Analysis

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: The current study uses the 2011 National Household Survey and the 2016 and 2021 Censuses to provide data on the number of Indigenous foster children in private households, foster child rates, and disparity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous foster care rates between 2011 and 2021. Subsequently, select sociodemographic characteristics of Indigenous children in foster care and household characteristics are explored using the 2021 Census.

Description: This thematic series groups different statistical products related to Indigenous peoples. It features analytical documents of varying scopes, such as population profiles, reference materials, data products (including tables and factsheets), among other document types.

Description: Oral health is a crucial component of overall health, influencing both physical and mental well-being. Yet, despite the important role that access to and use of oral health care services play in maintaining optimal oral health, substantial disparities remain in access to oral health care services across population groups in Canada. Using data from the 2022 Canadian Community Health Survey, this study examines the association of dental insurance with oral health care access and use in Canada while accounting for income and sociodemographic factors. It contributes to a baseline of oral health care disparities before the implementation of the Canadian Dental Care Plan.

Description: Children’s oral health can affect functional capacities, psychological well-being, and social integration. Additionally, health behaviours established in childhood extend into adulthood and can influence oral health outcomes later in life. Using data from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth, this study investigates the association between dental insurance, income, and dental care access for Canadian children and youth aged 1 to 17 years. It contributes to a baseline understanding of oral health care use before the implementation of the Canadian Dental Care Plan.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This guide is for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this issue are derived from integrating Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) administrative data with other administrative data on earnings. Statistics Canada has derived a series of annual indicators on the labour market outcomes of public postsecondary graduates including median employment income by educational qualification, field of study, age group, gender and status of student in Canada for Canada, the provinces and the territories combined.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This infographic provides estimates on health care workers' stress, alcohol consumption and positive health behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic. Estimates are provided across three primary health care worker groups: nurses, physicians, and Personal Support Workers/Care Aides (PSWs/CAs).

Description: Many aspects of Canadian society affect and are affected by climate change. This presentation synthesizes recent research examining the impact of climate change on Canadian society (economy, labour, and health) as well as adaptation and mitigation measures to combat climate change.

Description:

In this paper a general multilevel model framework is used to provide estimates for small areas using survey data. This class of models allows for variation between areas because of: (i) differences in the distributions of unit level variables between areas, (ii) differences in the distribution of area level variables between areas (iii) area specific components of variance which make provision for additional local variation which cannot be explained by unit-level or area-level covariates. Small area estimators are derived for this multilevel model formulation and an approximation to the mean square error (MSE) of each small area estimates for this general class of mixed models is provided together with an estimator of this MSE. Both the approximations to the MSE and the estimator of MSE take into account three sources of variation: (i) the prediction MSE assuming that both the fixed and components of variance terms in the multilevel model are knows, (ii) the additional component due to the fact that the fixed coefficients must be estimated, and (iii) the further component due to the fact that the components of variance in the model must be estimated. The proposed methods are estimated using a large data set as a basis for numerical investigation. The results confirm that the extra components of variance contained in multilevel models as well as small area covariates can improve small area estimates and that the MSE approximation and estimator are satisfactory.

Description:

The Gallup Organization has been conducting household surveys to study state-wide prevalences of alcohol and drug (e.g., cocaine, marijuana, etc.) use. Traditional design-based survey estimates of use and dependence for counties and select demographic groups have unacceptably large standard errors because sample sizes in sub-state groups are two small. Synthetic estimation incorporates demographic information and social indicators in estimates of prevalence through an implicit regression model. Synthetic estimates tend to have smaller variances than design-based estimates, but can be very homogeneous across counties when auxiliary variables are homogeneous. Composite estimates for small areas are weighted averages of design-based survey estimates and synthetic estimates. A second problem generally not encountered at the state level but present for sub-state areas and groups concerns estimating standard errors of estimated prevalences that are close to zero. This difficulty affects not only telephone household survey estimates, but also composite estimates. A hierarchical model is proposed to address this problem. Empirical Bayes composite estimators, which incorporate survey weights, of prevalences and jackknife estimators of their mean squared errors are presented and illustrated.

