Analysis

Description:

This paper provides an overview of part-time university and college academic staff. It uses Part-time University and College Academic Staff Survey.

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This report examines incidence and duration of training for immigrants and compares their circumstances with Canadians in general. It uses data from the Adult Education and Training Survey.

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The trend towards the globalization of factor, product and financial markets is drawing an increasing amount of attention. Work is underway to develop methodologies and to harmonize among countries data on the economic activities of globally operating corporations. An understanding of their business models, corporate strategies and organizational structures is also needed to gather and, more importantly, interpret information about their innovation activities. This note identifies four main models of globally operating corporations according to their impact on technology transfer and innovation in their host countries.

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Many small businesses and Canadian households are now beginning to embrace broadband technologies. Nearly one-half (48.7%) of Canadian households that regularly use the Internet from home have a broadband connection, while the majority of business enterprises accessing the Internet (58.4%) also use broadband technologies.

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Many small businesses and Canadian households are now beginning to embrace broadband technologies. Nearly one-half (48.7%) of Canadian households that regularly use the Internet from home have a broadband connection, while the majority of business enterprises accessing the Internet (58.4%) also use broadband technologies.

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Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are changing the way individuals and organizations access, exchange and use information. The Internet puts a wealth of information and entertainment at its users' fingertips, wireless technologies allow communication and information exchange from almost anywhere at any time, and broadband networks pave the way for applications unheard of only a few years ago. This article looks at some of the fundamental changes that have affected the cable industry in the recent past and examines some of the challenges and opportunities it faces in coming years.

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Many people in the federal and provincial governments, in universities, hospitals and other organizations are asking the same questions about the commercialization of university research: Is it increasing? What are the benefits? How do universities and regions compare? Statistics Canada's 2001 Survey of Intellectual Property Commercialization in the Higher Education Sector shows that commercialization activities took a giant leap from 1999 to 2001. This article includes the results for universities only.

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Although there were over 8,000 companies in Canada reporting research and development (R&D) expenditures in 2000, only 30 of these accounted for over half of all business R&D spending. The result is that only a small number of companies in key industries have a significant impact on Canada's total $11.4 billion business R&D spending. The highest levels of concentration of R&D spending were found in the communications equipment manufacturing sector, while computer systems design and related services showed the lowest.

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Statistics Canada's Survey of Innovation 1999 collected information on the innovation activities of firms in Canadian manufacturing and selected natural resource industries. The results provide insight into why a firm chooses to take the path of innovation or opts to be a non-innovator. For most non-innovators, the perception is that innovation is not required or is irrelevant to their industry. Non-innovative firms analysed here are those that did not introduce a new or significantly improved product or process in the previous three years and that did not carry out any innovative activities during the survey period.

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Radio, the oldest electronic medium, is steadily generating profits. Revenues rose 2.7%, reaching over $1.1 billion. The performance of FM stations in recent years is at the root of the sustained level of profits for the radio industry.

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This issue of the Bulletin presents financial and operating statistics for wireline and wireless telecommunication services industries for the 1998 to 2001 period.

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This bulletin presents recent information on the performance and funding of Federal government expenditures on scientific activities, 2003-2004. The statistics presented are derived from the survey of science and technology (S&T) activities of federal departments and agencies. The data in this publication are consistent with expenditures of departments and agencies as reported in the Main Estimates 2003-2004, but do not reflect changes to 2003-2004 spending plans which may result from supplementary estimates or other departmental planning decisions.

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Canada's economic competitiveness depends on scientific and technological development and also on the people responsible for this development, especially those engaged in Research and development. The number of Research and development personnel is a supplementary measure to the statistics on intramural expenditures on Research and development. The Frascati Manual1 states that "Data on the utilisation of scientific and technical personnel provide concrete measurements for international comparisons of resources devoted to Research and development "

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The article provides the latest facts and figures on retirement.

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Expenditures on Health research and development are growing as a percentage of Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD). GERD includes expenditure in the natural sciences and engineering and in the social sciences and humanities fields. This service bulletin presents details of expenditure on Health R&D performance and funding.

