern Taiga | 5.2 | 394,475 | 311,732 | 82,742 | 26,967 |
Labrador Uplands | 5.3 | 250,152 | 202,643 | 47,508 | 37,027 |
Whale River Lowland | 5.4 | 114,641 | 95,599 | 19,042 | 9,350 |
Western Boreal Shield | 6.1 | 524,821 | 426,918 | 97,904 | 140,863 |
Mid-Boreal Shield | 6.2 | 500,600 | 433,169 | 67,431 | 106,239 |
Eastern Boreal Shield | 6.3 | 354,666 | 310,752 | 43,914 | 24,827 |
Newfoundland | 6.4 | 111,239 | 98,981 | 12,258 | 22,674 |
Lake of the Woods | 6.5 | 71,646 | 59,817 | 11,829 | 11,971 |
Southern Boreal Shield | 6.6 | 319,993 | 282,250 | 37,743 | 13,360 |
Appalachian–Acadian Highlands | 7.1 | 94,951 | 92,222 | 2,729 | 2,115 |
Northumberland Lowlands | 7.2 | 35,629 | 34,390 | 1,239 | 2,704 |
Fundy Uplands | 7.3 | 71,086 | 67,191 | 3,894 | 6,559 |
Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Lowlands | 8.1 | 88,174 | 83,385 | 4,789 | 3,633 |
Huron–Erie Plains | 8.2 | 24,724 | 24,139 | 585 | 308 |
Boreal Foothills | 9.1 | 124,690 | 122,257 | 2,433 | 15,631 |
Central Boreal Plains | 9.2 | 483,992 | 450,567 | 33,425 | 96,469 |
Eastern Boreal Plains | 9.3 | 130,770 | 89,071 | 41,700 | 27,680 |
Eastern Prairies | 10.1 | 32,872 | 28,955 | 3,916 | 128 |
Parkland Prairies | 10.2 | 177,448 | 167,605 | 9,844 | 333 |
Central Grassland | 10.3 | 254,376 | 242,144 | 12,232 | 0 |
Northern Yukon Mountains | 11.1 | 26,893 | 26,442 | 450 | 71 |
Old Crow–Eagle Plains | 11.2 | 20,760 | 18,925 | 1,835 | 1,713 |
Ogilvie Mountains | 11.3 | 60,089 | 59,018 | 1,070 | 1,770 |
Mackenzie–Selwyn Mountains | 11.4 | 159,487 | 156,172 | 3,314 | 383 |
Wrangel Mountains | 12.1 | 24,471 | 23,830 | 641 | 0 |
Northern Boreal Cordillera | 12.2 | 239,038 | 229,570 | 9,469 | 5,310 |
Southern Boreal Cordillera | 12.3 | 168,162 | 159,889 | 8,273 | 1,105 |
Western Boreal Cordillera | 12.4 | 38,797 | 37,597 | 1,200 | 160 |
Georgia Depression | 13.1 | 19,470 | 18,429 | 1,040 | 465 |
Southern Coastal Mountains | 13.2 | 158,751 | 151,029 | 7,722 | 6,142 |
Northern Coastal Mountains | 13.3 | 31,881 | 30,944 | 937 | 488 |
Northern Montane Cordillera | 14.1 | 141,283 | 133,129 | 8,154 | 5,225 |
Central Montane Cordillera | 14.2 | 106,009 | 100,245 | 5,764 | 5,658 |
Southern Montane Cordillera | 14.3 | 59,034 | 56,469 | 2,566 | 348 |
Columbia Montane Cordillera | 14.4 | 180,331 | 172,464 | 7,867 | 698 |
Hudson Bay Coastal Plains | 15.1 | 64,090 | 56,965 | 7,124 | 44,221 |
Hudson–James Lowlands | 15.2 | 311,730 | 291,363 | 20,368 | 260,735 |
.. not available for a specific reference period ... not applicable Notes: This table presents land cover and land use data at the ecoprovince level of the Ecological Land Classification (ELC) as a proxy for an ecosystem type classification. Ecosystem extent estimates are compiled using numerous sources based on satellite imagery, ground and photo plots and soil and respondent surveys. Source data are available at different resolutions, with varying levels of uncertainty. Data have been derived by rescaling and/or averaging across years to provide the best estimate for the time period. While these estimates provide information on the extent of Canadian ecosystems at a point in time, unless otherwise noted, they are not suitable for assessing change. Areas outside the ELC include the Canadian portion of the Great Lakes and other residual areas along shorelines. Other natural and semi-natural area is unclassified area calculated based on subtraction of all other ecosystem type classes from the total area of Canada. For more information about definitions, sources and methods, see Appendix A. Sources: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 2013, Terrestrial Ecoprovinces of Canada, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/98fa7335-fbfe-4289-9a0e-d6bf3874b424 (accessed December 2, 2020); Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), 2014, Atlas of Canada National Scale Data 1:1,000,000 – Waterbodies, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/e9931fc7-034c-52ad-91c5-6c64d4ba0065 (accessed December 9, 2020); NRCan, Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation (CCMEO), 2018, Lakes, Rivers and Glaciers in Canada – CanVec Series – Hydrographic Features, 50K, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/9d96e8c9-22fe-4ad2-b5e8-94a6991b744b (accessed December 2, 2020); Tarnocai, C., I.M. Kettles and B. Lacelle, 2011, Peatlands of Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/starweb/geoscan/servlet.starweb?path=geoscan/fulle.web&search1=R=288786 (accessed March 16, 2020); National Forest Inventory, 2021, First remeasurement standard reports, (2007-2017): Table 4.1. Area (1000 ha) of forest and non-forest land by terrestrial ecozone in Canada, https://nfi.nfis.org/resources/general/summaries/t1/en/NFI/html/NFI_T4_FOR_AREA_en.html (accessed August 13, 2021); Beaudoin, A., et al., 2017, Species composition, forest properties and land cover types across Canada's forests at 250 m resolution for 2001 and 2011, NRCan, Canadian Forest Service (CFS), Laurentian Forestry Centre, https://doi.org/10.23687/ec9e2659-1c29-4ddb-87a2-6aced147a990 (accessed March 31, 2019); Brandt, J.P., 2009, “The extent of the North American boreal zone,” Environmental Reviews, Vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 101-161, http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications/?id=29569 (accessed June 15, 2017); AAFC, 2020, Annual Crop Inventory, 2014-2016, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/ba2645d5-4458-414d-b196-6303ac06c1c9 (accessed December 3, 2020); NRCan, CCMEO, 2020, 2010 and 2015 Land Cover of North America at 30 metres, Ed. 2.0, Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC), North American Land Change Monitoring System, http://www.cec.org/north-american-land-change-monitoring-system/ (accessed December 9, 2020); AAFC, 2016, Interpolated Census of Agriculture, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/1dee8513-5c73-43b6-9446-25f7b985cd00 (accessed December 3, 2020); Baldwin, K., et al., 2018, Vegetation Zones of Canada: a Biogeoclimatic Perspective [Map], Scale 1:5,000,000, NRCan, CFS, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/22b0166b-9db3-46b7-9baf-6584a3acc7b1 (accessed October 26, 2020); AAFC, 2015, Land Use, 1990, 2000 & 2010, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/18e3ef1a-497c-40c6-8326-aac1a34a0dec (accessed June 1, 2020); Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2020, CRF Tables, Canada's National Inventory Submissions 2018 to the UNFCCC, https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/transparency-and-reporting/reporting-and-review-under-the-convention/greenhouse-gas-inventories-annex-i-parties/submissions/national-inventory-submissions-2018#fn1 (accessed April 30, 2020). |
Ecoprovince | Code | Ecosystem types - Natural and semi-natural area | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forest, 2017 | Grassland and natural pasture, 2015 | Arctic tundra, 2015 | Permanent snow and ice, 2015 | Other natural and semi-natural area | ||||
Total | Boreal | Non-boreal | ||||||
km2 | ||||||||
Canada | Note ...: not applicable | 3,635,411 | 2,791,877 | 843,534 | 403,745 | 2,468,836 | 210,305 | 2,761,975 |
Total, area outside Ecological Land Classification | Note ...: not applicable | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 99,176 |
Total, Ecological Land Classification | Note ...: not applicable | 3,635,411 | 2,791,877 | 843,534 | 403,745 | 2,468,836 | 210,305 | 2,662,799 |
Northern Arctic Cordillera | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19,246 | 94,420 | 0 |
Southern Arctic Cordillera | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92,517 | 37,234 | 0 |
Sverdrup Islands | 2.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65,068 | 451 | 0 |
Ellesmere Basin | 2.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 119,727 | 9,387 | 0 |
