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Table 4.7Pollution prevention methods by industry

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Pollution prevention methods by industry
  Product design or reformulation Equipment or process modifications Recirculation, recovery, reuse or recycling Materials,feedstock or solvent substitution Improved management or purchasing techniques Prevention of leaks and spills Good operating practices or training Energy conservation Other
  percent 1
1995 10 32 64 33 .. 50 .. 37 5
Logging 0 25 31 6 .. 38 .. 19 6
Crude petroleum and natural gas 7 39 48 42 .. 71 .. 77 10
Mining 5 25 50 36 .. 59 .. 39 7
Electric power systems 18 27 73 82 .. 46 .. 73 18
Food 4 26 69 13 .. 51 .. 33 1
Beverage 13 33 75 17 .. 33 .. 46 4
Pulp and paper 11 46 44 16 .. 54 .. 25 3
Refined petroleum and coal products 8 0 39 15 .. 54 .. 46 0
Chemicals 20 37 69 41 .. 59 .. 30 8
Non-metallic mineral products 19 23 68 34 .. 49 .. 38 9
Primary metals 9 51 65 42 .. 42 .. 37 7
Pipeline transport and gas distribution systems 8 23 62 39 .. 69 .. 77 0
Other manufacturing 2 7 28 69 43 .. 42 .. 36 3
1996 11 31 66 37 .. 49 .. 42 8
Logging 4 4 46 17 .. 63 .. 25 0
Crude petroleum and natural gas 3 41 66 41 .. 79 .. 76 0
Mining 5 23 58 27 .. 49 .. 42 21
Electric power systems 12 24 77 59 .. 47 .. 82 6
Food and tobacco products 12 25 60 29 .. 52 .. 43 7
Beverage 13 43 83 15 .. 38 .. 43 5
Pulp and paper 5 41 47 27 .. 51 .. 37 13
Refined petroleum and coal products 13 13 50 19 .. 75 .. 44 13
Chemicals 20 36 71 43 .. 62 .. 30 17
Non-metallic mineral products 9 30 73 39 .. 42 .. 39 9
Primary metals 5 37 70 39 .. 49 .. 38 6
Transportation equipment 18 43 80 57 .. 51 .. 57 6
Pipeline transport and gas distribution systems 4 7 68 43 .. 75 .. 71 4
Other manufacturing 2 13 29 72 40 .. 39 .. 38 4
1997 15 24 64 37 .. 51 .. 42 10
Logging 9 3 34 14 .. 80 .. 6 6
Crude petroleum and natural gas 34 40 74 49 .. 94 .. 66 6
Mining 4 23 59 24 .. 50 .. 54 3
Electric power systems 7 20 53 53 .. 93 .. 73 13
Food and tobacco products 14 30 67 30 .. 63 .. 59 6
Beverage 25 18 57 21 .. 50 .. 32 14
Wood products 3 16 21 58 35 .. 61 .. 35 9
Pulp and paper 8 27 72 31 .. 58 .. 41 12
Refined petroleum and coal products 39 44 72 50 .. 78 .. 61 0
Chemicals 27 23 61 36 .. 69 .. 39 5
Non-metallic mineral products 12 25 75 31 .. 39 .. 33 8
Primary metals 11 43 70 37 .. 51 .. 54 2
Transportation equipment 19 32 64 56 .. 57 .. 56 5
Pipeline transport and gas distribution systems 17 11 50 44 .. 78 .. 72 11
Other manufacturing 2 12 18 63 41 .. 30 .. 33 18
1998 4 17 23 66 31 .. 59 .. 45 10
Logging 0 15 33 3 .. 82 .. 12 3
Oil and gas extraction 27 35 71 40 .. 88 .. 75 6
Mining 6 18 67 21 .. 53 .. 42 8
Electric power generation, transmission and distribution 13 22 65 52 .. 87 .. 74 4
Natural gas distribution 0 25 38 25 .. 75 .. 63 0
Food 13 26 72 34 .. 55 .. 61 3
Beverage and tobacco products 8 16 50 24 .. 63 .. 50 11
Wood products 3 23 25 62 22 .. 58 .. 40 12
Pulp, paper and paperboard mills 10 24 76 38 .. 73 .. 54 7
Petroleum and coal products 26 32 74 26 .. 79 .. 63 0
Chemicals 30 24 72 27 .. 71 .. 33 4
Non-metallic mineral products 18 20 67 27 .. 49 .. 51 9
Primary metals 14 28 82 31 .. 55 .. 54 6
Transportation equipment 21 25 69 51 .. 69 .. 56 9
Pipeline transportation 5 25 25 58 33 .. 92 .. 75 0
Other manufacturing 2 15 20 56 31 .. 39 .. 35 20
2000 6 24 48 67 34 42 73 79 .. 14
Logging 0 24 46 20 35 79 78 .. 28
Oil and gas extraction 18 86 76 36 58 96 91 .. 26
Mining 10 40 84 33 51 92 92 .. 18
Electric power generation, transmission and distribution 21 40 62 39 55 79 84 .. 19
Natural gas distribution 25 78 56 0 56 100 82 .. 0
Food 22 46 61 26 36 65 72 .. 12
Beverage and tobacco products 6 41 52 11 33 76 80 .. 10
