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All (22)
All (22) (0 to 10 of 22 results)
- 1. Comparison of survey regression techniques in the context of small area estimation of poverty ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X201000211378Description:
One key to poverty alleviation or eradication in the third world is reliable information on the poor and their location, so that interventions and assistance can be effectively targeted to the neediest people. Small area estimation is one statistical technique that is used to monitor poverty and to decide on aid allocation in pursuit of the Millennium Development Goals. Elbers, Lanjouw and Lanjouw (ELL) (2003) proposed a small area estimation methodology for income-based or expenditure-based poverty measures, which is implemented by the World Bank in its poverty mapping projects via the involvement of the central statistical agencies in many third world countries, including Cambodia, Lao PDR, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam, and is incorporated into the World Bank software program PovMap. In this paper, the ELL methodology which consists of first modeling survey data and then applying that model to census information is presented and discussed with strong emphasis on the first phase, i.e., the fitting of regression models and on the estimated standard errors at the second phase. Other regression model fitting procedures such as the General Survey Regression (GSR) (as described in Lohr (1999) Chapter 11) and those used in existing small area estimation techniques: Pseudo-Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (Pseudo-EBLUP) approach (You and Rao 2002) and Iterative Weighted Estimating Equation (IWEE) method (You, Rao and Kovacevic 2003) are presented and compared with the ELL modeling strategy. The most significant difference between the ELL method and the other techniques is in the theoretical underpinning of the ELL model fitting procedure. An example based on the Philippines Family Income and Expenditure Survey is presented to show the differences in both the parameter estimates and their corresponding standard errors, and in the variance components generated from the different methods and the discussion is extended to the effect of these on the estimated accuracy of the final small area estimates themselves. The need for sound estimation of variance components, as well as regression estimates and estimates of their standard errors for small area estimation of poverty is emphasized.
Release date: 2010-12-21 - 2. Respondent differences and length of data collection in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X201000211384Description:
The current economic downturn in the US could challenge costly strategies in survey operations. In the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), ending the monthly data collection at 31 days could be a less costly alternative. However, this could potentially exclude a portion of interviews completed after 31 days (late responders) whose respondent characteristics could be different in many respects from those who completed the survey within 31 days (early responders). We examined whether there are differences between the early and late responders in demographics, health-care coverage, general health status, health risk behaviors, and chronic disease conditions or illnesses. We used 2007 BRFSS data, where a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized adult U.S. population was selected using a random digit dialing method. Late responders were significantly more likely to be male; to report race/ethnicity as Hispanic; to have annual income higher than $50,000; to be younger than 45 years of age; to have less than high school education; to have health-care coverage; to be significantly more likely to report good health; and to be significantly less likely to report hypertension, diabetes, or being obese. The observed differences between early and late responders on survey estimates may hardly influence national and state-level estimates. As the proportion of late responders may increase in the future, its impact on surveillance estimates should be examined before excluding from the analysis. Analysis on late responders only should combine several years of data to produce reliable estimates.
Release date: 2010-12-21 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X201000211385Description:
In this short note, we show that simple random sampling without replacement and Bernoulli sampling have approximately the same entropy when the population size is large. An empirical example is given as an illustration.
Release date: 2010-12-21 - Articles and reports: 75-001-X201010913257Geography: CanadaDescription:
Using the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada, this study sheds light on a specific aspect of newcomers' settlement-recognition of their foreign credentials and work experience in relation to their individual characteristics. These characteristics range from class of immigrant (skilled-worker principal applicants, family class, refugees, etc.), education and field of study to country where the highest credential was earned, and knowledge of English or French. The study also examines foreign credential and work experience recognition at three time points over a four-year period-six months, two years and four years after landing.
Release date: 2010-12-20 - Articles and reports: 81-595-M2010087Geography: CanadaDescription:
This report examines the link between educational pathways and labour market outcomes of youth from all 5 cycles of the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS-Cohort B). The educational pathways are organized according to three major criteria: (1) No postsecondary education, (2) Direct route to postsecondary education, and (3) Indirect route to postsecondary education. Data from Cycle 5 of YITS, when youth were aged 26 to 28, provide a relatively complete examination of labour market outcomes as rising rates of participation in postsecondary education in Canada have led to a delay in entry into the labour market for many young adults. The current report focuses on two labour market outcomes full-year employment and annual earnings' at two different time points -- 1 to 2 years and 5 to 6 years after respondents have left school on a full-time basis. Results highlight the positive influence of a university education on labour market outcomes, especially several years after leaving school. Moreover, there is some weak evidence to suggest that university graduates who delayed going to a postsecondary program were more likely than their counterparts who had not delayed to be employed several years after leaving school.