Victoria Lowlands | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 428,375 | 1,260 | 0 |
Parry Channel Plateau | 2.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 127,563 | 6,851 | 0 |
Boothia–Foxe Shield | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 545,428 | 1,041 | 0 |
Baffin Uplands | 2.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 123,828 | 7,521 | 0 |
Foxe–Boothia Lowlands | 2.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80,245 | 129 | 0 |
Amundsen Lowlands | 3.1 | 8,038 | 8,038 | 0 | 37 | 230,209 | 2 | 70,114 |
Keewatin Lowlands | 3.2 | 6,403 | 6,403 | 0 | 60 | 367,826 | 1 | 9,174 |
Ungava–Belcher | 3.3 | 1,619 | 1,619 | 0 | 17 | 156,886 | 0 | 0 |
Mackenzie Foothills | 4.1 | 42,063 | 42,063 | 0 | 8,761 | 8 | 23 | 35,689 |
Great Bear Lowlands | 4.2 | 132,081 | 132,081 | 0 | 12,654 | 582 | 83 | 194,651 |
Hay–Slave Lowlands | 4.3 | 178,366 | 178,366 | 0 | 2,402 | 0 | 0 | 54,247 |
Western Taiga Shield | 5.1 | 193,371 | 193,371 | 0 | 47,673 | 51,219 | 0 | 343,076 |
Eastern Taiga | 5.2 | 128,427 | 128,427 | 0 | 7,292 | 7,275 | 0 | 251,310 |
Labrador Uplands | 5.3 | 125,150 | 125,150 | 0 | 4,032 | 15,737 | 140 | 104,987 |
Whale River Lowland | 5.4 | 38,761 | 38,761 | 0 | 495 | 17,966 | 17 | 57,381 |
Western Boreal Shield | 6.1 | 313,868 | 313,868 | 0 | 36,136 | 0 | 0 | 174,316 |
Mid-Boreal Shield | 6.2 | 373,393 | 370,317 | 3,076 | 9,415 | 0 | 0 | 115,236 |
Eastern Boreal Shield | 6.3 | 250,497 | 243,829 | 6,668 | 7,614 | 0 | 0 | 93,958 |
Newfoundland | 6.4 | 67,410 | 67,410 | 0 | 3,121 | 0 | 0 | 39,351 |
Lake of the Woods | 6.5 | 51,186 | 13,321 | 37,865 | 619 | 0 | 0 | 17,346 |
Southern Boreal Shield | 6.6 | 268,746 | 80,952 | 187,793 | 2,889 | 0 | 0 | 40,229 |
Appalachian–Acadian Highlands | 7.1 | 83,129 | 14,327 | 68,802 | 4,488 | 0 | 0 | 345 |
Northumberland Lowlands | 7.2 | 27,222 | 0 | 27,222 | 2,190 | 0 | 0 | 2,197 |
Fundy Uplands | 7.3 | 56,100 | 0 | 56,100 | 2,395 | 0 | 0 | 7,690 |
Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Lowlands | 8.1 | 31,396 | 0 | 31,396 | 13,427 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Huron–Erie Plains | 8.2 | 2,634 | 0 | 2,634 | 2,539 | 0 | 0 | 493 |
Boreal Foothills | 9.1 | 97,869 | 96,242 | 1,626 | 2,334 | 0 | 0 | 20,583 |
Central Boreal Plains | 9.2 | 283,486 | 281,001 | 2,486 | 17,030 | 0 | 0 | 105,657 |
Eastern Boreal Plains | 9.3 | 59,165 | 56,145 | 3,020 | 6,199 | 0 | 0 | 57,966 |
Eastern Prairies | 10.1 | 2,870 | 151 | 2,720 | 5,625 | 0 | 0 | 5,370 |
Parkland Prairies | 10.2 | 6,779 | 368 | 6,411 | 23,014 | 0 | 0 | 25,198 |
Central Grassland | 10.3 | 5,590 | 0 | 5,590 | 78,771 | 0 | 0 | 9,813 |
Northern Yukon Mountains | 11.1 | 1,661 | 1,661 | 0 | 1,017 | 16,162 | 1 | 8,049 |
Old Crow–Eagle Plains | 11.2 | 5,327 | 5,327 | 0 | 502 | 2,971 | 0 | 11,954 |
Ogilvie Mountains | 11.3 | 20,283 | 20,283 | 0 | 14,971 | 0 | 6 | 24,771 |
Mackenzie–Selwyn Mountains | 11.4 | 36,730 | 36,730 | 0 | 25,355 | 0 | 501 | 96,869 |
Wrangel Mountains | 12.1 | 1,639 | 1,388 | 251 | 928 | 0 | 10,720 | 11,183 |
Northern Boreal Cordillera | 12.2 | 111,315 | 111,173 | 143 | 22,168 | 0 | 102 | 105,145 |
Southern Boreal Cordillera | 12.3 | 59,178 | 58,485 | 692 | 11,040 | 0 | 2,534 | 95,331 |
Western Boreal Cordillera | 12.4 | 13,768 | 13,768 | 0 | 6,161 | 0 | 2 | 18,810 |
Georgia Depression | 13.1 | 14,398 | 0 | 14,398 | 106 | 0 | 46 | 1,775 |
Southern Coastal Mountains | 13.2 | 95,757 | 0 | 95,757 | 1,379 | 0 | 13,543 | 47,589 |
Northern Coastal Mountains | 13.3 | 6,205 | 369 | 5,837 | 129 | 0 | 14,363 | 11,173 |
Northern Montane Cordillera | 14.1 | 99,065 | 21,055 | 78,010 | 1,646 | 0 | 1,744 | 37,843 |
Central Montane Cordillera | 14.2 | 71,038 | 0 | 71,038 | 3,123 | 0 | 1,129 | 28,967 |
Southern Montane Cordillera | 14.3 | 39,457 | 0 | 39,457 | 1,759 | 0 | 456 | 15,378 |
Columbia Montane Cordillera | 14.4 | 108,050 | 13,507 | 94,543 | 3,835 | 0 | 6,598 | 60,214 |
