Notes

^1.

* : Demography Division, Statistics Canada ** : INRS – Urbanisation Culture Société, Montreal For more information, contact Laurent Martel (613) 951-2352 or email laurent.martel@statcan.gc.ca. The authors wish to thank the Demosim Team and Labour Statistics Division, especially Jacques Ouellet, for their assistance with Labour Force Survey data. They also wish to thank all persons involved in the peer review process at Statistics Canada and in other Federal Departments, including the Department of Finance Canada and Human Resources and Skills Development Canada.

^2.

Statistics Canada, 2010. Population projections for Canada, provinces and territories, 2009 to 2036, catalogue number 91-520-X, May 2010.

^3.

Chui, T. ; Tran, K. & H. Maheu (2007). Immigration in Canada : a portrait of the foreign-born population, Analytical document from the 2006 Census. Statistics Canada, catalogue number 97-557-X, 39 p.

^4.

Gilmore, J. & C. LePetit (2009). The Canadian immigrant labour market in 2007 : analysis by region of postsecondary education. The immigrant labour force analysis series, Statistics Canada, catalogue number 71-606-X, 34 p.

^5.

Roy, F. (2006). From she to she : changing patterns of women in the Canadian labour force. Canadian Economic Observer. Statistics Canada, catalogue number 11-010-X, pp. 3-1 à 3-10.

^6.

Marshall, K. & V. Ferrao (2007). Participation of older workers. Perspectives on Labour and Income. Statistics Canada, catalogue number 75-001-X, pp. 5-12. Uppal, S. (2010). Labour market activity among seniors. Perspectives on Labour and Income. Statistics Canada, catalogue number 75-001-X, pp. 5-20.

^7.

Caron Malenfant, Éric ; Lebel, André & Laurent Martel. Projections of the diversity of the Canadian population, 2006 to 2031, catalogue number 91-551-X, March 2010, 71 p.

^8.

The Department of Canadian Heritage, the Labour Program of Human Resources and Skills Development Canada as well as Citizenship and Immigration Canada.

^9.

This part of the article is an update of an earlier article, published in June 2007 in the Canadian Economic Observer: Martel, Laurent ; Caron Malenfant, Éric ; Vézina, Samuel & Alain Bélanger. Labour force projections for Canada, 2006-2031. Canadian Economic Observer, Statistics Canada, catalogue number 11-010-X, June 2007, pp. 3.1 to 3.13.

^10.

The population studied in this article excludes the territories as well as Indian reserves located in the provinces.

^11.

Caron Malenfant, Éric ; Lebel, André & Laurent Martel. Projections of the diversity of the Canadian population, 2006 to 2031, catalogue number 91-551-X, March 2010, 71 p.

^12.

Those assumptions were submitted to the approval of the three funding partners of the project as well as to a consultation process involving other Federal Departments and an independent scientific committee composed of recognised Canadian academics.

^13.

While the participation rates recorded in 2009 and 2010 are taken into consideration in the projection model, they were not used to develop assumptions regarding future trends because of their lower level due to the recession that struck the Canadian economy these years. These rates are unlikely to be maintained over a long period. Also, the 2008 participation rates are very close to the average observed over the period 2005 to 2009.

^14.

From age 80 onward, a zero participation rate is assumed.

^15.

Martel, Laurent ; Caron Malenfant, Éric ; Vézina, Samuel & Alain Bélanger. Labour force projections for Canada, 2006-2031. Canadian Economic Observer, Statistics Canada, catalogue number 11-010-X, June 2007, pp. 3.1 to 3.13.

^16.

The overall participation rate is the percentage of the population aged 15 and over in the labour force. This indicator therefore reflects the relative weight of the labour force in the total population 15 years and over, which includes students, retirees, persons with long-term family obligations and all others who are not looking for work, in addition to those in the labour force. The overall participation rate is an indicator that is comparable from one country to another, since it controls for different population sizes.

^17.

In this study, the concept of the foreign-born population (also called the immigrant population) is used to designate persons who are, or have been, landed immigrants in Canada. In other words, this definition of foreign-born does not include either non-permanent residents or persons born outside Canada who are Canadian citizens by birth. The latter are considered part of the Canadian-born or non-immigrant population.

^18.

According to the Employment Equity Act, members of a visible minority group are "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." Those persons can either be born outside Canada or in Canada.

^19.

Spielauer, M. (2009). Ethno-cultural diversity and educational attainment : The modeling of education in the Canadian Demosim population projection model. Paper presented at the 2009 conference of the International Microsimulation Association, June, Ottawa.

^20.

Results from the interprovincial migrations scenario are very similar.

^21.

Caron Malenfant, Éric ; Lebel, André & Laurent Martel. Projections of the diversity of the Canadian population, 2006 to 2031, catalogue number 91-551-X, mars 2010, 71 p.