Table 3
Labour force participation among lone mothers with children under
18 years of age and with positive earnings
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United States | Canada | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1979 | 1989 | 1999 | Change 1979 to 1999 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | Change 1980 to 2000 | |
percent | ||||||||
Age | ||||||||
Under 25 | 53.8 | 55.5 | 73.4 | 19.7 | 44.8 | 44.8 | 50.7 | 5.9 |
25 to 29 | 68.9 | 67.1 | 83.1 | 14.2 | 57.1 | 55.1 | 64.3 | 7.2 |
30 to 34 | 75.6 | 74.3 | 84.2 | 8.6 | 66.4 | 65.3 | 71.5 | 5.1 |
35 to 39 | 77.1 | 80.2 | 84.6 | 7.5 | 69.6 | 73.9 | 76.2 | 6.6 |
40 to 44 | 75.5 | 82.5 | 84.7 | 9.2 | 68.2 | 77.8 | 79.3 | 11.1 |
45 to 49 | 70.5 | 77.8 | 82.8 | 12.3 | 62.9 | 75.8 | 80.3 | 17.4 |
50 to 54 | 62.1 | 67.4 | 76.7 | 14.5 | 54.5 | 66.4 | 76.1 | 21.7 |
55 and over | 47.5 | 48.9 | 51.0 | 3.5 | 40.4 | 46.1 | 51.6 | 11.3 |
Education | ||||||||
Less than Grade 12 | 49.8 | 47.1 | 59.3 | 9.5 | 45.3 | 47.2 | 52.8 | 7.5 |
Grade 12 | 76.3 | 72.6 | 80.4 | 4.2 | 68.1 | 69.3 | 72.2 | 4.1 |
Some postsecondary | 82.9 | 83.8 | 89.5 | 6.6 | 80.6 | 80.1 | 81.6 | 1.0 |
University degree | 90.2 | 93.1 | 93.5 | 3.3 | 90.5 | 90.3 | 89.8 | -0.7 |
Marital status | ||||||||
Never married | 53.2 | 59.2 | 77.3 | 24.1 | 49.6 | 53.5 | 65.2 | 15.6 |
Divorced or separated | 75.8 | 79.5 | 85.8 | 10.0 | 65.7 | 72.7 | 78.9 | 13.2 |
Widow | 58.0 | 63.3 | 67.2 | 9.2 | 54.2 | 63.9 | 67.2 | 13.1 |
Race | ||||||||
Whites | 77.6 | 80.2 | 86.8 | 9.2 | 60.2 | 66.5 | 75.3 | 15.1 |
Blacks | 59.1 | 64.8 | 78.2 | 19.1 | 81.1 | 67.4 | 69.8 | -11.3 |
Asians | 70.4 | 64.5 | 78.2 | 7.8 | 74.2 | 65.7 | 66.2 | -8.0 |
Hispanics1 | 50.7 | 57.7 | 72.6 | 21.9 | ||||
Others | 63.2 | 64.2 | 78.0 | 14.8 | 63.6 | 54.1 | 64.8 | 1.2 |
Total | 69.1 | 72.3 | 81.7 | 12.6 | 61.0 | 66.4 | 73.1 | 12.1 |
1. Canadian data for Hispanics are combined with data for "Others."
Note: Estimates for the United States are calculated by the authors from the U.S. census Public-Use Microdata Sample files. Estimates for Canada are calculated by the authors from master data files from the Canadian census. Employment and earnings are reported for the year preceding the census.
Sources: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 1981, 1991 and 2001; U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Census, 1980, 1990 and 2000.
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