Hudson Bay Coastal Plains | 15.1 | 12,758 | 12,758 | 0 | 2,632 | 0 | 0 | 48,681 |
Hudson–James Lowlands | 15.2 | 103,162 | 103,162 | 0 | 5,765 | 0 | 0 | 202,695 |
.. not available for a specific reference period ... not applicable Notes: This table presents land cover and land use data at the ecoprovince level of the Ecological Land Classification (ELC) as a proxy for an ecosystem type classification. Ecosystem extent estimates are compiled using numerous sources based on satellite imagery, ground and photo plots and soil and respondent surveys. Source data are available at different resolutions, with varying levels of uncertainty. Data have been derived by rescaling and/or averaging across years to provide the best estimate for the time period. While these estimates provide information on the extent of Canadian ecosystems at a point in time, unless otherwise noted, they are not suitable for assessing change. Areas outside the ELC include the Canadian portion of the Great Lakes and other residual areas along shorelines. Other natural and semi-natural area is unclassified area calculated based on subtraction of all other ecosystem type classes from the total area of Canada. For more information about definitions, sources and methods, see Appendix A. Sources: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 2013, Terrestrial Ecoprovinces of Canada, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/98fa7335-fbfe-4289-9a0e-d6bf3874b424 (accessed December 2, 2020); Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), 2014, Atlas of Canada National Scale Data 1:1,000,000 – Waterbodies, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/e9931fc7-034c-52ad-91c5-6c64d4ba0065 (accessed December 9, 2020); NRCan, Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation (CCMEO), 2018, Lakes, Rivers and Glaciers in Canada – CanVec Series – Hydrographic Features, 50K, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/9d96e8c9-22fe-4ad2-b5e8-94a6991b744b (accessed December 2, 2020); Tarnocai, C., I.M. Kettles and B. Lacelle, 2011, Peatlands of Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/starweb/geoscan/servlet.starweb?path=geoscan/fulle.web&search1=R=288786 (accessed March 16, 2020); National Forest Inventory, 2021, First remeasurement standard reports, (2007-2017): Table 4.1. Area (1000 ha) of forest and non-forest land by terrestrial ecozone in Canada, https://nfi.nfis.org/resources/general/summaries/t1/en/NFI/html/NFI_T4_FOR_AREA_en.html (accessed August 13, 2021); Beaudoin, A., et al., 2017, Species composition, forest properties and land cover types across Canada's forests at 250 m resolution for 2001 and 2011, NRCan, Canadian Forest Service (CFS), Laurentian Forestry Centre, https://doi.org/10.23687/ec9e2659-1c29-4ddb-87a2-6aced147a990 (accessed March 31, 2019); Brandt, J.P., 2009, “The extent of the North American boreal zone,” Environmental Reviews, Vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 101-161, http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications/?id=29569 (accessed June 15, 2017); AAFC, 2020, Annual Crop Inventory, 2014-2016, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/ba2645d5-4458-414d-b196-6303ac06c1c9 (accessed December 3, 2020); NRCan, CCMEO, 2020, 2010 and 2015 Land Cover of North America at 30 metres, Ed. 2.0, Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC), North American Land Change Monitoring System, http://www.cec.org/north-american-land-change-monitoring-system/ (accessed December 9, 2020); AAFC, 2016, Interpolated Census of Agriculture, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/1dee8513-5c73-43b6-9446-25f7b985cd00 (accessed December 3, 2020); Baldwin, K., et al., 2018, Vegetation Zones of Canada: a Biogeoclimatic Perspective [Map], Scale 1:5,000,000, NRCan, CFS, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/22b0166b-9db3-46b7-9baf-6584a3acc7b1 (accessed October 26, 2020); AAFC, 2015, Land Use, 1990, 2000 & 2010, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/18e3ef1a-497c-40c6-8326-aac1a34a0dec (accessed June 1, 2020); Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2020, CRF Tables, Canada's National Inventory Submissions 2018 to the UNFCCC, https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/transparency-and-reporting/reporting-and-review-under-the-convention/greenhouse-gas-inventories-annex-i-parties/submissions/national-inventory-submissions-2018#fn1 (accessed April 30, 2020). |