Release date: 2010-12-17 - Articles and reports: 16-002-X201000411372Geography: CanadaDescription:
Potable water of sufficient quality and in adequate quantities is fundamental to human health and the economy. This article examines temporal and geographic variations in drinking water production volumes.
Release date: 2010-12-08 - 7. The use of transportation by seniors in Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 16-002-X201000411373Geography: CanadaDescription:
A focus on the use of transportation by older Canadians has important implications because of the large number of baby boomers that will soon be turning 65. This article looks at transportation used by senior Canadians, using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey: Healthy Aging.
Release date: 2010-12-08 - Articles and reports: 11-008-X201100111365Geography: CanadaDescription:
In society today, many Canadians are concerned about the environment and the scarcity of resources. Consequently, many individuals and governments are seeking ways to reduce or alter energy and water consumption patterns. This article uses data from the 2007 Households and the Environment Survey to examine the association between income, education, ownership, age of dwelling and years lived at the dwelling and the use of low-volume toilets; low-flow showerheads; compact fluorescent light bulbs; programmable thermostats; and appliances bought to save energy or water.
Release date: 2010-12-07 - 9. H1N1 vaccination ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X201000411348Geography: CanadaDescription:
Based on data from the 2010 Canadian Community Health Survey, this study examines uptake of the H1N1 vaccine. Socio-demographic, priority group and health service characteristics of those who were vaccinated, along with reasons for not doing so, are analyzed.
Release date: 2010-09-30 - Articles and reports: 11-008-X201000211335Geography: CanadaDescription:
Women have made substantial gains in education over the last few decades and are now more likely to have a university degree than men. At the same time, the conjugal situation of female university graduates has changed considerably. Using data from the 1981 to 2006 Censuses, this article examines how the propensity to form unions (marriage or common-law) has changed for women with university degrees compared to those without a university education. It also compares the incidence of female university graduates forming unions with similarly educated males over time.
Release date: 2010-09-09
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Articles and reports (22)
Articles and reports (22) (0 to 10 of 22 results)
- 1. Comparison of survey regression techniques in the context of small area estimation of poverty ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X201000211378Description:
One key to poverty alleviation or eradication in the third world is reliable information on the poor and their location, so that interventions and assistance can be effectively targeted to the neediest people. Small area estimation is one statistical technique that is used to monitor poverty and to decide on aid allocation in pursuit of the Millennium Development Goals. Elbers, Lanjouw and Lanjouw (ELL) (2003) proposed a small area estimation methodology for income-based or expenditure-based poverty measures, which is implemented by the World Bank in its poverty mapping projects via the involvement of the central statistical agencies in many third world countries, including Cambodia, Lao PDR, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam, and is incorporated into the World Bank software program PovMap. In this paper, the ELL methodology which consists of first modeling survey data and then applying that model to census information is presented and discussed with strong emphasis on the first phase, i.e., the fitting of regression models and on the estimated standard errors at the second phase. Other regression model fitting procedures such as the General Survey Regression (GSR) (as described in Lohr (1999) Chapter 11) and those used in existing small area estimation techniques: Pseudo-Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (Pseudo-EBLUP) approach (You and Rao 2002) and Iterative Weighted Estimating Equation (IWEE) method (You, Rao and Kovacevic 2003) are presented and compared with the ELL modeling strategy. The most significant difference between the ELL method and the other techniques is in the theoretical underpinning of the ELL model fitting procedure. An example based on the Philippines Family Income and Expenditure Survey is presented to show the differences in both the parameter estimates and their corresponding standard errors, and in the variance components generated from the different methods and the discussion is extended to the effect of these on the estimated accuracy of the final small area estimates themselves. The need for sound estimation of variance components, as well as regression estimates and estimates of their standard errors for small area estimation of poverty is emphasized.
