Table 8
Balancing test, comparisons of means for unmatched and matched samples

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Balancing test, comparisons of means for unmatched and matched samples
  Export starters versus non-exporters Export stoppers versus continuing exporters
Export starters Non-exporters T-test of differences Export stoppers Continuing exporters T-test of differences
  mean p-value mean p-value
Unmatched samples  
Sample size 1,410 7,539 … 403 1,853 …
Relative labour productivity 1.33 1.03 0.00 0.99 1.03 0.33
Relative employment 2.57 0.93 0.00 0.76 1.53 0.00
Relative employment (squared) 15.68 5.56 0.15 1.61 4.77 0.00
Age 14.05 12.90 0.00 15.43 15.39 0.81
Foreign-controlled 0.13 0.05 0.00 0.26 0.37 0.00
Canadian tariff changes -0.81 -0.74 0.00 -0.57 -0.53 0.24
U.S tariff changes -0.34 -0.29 0.00 -0.29 -0.26 0.04
Real exchange rate changes -1.97 -1.92 0.16 -1.43 -1.45 0.79
Real industry shipment changes 0.88 0.63 0.19 3.02 2.79 0.58
Matched samples  
Sample size 1,410 1,410 … 402 402 …
Relative labour productivity 1.33 1.29 0.29 0.99 0.99 0.92
Relative employment 2.57 2.33 0.10 0.76 0.88 0.15
Relative employment (squared) 15.68 26.90 0.49 1.62 2.42 0.43
Age 14.05 14.22 0.23 15.42 15.38 0.84
Foreign-controlled 0.13 0.12 0.43 0.26 0.26 0.81
Canadian tariff changes -0.81 -0.81 0.93 -0.56 -0.58 0.66
U.S tariff changes -0.34 -0.35 0.51 -0.29 -0.30 0.51
Real exchange rate changes -1.97 -2.00 0.41 -1.43 -1.40 0.84
Real industry shipment changes 0.88 0.84 0.90 3.02 2.82 0.74
Source(s):
Authors' calculations.