Description:

Two design-based estimators of gross flows and transition rates are considered. One makes use of the cross-sectional samples for the estimation of the income class boundaries at each time period and the longitudinal sample for the estimation of counts of units in the longitudinal population (longitudinal counts); this is the mixed estimator. The other one is entirely based on the longitudinal sample, both for the estimation of the class boundaries and the longitudinal counts; this is the longitudinal estimator. We compare the two estimators in the presence of large attrition rates, by means of a simulation. We find that under a less than perfect model of compensation for attrition, the mixed estimator is usually more sensitive to model bias than the longitudinal estimator. Furthermore, we find that for the mixed estimator, the magnitude of this bias overshadows the small gain in precision when compared to the longitudinal estimator. The results are illustrated with data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics and the Longitudinal Administrative Database of Statistics Canada.

Description:

The British Labour Froce Survey (LFS) uses a rotating sample design, with each sample household retained for five consecutive quarters. Linking together the information on the same persons across quarters produces a potentially very rich source of longitudinal data. There are however serious risks of distortion in the results from such longitudinal linking, mainly arising from sample attrition, and from response errors, which can produce spurious flows between economic activity states. This paper describes the initial results of investigations by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) into the nature and extent of the problems.

Description:

In this short note, we demonstrate that the well-known formula for the design effect intuitively proposed by Kish has a model-based justification. The formula can be interpreted as a conservative value for the actual design effect.

Description:

The most recent police-reported statistics indicate that the crime rate in Canada has decreased for the seventh consecutive year and is the lowest since 1979. Statistics from the United States and from many European countries show similar trends. However, data from studies such as the 1993 General Social Survey (GSS), the 1996 International Criminal Victimization Survey (ICVS), and national polls suggest that Canadians perceive crime as increasing and fear being a victim of crime in their neighbourhoods. The most feared crimes are those of a violent nature especially homicide – the killing of one human being by another - which tends to receive more media attention than any other criminal act. Despite this growing concern among Canadians about violence, the homicide rate has gradually been declining since the mid-1970s.

Description:

The development of aquaculture parallels the transition that occured in agriculture several thousand years ago. Agriculture appeared when hunters and gatherers began to raise livestock and plant crops to produce food. The parallel transition with aquatic species is becoming an important activity in the Canadian economy. As a result of new initiatives, Statistics Canada is now able to provide economic data for the developing industry of aquaculture.

Description:

The agriculture industry in Canada was built largely by immigrants. They arrived, mostly from Europe and Asia, as land grant settlers and homesteaders or as indentured or hired labour. Times have changed. Ninety percent of foreign born Canadians now live in the 15 largest cities. While many recent immigrants still work in agriculture, increasingly they are entrepreneurs who are managing businesses of significant size.

Description:

Over the years, the concept of core inflation has become of crucial importance for the central banks of various countries. Indeed, many of them have at some point given themselves the mandate to reduce inflation and achieve price stability. The Bank of Canada undertook this mandate in February 1991.

Core inflation should reflect what is basic in price movements and ignore temporary fluctuations that have no long-term impact on prices. The phenomenon of core inflation must be of a lasting nature. The targets were initially set on the basis of the overall consumer price index (CPI). However, the Bank of Canada has stated that for practical reasons, it will focus on the consumer price index excluding the volatile food and energy components.

The question that many are asking is the following: is a measure such as the CPI excluding food and energy a good indicator of core inflation? At the meeting of the 1996 Price Measurement Advisory Committee, a review of the literature on core inflation was presented. The Committee recommended taking a closer look at a weighted median index as a means of estimating core inflation. This study deals with the question of a weighted median index and covers the period of January 1985 to January 1997. The rates of change in the weighted median index calculated from monthly movements are quite often lower than the rates of change in the official index. This behaviour reflects the usual distribution of monthly price movements for the CPI, meaning a large proportion of the monthly movements are close to zero, and the remaining price movements are, in majority, positive. Because of this behaviour of monthly movements, the weighted median index advances much more slowly than the official index. This behaviour is just as evident when inflation advances at annual rates of 4% to 5% as when it ranges around 2%. An index based on the weighted median of monthly movements in the CPI yields somewhat disconcerting results. Even though some think that the official CPI does not clearly reflect the concept of core inflation, one does not necessarily expect to see such a large gap develop over time.

