Gaps between immigrants and their Canadian-born counterparts
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Childhood immigrants (aged 12 and younger) who arrived in Canada from the 1960s to the 1980s were more likely to complete a university degree than their Canadian-born counterparts.
The education gap is particularly evident by gender among those who arrived in the 1980s. About 32% of males and 40% of females had a university degree by the time they were aged 25 to 34, compared with 20% and 30%, respectively, of their Canadian-born counterparts.
Male childhood immigrants of the 1980s were more likely to complete university, but their average earnings were 4.8% lower than those of their Canadian-born counterparts. Female childhood immigrants of the 1980s have fared better: their average earnings were 9.5% higher than their Canadian-born counterparts, and their average earnings have risen more rapidly with each generation.
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