Table 2
Differences in labour market outcomes associated with citizenship among immigrants, Canada

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Differences in labour market outcomes associated with citizenship among immigrants, Canada


Table summary
This table displays the results of differences in labour market outcomes associated with citizenship among immigrants all, source regions and developed countries, calculated using developed countries, caribbean, central america, and south america, asia, africa, percentage points and log points units of measure (appearing as column headers).
  All Source regions
Developed countries Caribbean, Central America, and South America Asia Africa
  percentage points
Men  
Employment rate  
Observed 1.8  Note *** -1.7  Note *** 3.3  Note *** 5.6  Note *** 6.7  Note ***
Adjusted 2.5  Note *** 0.8  Note ** 3.6  Note *** 4.5  Note *** 5.6  Note ***
Unemployment rate  
Observed -1.1  Note *** -0.7  Note *** -2.3  Note *** -1.7  Note *** -4.6  Note ***
Adjusted -1.2  Note *** -0.8  Note *** -1.9  Note *** -1.4  Note *** -3.1  Note ***
Share in high-status occupation  
Observed 10.6  Note *** 6.7  Note *** 13.5  Note *** 14.6  Note *** 15.8  Note ***
Adjusted 4.5  Note *** 3.8  Note *** 4.6  Note *** 5.2  Note *** 6.8  Note ***
Share in public administration  
Observed 0.8  Note *** 0.9  Note *** 1.5  Note *** 0.9  Note *** 1.3  Note **
Adjusted 0.6  Note *** 0.8  Note *** 0.7  Note ** 0.2 0.6
    log points
Log weekly earnings  
Observed 10.4  Note *** 6.8  Note *** 19.2  Note *** 23.7  Note *** 18.7  Note ***
Adjusted 6.6  Note *** 5.2  Note *** 10.1  Note *** 9.5  Note *** 3.1
Adjusted for work attributes 4.8  Note *** 3.9  Note *** 8.5  Note *** 6.7  Note *** 2.3
    percentage points
Women  
Employment rate  
Observed 5.0  Note *** -0.1 7.8  Note *** 11.3  Note *** 12.2  Note ***
Adjusted 3.7  Note *** 1.2  Note *** 6.0  Note *** 6.4  Note *** 6.7  Note ***
Unemployment rate  
Observed -1.3  Note *** -0.2 -3.7  Note *** -3.5  Note *** -5.9  Note ***
Adjusted -1.2 -0.1 -2.8  Note *** -2.3  Note *** -3.6  Note ***
Share in high-status occupation  
Observed 8.9  Note *** 4.8  Note *** 14.8  Note *** 18.1  Note *** 14.5  Note ***
Adjusted 5.06  Note *** 3.7  Note *** 6.1  Note *** 7.13  Note *** 6.6  Note ***
Share in public administration  
Observed 0.8  Note *** 0.6  Note *** 1.7  Note *** 1.0  Note *** 1.9  Note **
Adjusted 0.5  Note *** 0.6  Note *** 0.8  Note * 0.2 1.2
    log points
Log weekly earnings  
Observed 17.1  Note *** 14.1  Note *** 24.9  Note *** 24.5  Note *** 29.3
Adjusted 8.8  Note *** 8.1  Note *** 11.6  Note *** 8.8  Note *** 12.5  Note ***
Adjusted for work attributes 5.2  Note *** 5.1  Note *** 7.8  Note *** 4.5  Note *** 8.5  Note ***
significant at p < 0.05          
significant at p < 0.01          
significant at p < 0.001          
Note(s): High-status occupations include management, business, finance, administration, natural and applied sciences, and other professional occupations. Developed countries include Canada, the United States, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. "Adjusted" are model estimates controlling for age at immigration, years since immigration, education, source regions. For earnings, age rather than age at immigration is used. "Adjusted for work attributes" are estimates also controlling for marital status, speaking the official languages, geographic location, full-time status, occupation, and industry.          
           
*
significant at p < 0.05
**
significant at p < 0.01
***
significant at p < 0.001
Note(s):
High-status occupations include management, business, finance, administration, natural and applied sciences, and other professional occupations. Developed countries include Canada, the United States, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. "Adjusted" are model estimates controlling for age at immigration, years since immigration, education, source regions. For earnings, age rather than age at immigration is used. "Adjusted for work attributes" are estimates also controlling for marital status, speaking the official languages, geographic location, full-time status, occupation, and industry.
Source(s):
2006 Census of Canada.
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