Ecoprovince | Code | Ecosystem types - Intensive use area | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arable | Built-up and artificial surfaces | ||||||
2001 | 2011 | 2016 | 2000 | 2010 | 2015 | ||
km2 | |||||||
Canada | Note ...: not applicable | 445,782 | 425,299 | 437,945 | 56,398 | 60,706 | 62,641 |
Total, area outside Ecological Land Classification | Note ...: not applicable | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Total, Ecological Land Classification | Note ...: not applicable | 445,782 | 425,299 | 437,945 | 56,398 | 60,706 | 62,641 |
Northern Arctic Cordillera | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Southern Arctic Cordillera | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 7 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Sverdrup Islands | 2.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Ellesmere Basin | 2.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Victoria Lowlands | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 34 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Parry Channel Plateau | 2.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 8 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Boothia–Foxe Shield | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 23 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Baffin Uplands | 2.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Foxe–Boothia Lowlands | 2.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 13 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Amundsen Lowlands | 3.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 | 67 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Keewatin Lowlands | 3.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 25 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Ungava–Belcher | 3.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Mackenzie Foothills | 4.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 30 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Great Bear Lowlands | 4.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155 | 155 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Hay–Slave Lowlands | 4.3 | 24 | 23 | 46 | 426 | 446 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Western Taiga Shield | 5.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39 | 41 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Eastern Taiga | 5.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 158 | 171 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Labrador Uplands | 5.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 105 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Whale River Lowland | 5.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 20 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Western Boreal Shield | 6.1 | 0 | 9 | 20 | 448 | 482 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Mid-Boreal Shield | 6.2 | 470 | 727 | 668 | 1,765 | 1,888 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Eastern Boreal Shield | 6.3 | 1,024 | 1,292 | 1,297 | 1,167 | 1,300 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Newfoundland | 6.4 | 60 | 64 | 96 | 1,222 | 1,261 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Lake of the Woods | 6.5 | 1,425 | 1,454 | 1,462 | 997 | 1,033 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Southern Boreal Shield | 6.6 | 3,040 | 3,331 | 3,236 | 4,096 | 