Table 4
Adjusted and unadjusted log weekly wages of university-educated new immigrants relative to the domestic-born
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| Canada | United States | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted difference | Adjusted difference | Change in unadjusted difference | Change in adjusted difference | Difference explained by observable characteristics | Unadjusted difference | Adjusted difference | Change in unadjusted difference | Change in adjusted difference | Difference explained by observable characteristics | |
| relative earnings | ||||||||||
| Men | ||||||||||
| 1980 | -0.25 | -0.37 | … | … | … | -0.25 | -0.32 | … | … | … |
| 1990 | -0.43 | -0.44 | -0.18 | -0.07 | -0.11 | -0.38 | -0.40 | -0.13 | -0.08 | -0.05 |
| 2000 | -0.53 | -0.51 | -0.10 | -0.07 | -0.03 | -0.26 | -0.28 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.00 |
| 2005 | -0.67 | -0.63 | -0.14 | -0.12 | -0.02 | -0.37 | -0.35 | -0.11 | -0.07 | -0.04 |
| Change 1980 to 2005 | … | … | -0.42 | -0.26 | -0.16 | … | … | -0.12 | -0.03 | -0.09 |
| Women | ||||||||||
| 1980 | -0.43 | -0.50 | … | … | … | -0.19 | -0.29 | … | … | … |
| 1990 | -0.47 | -0.52 | -0.04 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.34 | -0.42 | -0.15 | -0.13 | -0.02 |
| 2000 | -0.57 | -0.60 | -0.10 | -0.08 | -0.02 | -0.31 | -0.37 | 0.03 | 0.05 | -0.02 |
| 2005 | -0.65 | -0.66 | -0.08 | -0.06 | -0.02 | -0.40 | -0.44 | -0.09 | -0.07 | -0.02 |
| Change 1980 to 2005 | … | … | -0.22 | -0.16 | -0.06 | … | … | -0.21 | -0.15 | -0.06 |
Note(s):
The sample consists of paid workers aged 25 to 54 with positive weekly wages, living in private households, non-Aboriginal and not in military occupations. The immigrant sample includes only new immigrants (no more than five years in the country) who were aged 25 or older at arrival. The adjusted results are evaluated for a 40-year-old who speaks English (English or French in Canada), does not speak a language other than English (English or French in Canada) at home, and lives in Toronto, Ontario (Canada) or California (U.S.). The year corresponds to the census reference year for Canada and census (or ACS) year for the U.S.
Source(s):
Canadian censuses of 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2006 20% files; U.S. censuses of 1980, 1990, and 2000 IPUMS 5% files and 2005 American Community Survey IPUMS 1% file.
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