Table 6
Marginal effects of changes in tariffs on plant exit

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Marginal effects of changes in tariffs on plant exit
  All plants Non-exporters Exporters Domestic-controlled plants Foreign-controlled plants
  estimate standard error estimate standard error estimate standard error estimate standard error estimate standard error
Marginal effects of tariff changes  
After controlling for plant characteristics between groups -0.047 * 0.005 -0.037 * 0.008 -0.100 * 0.013 -0.046 * 0.006 -0.100 * 0.015
Difference of being an exporter or a foreign-controlled plant         -0.063 * 0.015     -0.053 * 0.016
Allowing plant characteristics to vary between groups -0.047 * 0.005 -0.039 * 0.006 -0.071 * 0.011 -0.046 * 0.005 -0.058 * 0.014
Difference of being an exporter or a foreign-controlled plant         -0.032 * 0.013     -0.012 0.015
By relative labour productivity quartile  
Quartile 1 (low) -0.073 * 0.013 -0.058 * 0.015 -0.108 * 0.034 -0.068 * 0.013 0.001 0.050
Quartile 2 1 -0.058 * 0.007 -0.048 * 0.009 -0.082 * 0.03 -0.055 * 0.007 0.008 0.029
Quartile 3 1 -0.048 * 0.005 -0.041 * 0.008 -0.058 * 0.028 -0.045 * 0.005 0.011 0.024
Quartile 4 (high) 1 -0.009 0.018 -0.015 0.022 0.035 0.039 -0.008 0.018 0.026 0.052
By relative employment quartile  
Quartile 1 (low) -0.058 * 0.024 -0.052 0.037 -0.120 * 0.034 -0.032 0.029 -0.169 * 0.036
Quartile 2 2 -0.056 * 0.019 -0.049 ** 0.028 -0.112 * 0.031 -0.035 0.023 -0.151 * 0.032
Quartile 3 2 -0.051 * 0.009 -0.044 * 0.011 -0.094 * 0.023 -0.042 * 0.010 -0.107 * 0.024
Quartile 4 (high) 2 -0.020 0.058 -0.014 0.080 0.036 0.057 -0.072 0.066 0.215 * 0.067
By age quartile  
Quartile 1 (low) -0.033 ** 0.019 -0.043 * 0.017 0.025 0.061 -0.026 0.018 -0.093 0.063
Quartile 2 -0.039 * 0.011 -0.043 * 0.009 0.009 0.045 -0.035 * 0.010 -0.047 0.038
Quartile 3 -0.053 * 0.009 -0.041 * 0.015 -0.026 0.029 -0.054 * 0.011 0.029 0.028
Quartile 4 (high) -0.056 * 0.013 -0.041 * 0.020 -0.039 0.037 -0.058 * 0.016 0.047 0.036
Marginal interaction effects  
Changes in tariffs × relative productivity 0.015 * 0.007 0.010 0.008 0.027 * 0.009 0.016 * 0.007 0.004 0.014
Changes in tariffs × relative employment 0.006 0.010 0.007 0.018 0.014 * 0.006 -0.004 0.013 0.035 * 0.008
Changes in tariffs × age -0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 -0.001 0.002 -0.001 0.001 0.005 0.003
*
p<0.05
**
p<0.1
1.
For all plants, exporters and domestic-controlled plants in quartiles 2, 3 and 4, the differences between the adjacent quartile groups are statistically significant at 5%.
2.
For exporters in quartiles 2, 3 and 4, the differences between the adjacent quartile groups are statistically significant at 10%. For foreign-controlled plants in quartiles 2, 3 and 4, the differences between the adjacent quartile groups are statistically significant at 5%.
Note(s):
We calculate marginal effects on the basis of equations (4)-(6), using probit coefficients in Table 5 and 'nlcom' command in STATA. Marginal effects by quartiles are evaluated at the common two-digit industry mean values of all variables, except the variable of interest, whose quartile-specific industry mean values are used. We evaluate marginal effects by groups at common two-digit industry mean values of relative productivity, relative employment, and age (thus controlling for plant characteristics between groups), and at the group-specific two-digit industry mean values of relative productivity, employment, and age (thus allowing plant characteristics to vary between groups). In both cases, common two-digit industry mean values of tariff and real-exchange-rate changes are used.