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The statistics in this bulletin are derived from the 2001 survey of industrial research and development activities in Canada, which covers firms spending a million dollars or more on the performance or funding of research and development in Canada, and from the administrative data of the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency (CCRA) for firms which spend less than a million dollars on the performance or funding of research and development

Description:

The measurement of tourism has been gaining world-wide interest in the last decade. The most common framework for this measurement has been the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA). The TSA measures tourism in terms of expenditures, gross domestic product (GDP) and employment. The Canadian TSA generally follows the guidelines adopted by several international organizations, including the United Nations Statistical Commission. Statistics Canada first published a TSA in 1994. Since then, several updates have been made and timely quarterly information is now available based on the TSA. According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), over 35 countries have either completed a TSA or are in the process of developing one. Statistics Canada is one of only two countries, the other being Norway, to develop a regional TSA. This Provincial and Territorial Tourism Satellite Account (or PTSA) allows for a comparison of tourism among regions as well as among industries within a province or territory. This publication marks the release of the second PTSA by Statistics Canada. This release for 1998 follows a report published in 2002 for 1996. Tables in this report include both the new 1998 PTSA results and revised estimates for 1996. Concepts, definitions, sources and methods, including the changes in methods, are included in the appendix.

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Following usual practice, revised estimates covering the period 1999 to 2002 of the National Economic and Financial Accounts were released along with those for the first quarter of 2003. This revision cycle incorporated statistical revisions only. There were no conceptual or methodological changes.

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This short article examines the traveller accommodation industry in Canada in 2001. Data examined include monthly price and occupancy rate changes. The relative importance of the economic slowdown and the impact of the terrorist attacks on the United States are also discussed.

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This short article examines the travel agents industry in Canada in 2001. Data examined include annual revenues and quarterly transportation demand. The relative importance of the economic slowdown and the impact of the terrorist attacks on the United States, as well as structural changes occurring in the industry, are also discussed.

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This report presents a rethinking of the fundamental concepts used to guide statistical work on postsecondary education.

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The need for Information Technology (IT) support has never been greater than it is today. Businesses, institutions, government and individuals all rely heavily on IT networks to convey information, process data, and provide or access services.

This paper describes how a leading IT industry, including computer systems design and related services, has responded to the mounting demand for IT services in Canada. Structural differences between small and large system design firms are explored and data describing industry growth rates, export markets, and employment characteristics are examined.

Description: The first assesses how the fertility of immigrant women evolved between 1976-1981 and 1996-2001. It examines whether the fertility behaviour of immigrant women is tending to converge with that of Canadian-born women, and if so, how rapidly this is occurring for different immigrant groups. It also estimates the fertility of immigrants' children, the second-generation of Canadians.

Description: This study identifies determinants that promote dependence-free aging, an important topic as the large cohorts of baby-boomers grow older.

Description:

Services constitute the single most important industry in Canada's economy, with 68% of total gross domestic product, 75% of employment and 53% of consumer spending. However, this industry is not widely perceived as being Canada's spearhead of research and development (R&D), a role more traditionally assigned to the manufacturing sector. Still, services are becoming an increasingly important force in R&D, and this is why we should reconsider the true role played by R&D in the service sector. This article, in fact, sets out to quantify R&D activities within the service sector.

Here are some highlights of this exploratory study:

- In 2002, the commercial service sector was responsible for 28.5% of all R&D expenditures for the economy as a whole.

- In 2000, 36.6% of all personnel assigned full time to R&D worked in the commercial service sector.

- Quantification of the amounts spent on R&D from within the service sector does not necessarily correspond to traditional industrial classifications. For example, R&D is primarily performed in such sectors as biotechnology, software, telecommunications, the environment and logistics, which are not included in the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) classification scheme.

- Several service sector activities are very labour intensive and require highly skilled R&D workers. For example, of all employees performing R&D in the field of biotechnology, 23% hold doctorates or master's degrees.

Description:

Even though all of the campgrounds and outfitters combined were self-categorized as midscale accommodations, 87% of the campgrounds catered to an economy/midscale market while around 84% of the outfitters were midscale/upscale. Only outfitters derived more revenue from packaged vacations than from guest units. Americans made up the greatest number of those visiting Canada's hunting and fishing camps while campgrounds generated most of their business from Canadian travellers. Canada's pristine wilderness draws foreign travellers who want to experience world-class hunting and fishing expeditions.

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These data show the types of outlets where consumers prefer to buy certain commodities and the shifts in the types of commodities retailers decide to sell. The data are from the Retail Commodity Program, an analytical tool that provides information on the retail industry.