4,893 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Appalachian–Acadian Highlands | 7.1 | 4,731 | 4,661 | 4,573 | 2,155 | 2,417 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Northumberland Lowlands | 7.2 | 2,284 | 2,322 | 2,403 | 1,501 | 1,619 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Fundy Uplands | 7.3 | 1,826 | 1,935 | 1,898 | 2,798 | 3,004 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Lowlands | 8.1 | 34,455 | 34,225 | 34,120 | 8,520 | 9,231 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Huron–Erie Plains | 8.2 | 14,244 | 13,806 | 14,287 | 4,562 | 4,771 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Boreal Foothills | 9.1 | 3,125 | 3,328 | 3,014 | 868 | 890 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Central Boreal Plains | 9.2 | 76,759 | 71,507 | 72,254 | 4,827 | 5,566 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Eastern Boreal Plains | 9.3 | 7,102 | 6,582 | 6,584 | 838 | 857 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Eastern Prairies | 10.1 | 18,417 | 17,073 | 17,655 | 1,308 | 1,352 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Parkland Prairies | 10.2 | 119,471 | 109,291 | 116,106 | 6,180 | 6,351 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Central Grassland | 10.3 | 153,373 | 149,081 | 153,674 | 6,372 | 6,528 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Northern Yukon Mountains | 11.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Old Crow–Eagle Plains | 11.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 8 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Ogilvie Mountains | 11.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | 58 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Mackenzie–Selwyn Mountains | 11.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 31 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Wrangel Mountains | 12.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Northern Boreal Cordillera | 12.2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 302 | 303 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Southern Boreal Cordillera | 12.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 | 79 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Western Boreal Cordillera | 12.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | 54 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Georgia Depression | 13.1 | 854 | 870 | 967 | 2,039 | 2,178 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Southern Coastal Mountains | 13.2 | 34 | 49 | 115 | 346 | 367 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Northern Coastal Mountains | 13.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 11 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Northern Montane Cordillera | 14.1 | 534 | 667 | 491 | 454 | 493 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Central Montane Cordillera | 14.2 | 896 | 1,173 | 1,315 | 413 | 437 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Southern Montane Cordillera | 14.3 | 876 | 1,053 | 988 | 903 | 997 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Columbia Montane Cordillera | 14.4 | 757 | 779 | 672 | 883 | 961 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Hudson Bay Coastal Plains | 15.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 19 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Hudson–James Lowlands | 15.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 108 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
