Notes

Zhang, X., R. Brown, L. Vincent, W. Skinner, Y. Feng and E. Mekis, 2011, “Canadian climate trends, 1950-2007,” Canadian Biodiversity: Ecosystem Status and Trends 2010, Technical Thematic Report No. 5, Canadian Councils of Resource Ministers, www.biodivcanada.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=137E1147-0 (accessed April 15, 2014).
Hewitt, J., T. Brierley, K. Chen, and H. Hill, 2008, Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Agricultural Land-Use Suitability: Spring Seeded Small Grains on the Prairie, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and Environment Canada, http://www4.agr.gc.ca/resources/prod/doc/pfra/pdf/assess_clim_chang_prairies_e.pdf (accessed April 15, 2014).
OURANOS, n.d. (no date), Vers l'adaptation aux changements climatiques, http://adaptation.ouranos.ca/en/ (accessed April 16, 2014).
Natural Resources Canada, 1981, “Canada – Growing Degree-Days,” The National Atlas of Canada, 5thEdition, http://geogratis.gc.ca/api/en/nrcan-rncan/ess-sst/610cd0b8-4791-5374-8245-a12a053bcd4a.html (accessed April 16, 2014).
Zhang, X., R. Brown, L. Vincent, W. Skinner, Y. Feng and E. Mekis, 2011, “Canadian climate trends, 1950-2007,” Canadian Biodiversity: Ecosystem Status and Trends 2010, Technical Thematic Report No. 5, Canadian Councils of Resource Ministers, www.biodivcanada.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=137E1147-0 (accessed April 15, 2014).
Statistics Canada, 2010, “Freshwater supply and demand in Canada,” Human Activity and the Environment, Catalogue no. 16-201-X.
Statistics Canada, 2010.
DSS Management Consultants Inc, 2010, Valuation of Ecological Goods & Services in Canada’s Natural Resources Sectors, Technical report submitted to Ecosystems and Biodiversity Priorities Division, Environment Canada.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2013, FAOSTAT, Resources, Fertilizers, http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/home/E (accessed April 16, 2014).
An industrial process to produce ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen.
The interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.
Cordell, D. and T.-S.S. Neset, 2014, “Phosphorus vulnerability: A qualitative framework for assessing the vulnerability of national and regional food systems to the multi-dimensional stressors of phosphorus scarcity,” Global Environmental Change, Vol. 24, pages 108 to 122.
Statistics Canada, 2012, Agricultural Ecumene Boundary File: Reference Guide, 2011 Census of Agriculture, Catalogue no. 92-639-G.
For geographic coverage, please see Map 1, Appendix H in Statistics Canada, 2013, “Measuring ecosystem goods and services in Canada,” Human Activity and the Environment, Catalogue no. 16-201-X.
The Canada Land Inventory (CLI) assessed the climate and soil characteristics of mineral soils in order to evaluate the limitations for field crop production. The potential capability of soils was emphasized over the existing land use. Note that the CLI Soil Capability Classification for Agriculture does not cover the entirety of the country.
Environment Canada, 1972, Canada Land Inventory: Soil Capability Classification for Agriculture, Report no. 2, Catalogue no. F063-2/1972.
Dependable agricultural land (Class 1 to 3) represents land with a high capability for sustained cultivated crop production. Class 4 land is marginal for crop production and requires the use of additional management or conservation practices, Class 5 is capable of permanent pasture and hay, Class 6 is suitable for natural pasture, and Class 7 is not suitable for cropping or permanent pasture. Environment Canada, 1972, Canada Land Inventory: Soil Capability Classification for Agriculture, Report no. 2, Catalogue no. F063-2/1972.
Settled area is based on Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada's (AAFC) 30 m land cover code for developed areas. Some northern areas only partially covered by the AAFC land cover (see Map 1, Appendix C in Statistics Canada, 2013, “Measuring ecosystem goods and services in Canada," Human Activity and the Environment, Catalogue no. 16-201-X for geographic coverage) were supplemented with estimates derived from Statistics Canada’s settlements data and AAFC’s 30 m land cover.
The Greater Golden Horseshoe is a 33,200 km2 area located to the west of Lake Ontario including the Greater Toronto Area. Please see Map 3.2 Statistics Canada, 2013, "Measuring ecosystem goods and services in Canada," Human Activity and the Environment, Catalogue no. 16-201-X.
Wang, J., 2004, “They’re tilling that field behind the mall,” Canadian Agriculture at a Glance, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 96-325-X.
Naturalizing landscapes have previously been modified from their natural state, but have been left undisturbed and are transitioning to a more natural land cover (e.g., cleared land reverting to wooded land). The new natural state may or may not be similar to the original land cover.
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