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This paper investigates the key characteristics of the farm operators and farm businesses that influence computer use.

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Consumers buy more in December than in any other month of the year. Consumers rush to get gifts for the Christmas season while retailers rely on this period to register a high proportion of their yearly sales. The most popular stores at Christmas time are jewellery, music, toy, book, clothing, and general merchandise stores. This article examines monthly and quarterly retail sales to show the importance of Christmas for consumers and retailers.

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While the number of census-farms and farm operators is shrinking, the number of jobs in the agriculture and agri-food industry is growing. During the 15-year period from 1981 to 1996, the industry employed 15% of Canada's workforce.

Employment in the agri-food sector has grown faster than the overall Canadian economy and this has offset the decline in employment on farms. In 1981, more people worked on farms than worked in restaurants, bars and taverns. By 1996, this trend had reversed and employment in the food and beverage services sector far outstripped the number of workers on farms.

Food processing is often promoted as part of agricultural policy (to provide a local market for Canadian farmers) and as part of rural development policy (to create jobs in rural areas). However, in 1996, fewer people were working in Canada's food processing sector than in 1981. More food was processed (there was growth in the gross domestic product (GDP) of this sector), but fewer workers were involved. Rural regions adjacent to urban areas gained a greater share of food processing employment, making these regions relatively competitive in keeping food processing workforces.

Employment in the agricultural and agri-food sectors is growing, but the nature of the work and where it is being done is changing.

Description:

Restorative justice processes are rapidly being adopted within Canada, as well as internationally, as a way of responding to crime and victimization. There is, however, little information quantifying the use of restorative justice programs and services in criminal matters in Canada. In order to address this information gap, the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics was asked to undertake a special study of restorative justice programs and services.

This report summarizes the results of consultations with stakeholders and addresses survey definitions, scope, methodology and other related issues required prior to conducting a study on restorative justice programs and services in criminal matters in Canada. The current report also presents an overview of restorative justice philosophy and concepts, and it provides recommendations for conducting a study.

Description:

This volume is Statistics Canada's second compendium publication on the subject of information and communications technologies (ICTs) in Canada. It builds on the material provided in our first compendium publication, Networked Canada: Beyond the information highway, as well as the ongoing Connectedness Series. It also goes one step further by representing a comprehensive compilation of measurements and analyses from diverse areas across the Agency. It traces the evolution of our economy and highlights many facets of our society's transformation.

Part 1 offers a profile of Canada's ICT sector, including key indicators of change. Changes occurring in individual industries that supply ICT goods and services are also analysed.

Part 2 addresses economy-wide issues (including health, education and justice) from a sectoral approach, covering ICT diffusion and utilization among business, households and governments.

Part 3 offers a collection of thematic analyses focussing on topical issues of the Information Society. These include the high-tech labour market, information technology (IT) occupations, the digital divide, telecommunications services, broadband use and deployment, and the use of ICTs by cultural industries.

Part 4 examines Canada's international involvement in the Information Society. Contributions from policy departments offer an account of the Canadian role in promoting a global Information Society, with particular emphasis on assistance to developing countries.

Description:

The 2001 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey (PALS) is a post-censal survey of adults and children whose everyday activities may be limited because of a condition or health problem. A sample of those persons who answered 'Yes' to the 2001 Census disability filter questions were included in the PALS Survey population. Approximately 35,000 adults and 8,000 children living in private and some collective households in the 10 provinces were selected to participate in the survey. The data was collected after the 2001 Census, in the fall of 2001.

This paper presents initial results on the number of persons with disabilities, disability rates as well as the type and severity of disability, by age and sex, for Canada and the provinces.

Description:

This paper uses three cycles of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) to examine whether parental labour market participation and the use of substitute child-care influence the development of the skills needed by pre-school-aged children in order to begin school. The analysis in this paper is based on the arguments that parent-child interaction fosters the development of the skills needed by pre-school-aged children in order to begin school successfully, and that full-time participation in the work force by lone parents (in one-parent families) and by both parents (in dual-parent families) often results in comparatively less time for parent-child interaction than in families with a stay-at-home parent. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine whether reductions in parental time spent with children as a result of work outside the home impact the intellectual development of young children.