.. not available for a specific reference period ... not applicable Notes: This table presents land cover and land use data at the ecoprovince level of the Ecological Land Classification (ELC) as a proxy for an ecosystem type classification. Ecosystem extent estimates are compiled using numerous sources based on satellite imagery, ground and photo plots and soil and respondent surveys. Source data are available at different resolutions, with varying levels of uncertainty. Data have been derived by rescaling and/or averaging across years to provide the best estimate for the time period. While these estimates provide information on the extent of Canadian ecosystems at a point in time, unless otherwise noted, they are not suitable for assessing change. Areas outside the ELC include the Canadian portion of the Great Lakes and other residual areas along shorelines. Other natural and semi-natural area is unclassified area calculated based on subtraction of all other ecosystem type classes from the total area of Canada. For more information about definitions, sources and methods, see Appendix A. Sources: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 2013, Terrestrial Ecoprovinces of Canada, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/98fa7335-fbfe-4289-9a0e-d6bf3874b424 (accessed December 2, 2020); Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), 2014, Atlas of Canada National Scale Data 1:1,000,000 – Waterbodies, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/e9931fc7-034c-52ad-91c5-6c64d4ba0065 (accessed December 9, 2020); NRCan, Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation (CCMEO), 2018, Lakes, Rivers and Glaciers in Canada – CanVec Series – Hydrographic Features, 50K, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/9d96e8c9-22fe-4ad2-b5e8-94a6991b744b (accessed December 2, 2020); Tarnocai, C., I.M. Kettles and B. Lacelle, 2011, Peatlands of Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/starweb/geoscan/servlet.starweb?path=geoscan/fulle.web&search1=R=288786 (accessed March 16, 2020); National Forest Inventory, 2021, First remeasurement standard reports, (2007-2017): Table 4.1. Area (1000 ha) of forest and non-forest land by terrestrial ecozone in Canada, https://nfi.nfis.org/resources/general/summaries/t1/en/NFI/html/NFI_T4_FOR_AREA_en.html (accessed August 13, 2021); Beaudoin, A., et al., 2017, Species composition, forest properties and land cover types across Canada's forests at 250 m resolution for 2001 and 2011, NRCan, Canadian Forest Service (CFS), Laurentian Forestry Centre, https://doi.org/10.23687/ec9e2659-1c29-4ddb-87a2-6aced147a990 (accessed March 31, 2019); Brandt, J.P., 2009, “The extent of the North American boreal zone,” Environmental Reviews, Vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 101-161, http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications/?id=29569 (accessed June 15, 2017); AAFC, 2020, Annual Crop Inventory, 2014-2016, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/ba2645d5-4458-414d-b196-6303ac06c1c9 (accessed December 3, 2020); NRCan, CCMEO, 2020, 2010 and 2015 Land Cover of North America at 30 metres, Ed. 2.0, Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC), North American Land Change Monitoring System, http://www.cec.org/north-american-land-change-monitoring-system/ (accessed December 9, 2020); AAFC, 2016, Interpolated Census of Agriculture, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/1dee8513-5c73-43b6-9446-25f7b985cd00 (accessed December 3, 2020); Baldwin, K., et al., 2018, Vegetation Zones of Canada: a Biogeoclimatic Perspective [Map], Scale 1:5,000,000, NRCan, CFS, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/22b0166b-9db3-46b7-9baf-6584a3acc7b1 (accessed October 26, 2020); AAFC, 2015, Land Use, 1990, 2000 & 2010, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/18e3ef1a-497c-40c6-8326-aac1a34a0dec (accessed June 1, 2020); Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2020, CRF Tables, Canada's National Inventory Submissions 2018 to the UNFCCC, https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/transparency-and-reporting/reporting-and-review-under-the-convention/greenhouse-gas-inventories-annex-i-parties/submissions/national-inventory-submissions-2018#fn1 (accessed April 30, 2020). |
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