Release date: 2010-12-21 - 2. Respondent differences and length of data collection in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X201000211384Description:
The current economic downturn in the US could challenge costly strategies in survey operations. In the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), ending the monthly data collection at 31 days could be a less costly alternative. However, this could potentially exclude a portion of interviews completed after 31 days (late responders) whose respondent characteristics could be different in many respects from those who completed the survey within 31 days (early responders). We examined whether there are differences between the early and late responders in demographics, health-care coverage, general health status, health risk behaviors, and chronic disease conditions or illnesses. We used 2007 BRFSS data, where a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized adult U.S. population was selected using a random digit dialing method. Late responders were significantly more likely to be male; to report race/ethnicity as Hispanic; to have annual income higher than $50,000; to be younger than 45 years of age; to have less than high school education; to have health-care coverage; to be significantly more likely to report good health; and to be significantly less likely to report hypertension, diabetes, or being obese. The observed differences between early and late responders on survey estimates may hardly influence national and state-level estimates. As the proportion of late responders may increase in the future, its impact on surveillance estimates should be examined before excluding from the analysis. Analysis on late responders only should combine several years of data to produce reliable estimates.
Release date: 2010-12-21 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X201000211385Description:
In this short note, we show that simple random sampling without replacement and Bernoulli sampling have approximately the same entropy when the population size is large. An empirical example is given as an illustration.
Release date: 2010-12-21 - Articles and reports: 75-001-X201010913257Geography: CanadaDescription:
Using the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada, this study sheds light on a specific aspect of newcomers' settlement-recognition of their foreign credentials and work experience in relation to their individual characteristics. These characteristics range from class of immigrant (skilled-worker principal applicants, family class, refugees, etc.), education and field of study to country where the highest credential was earned, and knowledge of English or French. The study also examines foreign credential and work experience recognition at three time points over a four-year period-six months, two years and four years after landing.
Release date: 2010-12-20 - Articles and reports: 81-595-M2010087Geography: CanadaDescription:
This report examines the link between educational pathways and labour market outcomes of youth from all 5 cycles of the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS-Cohort B). The educational pathways are organized according to three major criteria: (1) No postsecondary education, (2) Direct route to postsecondary education, and (3) Indirect route to postsecondary education. Data from Cycle 5 of YITS, when youth were aged 26 to 28, provide a relatively complete examination of labour market outcomes as rising rates of participation in postsecondary education in Canada have led to a delay in entry into the labour market for many young adults. The current report focuses on two labour market outcomes full-year employment and annual earnings' at two different time points -- 1 to 2 years and 5 to 6 years after respondents have left school on a full-time basis. Results highlight the positive influence of a university education on labour market outcomes, especially several years after leaving school. Moreover, there is some weak evidence to suggest that university graduates who delayed going to a postsecondary program were more likely than their counterparts who had not delayed to be employed several years after leaving school.
Release date: 2010-12-17 - Articles and reports: 16-002-X201000411372Geography: CanadaDescription:
Potable water of sufficient quality and in adequate quantities is fundamental to human health and the economy. This article examines temporal and geographic variations in drinking water production volumes.
Release date: 2010-12-08 - 7. The use of transportation by seniors in Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 16-002-X201000411373Geography: CanadaDescription:
A focus on the use of transportation by older Canadians has important implications because of the large number of baby boomers that will soon be turning 65. This article looks at transportation used by senior Canadians, using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey: Healthy Aging.
Release date: 2010-12-08 - Articles and reports: 11-008-X201100111365Geography: CanadaDescription:
In society today, many Canadians are concerned about the environment and the scarcity of resources. Consequently, many individuals and governments are seeking ways to reduce or alter energy and water consumption patterns. This article uses data from the 2007 Households and the Environment Survey to examine the association between income, education, ownership, age of dwelling and years lived at the dwelling and the use of low-volume toilets; low-flow showerheads; compact fluorescent light bulbs; programmable thermostats; and appliances bought to save energy or water.
Release date: 2010-12-07 - 9. H1N1 vaccination ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X201000411348Geography: CanadaDescription:
Based on data from the 2010 Canadian Community Health Survey, this study examines uptake of the H1N1 vaccine. Socio-demographic, priority group and health service characteristics of those who were vaccinated, along with reasons for not doing so, are analyzed.
Release date: 2010-09-30 - Articles and reports: 11-008-X201000211335Geography: CanadaDescription:
Women have made substantial gains in education over the last few decades and are now more likely to have a university degree than men. At the same time, the conjugal situation of female university graduates has changed considerably. Using data from the 1981 to 2006 Censuses, this article examines how the propensity to form unions (marriage or common-law) has changed for women with university degrees compared to those without a university education. It also compares the incidence of female university graduates forming unions with similarly educated males over time.
Release date: 2010-09-09
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