The study indicates that parental participation in the labour market has little effect on the school readiness scores of most pre-school-aged children. However, children's school readiness does appear to be influenced by parental labour market participation if the parents exhibit above-average parenting skills and levels of parental education. Children of mothers who display above-average parenting skills and higher levels of education tend to benefit slightly when their mothers do not work outside the home. Likewise, children of fathers with above-average education exhibit slightly higher cognitive outcomes if their fathers work part time.

Although the author finds that there is no association between the number of hours that children spend in child care and their level of school readiness, the study does observe that among pre-school children in substitute child-care, those who come from higher-income families tend to score higher on the school readiness tests than do children from lower-income families. This finding may be attributed to the possibility that children in higher-income families are exposed to a higher quality of substitute child-care, or it may be attributed simply to the advantages of growing up in a family with greater resources.

Description:

The Ethnic Diversity Survey (EDS) was developed by Statistics Canada in partnership with the Department of Canadian Heritage in order to provide new and important information on the ethnic and cultural background of people in Canada and how it relates to their lives in Canada today.

The survey followed the 2001 Census with the census providing the frame for the sample. The target population for the survey was persons aged 15 years or older living in private households in the 10 provinces. The population did not include persons living in collective dwellings, persons living on Indian reserves, persons of Aboriginal origins living off-reserve, or persons living in Northern and remote areas. There was a separate post-censal survey designed for Aboriginal peoples, the Aboriginal Peoples Survey, which was conducted in 2001 and 2002.

Using the EDS data, this article examines Canada's ethno-cultural mosaic in 2002, providing a portrait of the different generations of Canadians who today make up this country. It also analyses the level of attachment that people in the different generations and ethnic groups have to their own ethno-cultural backgrounds and to the broader Canadian society.

Description:

The 2001 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS) is a post-censal survey of adults and children who reported Aboriginal ancestry, Aboriginal identity, Registered Indian status and/or Band membership on the 2001 Census. Approximately 76,000 adults and 41,000 children living in private households in the provinces and territories were selected to participate in the survey. The data were collected between September 2001 and January 2002.

The purpose of this article is to present the initial findings from the 2001 Aboriginal Peoples Survey. Information on health, housing, education, residential schools and language are highlighted for Aboriginal people living off-reserve. While most of the focus is on adults, there is also information provided on children. Data showing change over time are provided as are some comparisons with the non-Aboriginal population.

For data on the Aboriginal population residing on-reserve, please see Aboriginal Peoples Survey 2001: Internet Community Profiles (Catalogue no.89-590-XIE).

Description:

Analysts from Statistics Canada and Human Resources Canada are collaborating on a series of studies addressing topics such as an overview on the changing nature of work and the terms of work; the link between the education level of the establishment's workforce and its technology adoption and innovation practices; the effect of foreign competition on the productivity-enhancing behaviour of companies; which firms have high vacancy rates in Canada; a profile of job vacancies in Canada: and the effect of employer characteristics on the gender gap. These reports will be released sequentially throughout 2001.

Description:

The purpose of this paper is to use data from the General Social Survey of 1996 and 2002 to examine the topic of caregiving. This paper answers the following questions: Is a larger share of the senior population receiving care for long-term health problems? What are the characteristics of the seniors receiving formal and informal care? What are the characteristics of the informal care providers? What are the consequences of providing informal care to seniors?

Description: The 2001 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey (PALS) is a post-censal survey of adults and children whose everyday activities are limited because of a condition or health problem. A sample of those persons who answered "Yes" to the 2001 Census disability filter questions were included in the PALS survey population. Approximately 8,000 children (aged 0 to 14) living in households in the 10 provinces were selected to participate in the children's component of the survey. Persons living in institutions, on Indian reserves, and in the Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut were excluded. The data were collected after the 2001 Census, between September 2001 and January 2002. Note that information on children with disabilities was gathered through interviews with their parents or guardians.

Using the PALS data, this article describes the lives of children aged 5 to 14 who have disabilities and the impact of their disability on the daily activities and employment situation of their families.

Specific themes covered are: -help with everyday activities received by children with disabilities; -parents access to formal and informal help; -impacts of the child's disability on the family's employment situation; -children's access to specialized aids and services; and -household income.

Description:

This product summarizes ongoing research programs in microeconomics and national accounts on such topics as business dynamics, productivity, innovation, competition, investment, small producers, technology, technological change, Canadian-U.S. price differences, international trade, multinationals, eco-efficiency, the environment, and the knowledge economy.