Description:

The following article was compiled and published by Industry Canada and reprinted here with permission. It is based on the Micro-Economic Monitor Special Report: "Aboriginal Entrepreneurs in Canada - Progress & Prospects", a collaboration between the Department's Micro-Economic Policy Analysis Branch and Aboriginal Business Canada program. The Report combined findings from two Statistics Canada sources: the 1996 Census of Population and the 1996 Aboriginal Business Survey (ABS). The ABS was administered to a sample of some 2,500 Aboriginal business owners from across Canada.

Description:

Health Reports, published by the Health Analysis Division of Statistics Canada, is a peer-reviewed journal of population health and health services research. It is designed for a broad audience that includes health professionals, researchers, policymakers, and the general public. The journal publishes articles of wide interest that contain original and timely analyses of national or provincial/territorial surveys or administrative databases. New articles are published electronically each month.

Health Reports had an impact factor of 5.0 for 2022 and a five-year impact factor of 5.6. All articles are indexed in PubMed. Our online catalogue is free and receives more than 700,000 visits per year. External submissions are welcome.

Description: Every year, Statistics Canada collects data from hundreds of surveys. As the amount of data gathered increases, Statistics Canada has introduced infographics to help people, business owners, academics, and management at all levels, understand key information derived from the data. Infographics can be used to quickly communicate a message, to simplify the presentation of large amounts of data, to see data patterns and relationships, and to monitor changes in variables over time.

These infographics will provide a quick overview of Statistics Canada survey data.

Description: Statistics Canada regularly prepares presentations with statistical findings about the country’s economy, society and environment. These presentations may be intended for conferences, meetings with stakeholders, or other events held throughout the year to provide Statistics Canada with an opportunity to promote the role of official statistics and to better understand data users’ needs. This series provides online access to these presentations as well as new presentations created to help communicate research findings on a wide range of subjects to a broad audience.

Description: The ‘Eh Sayers’ podcast explores data of interest to Canadians, like social or news-worthy topics. It also aims to foster data literacy and deliver insight into the lives of Canadians by exploring the data the agency produces and tying it to real life situations through storytelling.

Description: This publication provides in-depth analysis and detailed statistics on a variety of topics and issues related to justice and public safety. Topics include crime, victimization, homicide, civil, family and criminal courts, and correctional services. Issues related to community safety, and perceptions of safety are also covered. The publication is intended for those with an interest in Canada's justice and public safety systems as well as those who plan, establish, administer and evaluate programs and projects related to justice and public safety.

Description: The Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series provides for the circulation of research conducted by Analytical Studies Branch staff and collaborators. The Series is intended to stimulate discussion on a variety of topics, such as labour, immigration, education and skills, income mobility, well-being, aging, firm dynamics, productivity, economic transitions, and economic geography. Readers of the Series are encouraged to contact the authors with their comments and suggestions. All the papers in the Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series go through institutional and peer review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate as a governmental statistical agency and adhere to generally accepted standards of good professional practice.

Description: This publication presents key highlights and results from the General Social Survey on the topics of caregiving and care receiving; social identity; giving, volunteering and participating; victimization; time use; and family.

Description: The Prices Analytical Series provides research and analysis pertaining to price indices. The Analytical series is intended to stimulate discussion on a variety of topics related to the analysis of the evolution of prices through time or space.

Description: Economic and Social Reports includes in-depth research, brief analyses, and current economic updates on a variety of topics, such as labour, immigration, education and skills, income mobility, well-being, aging, firm dynamics, productivity, economic transitions, and economic geography. All the papers are institutionally reviewed and the research and analytical papers undergo peer review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate as a governmental statistical agency and adhere to generally accepted standards of good professional practice.

Description: This thematic series groups different statistical products related to ethnicity, languages, and immigration. It features analytical documents of varying scopes, such as population profiles, reference materials, data products (including tables and factsheets), among other document types.