Wood products 3 24 47 70 27 42 67 75 .. 17
Pulp, paper and paperboard mills 17 68 83 36 34 87 89 .. 16
Petroleum and coal products 48 54 76 34 44 91 94 .. 6
Chemicals 40 54 77 40 45 82 88 .. 15
Non-metallic mineral products 22 48 73 31 40 66 76 .. 22
Primary metals 16 57 76 34 33 78 80 .. 10
Fabricated metal products 7 13 39 60 29 34 68 77 .. 15
Transportation equipment 33 59 69 53 58 82 88 .. 22
Pipeline transportation 5 40 49 49 35 55 98 95 .. 11
Other manufacturing 2 26 40 56 37 41 55 67 .. 11
2002 6 22 49 65 31 37 70 74 .. 16
Logging 5 25 61 9 34 84 85 .. 19
Oil and gas extraction 30 77 71 42 48 92 91 .. 16
Mining 9 35 77 32 39 82 79 .. 34
Electric power generation, transmission and distribution 14 38 63 36 34 80 78 .. 16
Natural gas distribution 11 44 82 22 82 100 100 .. 33
Food 16 16 55 21 25 66 69 .. 17
Beverage and tobacco products 8 31 40 15 17 46 50 .. 9
Wood products 3 16 40 63 19 37 63 74 .. 22
Pulp, paper and paperboard mills 10 70 81 30 30 85 90 .. 21
Petroleum and coal products 39 63 72 47 43 85 84 .. 0
Chemicals 16 40 63 25 35 78 79 .. 13
Non-metallic mineral products 23 49 64 29 30 54 62 .. 16
Primary metals 12 51 73 32 25 70 70 .. 16
Fabricated metal products 7 14 49 64 33 41 66 73 .. 10
Transportation equipment 32 52 61 48 51 71 69 .. 24
Pipeline transportation 5 42 70 54 35 58 100 98 .. 0
Other manufacturing 2 29 48 62 38 43 59 66 .. 11
2004 6 20 47 62 28 36 67 69 .. 19
Logging 5 28 54 10 30 74 81 .. 12
Oil and gas extraction 23 71 71 25 39 88 86 .. 32
Mining 13 43 70 26 43 84 75 .. 25
Electric power generation, transmission and distribution 16 37 59 38 48 73 70 .. 25
Natural gas distribution 13 53 40 20 27 67 67 .. 11
Food 14 45 51 18 31 58 68 .. 12
Beverage and tobacco products 5 42 52 5 47 79 70 .. 36
Wood products 3 15 41 60 18 30 52 64 .. 13
Pulp, paper and paperboard mills 11 56 71 26 26 74 76 .. 28
Petroleum and coal products 48 69 79 36 52 93 89 .. 0
Chemicals 30 55 66 27 38 78 78 .. 10
Non-metallic mineral products 16 32 61 22 15 57 59 .. 8
Primary metals 10 47 68 25 35 72 67 .. 23
Fabricated metal products 7 17 45 60 28 43 54 63 .. 10
Transportation equipment 22 57 71 49 38 72 77 .. 27
Pipeline transportation 5 25 56 44 21 35 75 86 .. 23
Other manufacturing 2 26 45 59 37 38 56 59 .. 25
1.
Number of establishments indicating they used the pollution prevention method as a percentage of all establishments that provided a response.
2.
Includes all other manufacturing industries not already specified.
3.
Before 1997 the wood products industry was included with "other manufacturing".
4.
Before the 1998 reference year, establishments were selected based on the 1980 Standard Industrial Classification System (SIC). However, beginning with reference year 1998, industry selection was based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). For further information, see Statistics Canada, 2001, Environmental Protection Expenditures in the Business Sector 1998, catalogue no.  16F0006X.
5.
Before the 1998 reference year, pipeline transportation was included with gas distribution systems.
6.
As of reference year 1998, the Survey of Environmental Protection Expenditures is conducted every two years.
7.
Before 2000 the fabricated metal products industry was included with "other manufacturing".
Note(s):
This table includes reported data only. The question on pollution prevention methods differed in reference years 1995 and 1996. Therefore, comparisons from 1995 to 1998 provide a general view but should be treated with caution.
Source(s):
Statistics Canada, Environment Accounts and Statistics Division, Environmental Protection Expenditures in the Business Sector, catalogue no.  16F0006X.
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