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All (7)

All (7) ((7 results))

  • 1. Estimating Markups Using Firm-Level Data: A Comparative Analysis
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2025001
    Description: Markups, the ratio of price over marginal cost of a product, can be used as a measure of market power. The increase in markups is associated with lower consumer welfare, increased inefficiency and fewer firm dynamics in an economy. Therefore, it is important to know the dynamic of markups over time. Recently, a wave of “production function” approaches has been used to estimate markups using accounting data at the firm level. However, the literature on firm-level markup estimation suffers from two problems: the lack of a reliable measure of variable input cost and the sample selection bias due to the use of only publicly traded firms. To address these issues, this paper uses firm-level accounting data from the National Accounts Longitudinal Microdata File (NALMF) maintained by Statistics Canada.
    Release date: 2025-01-21
  • 2. Technology adoption by women-owned businesses in Canada
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400800003
    Description: Technology adoption is essential for improving the growth, productivity and competitiveness of businesses. This paper links two cycles (2017 and 2019) of the Survey of Innovation and Business Strategy with the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database to study the use of advanced and emerging technologies by women- and men-owned businesses in Canada.
    Release date: 2024-08-28
  • 3. Use of Government COVID-19 Liquidity Support Programs by Immigrant-owned Businesses and Those Owned by Canadian-born Individuals
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2024002
    Description: Immigrant-owned businesses were more likely to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic than other businesses, as they were more concentrated in industries requiring in-person contact and were smaller in scale. To support businesses affected by the pandemic, the Government of Canada launched various COVID-19 liquidity support programs, including the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS), the Canada Emergency Commercial Rent Assistance (CECRA), the Canada Emergency Rent Subsidy (CERS) and the Canada Emergency Business Account (CEBA). These programs were designed to help affected businesses by partially covering their main expenses, such as wages, rent and property expenses.
    Release date: 2024-03-06
  • 4. Use of government business liquidity support by child care businesses in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301000002
    Description: To alleviate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on businesses, the Government of Canada launched various liquidity support programs. This study examines the use of four emergency government support programs—the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS), the Canada Emergency Commercial Rent Assistance (CECRA), the Canada Emergency Rent Subsidy (CERS) and the Canada Emergency Business Account (CEBA)—by the child care businesses that qualified for them.
    Release date: 2023-10-25
  • 5. Markups and inflation: Evidence from firm-level data
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300600004
    Description: In the past two years, Canada has experienced inflation rates that have not been seen in the past two decades. The rise of markups, i.e., price over marginal cost, can be one of the potential drivers or amplifiers of inflation. This study uses firm-level data to estimate markups in Canada's pre- and post-COVID.
    Release date: 2023-06-28
  • 6. Inflationary pressures, wages and profits
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300600005
    Description: The recent period of high inflation has prompted a number of studies examining its causes and consequences. Of particular interest if whether “greedflation”, the situation where businesses are taking the opportunity in a high inflationary environment to increase their prices above their underlying costs of production in order to garner higher profits. This article sheds light on this by investigating how labour costs (primarily wages and salaries), and non-labour costs (primarily returns to capital) are evolving relative to inflation.
    Release date: 2023-06-28
  • 7. Improving the measurement of the contribution of women to the economy: Estimates of gross domestic product by gender
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202201000003
    Description:

    This paper estimates and examines the contribution to Gross domestic product (GDP) by men and by women in the Canadian economy for the first time. Up to now, increases in the educational attainment of women and their participation in the market economy are reflected in education and labour market statistics but the contribution of men and women to production has not been delineated. The paper implements a new method for measuring GDP for men and women between 2008 and 2018 based on administrative records. It informs on the rising share of activity attributable to women and documents those areas of GDP where women make the largest and smallest contributions.

    Release date: 2022-10-27
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Articles and reports (7)

Articles and reports (7) ((7 results))

  • 1. Estimating Markups Using Firm-Level Data: A Comparative Analysis
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2025001
    Description: Markups, the ratio of price over marginal cost of a product, can be used as a measure of market power. The increase in markups is associated with lower consumer welfare, increased inefficiency and fewer firm dynamics in an economy. Therefore, it is important to know the dynamic of markups over time. Recently, a wave of “production function” approaches has been used to estimate markups using accounting data at the firm level. However, the literature on firm-level markup estimation suffers from two problems: the lack of a reliable measure of variable input cost and the sample selection bias due to the use of only publicly traded firms. To address these issues, this paper uses firm-level accounting data from the National Accounts Longitudinal Microdata File (NALMF) maintained by Statistics Canada.
    Release date: 2025-01-21
  • 2. Technology adoption by women-owned businesses in Canada
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400800003
    Description: Technology adoption is essential for improving the growth, productivity and competitiveness of businesses. This paper links two cycles (2017 and 2019) of the Survey of Innovation and Business Strategy with the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database to study the use of advanced and emerging technologies by women- and men-owned businesses in Canada.
    Release date: 2024-08-28
  • 3. Use of Government COVID-19 Liquidity Support Programs by Immigrant-owned Businesses and Those Owned by Canadian-born Individuals
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2024002
    Description: Immigrant-owned businesses were more likely to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic than other businesses, as they were more concentrated in industries requiring in-person contact and were smaller in scale. To support businesses affected by the pandemic, the Government of Canada launched various COVID-19 liquidity support programs, including the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS), the Canada Emergency Commercial Rent Assistance (CECRA), the Canada Emergency Rent Subsidy (CERS) and the Canada Emergency Business Account (CEBA). These programs were designed to help affected businesses by partially covering their main expenses, such as wages, rent and property expenses.
    Release date: 2024-03-06
  • 4. Use of government business liquidity support by child care businesses in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301000002
    Description: To alleviate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on businesses, the Government of Canada launched various liquidity support programs. This study examines the use of four emergency government support programs—the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS), the Canada Emergency Commercial Rent Assistance (CECRA), the Canada Emergency Rent Subsidy (CERS) and the Canada Emergency Business Account (CEBA)—by the child care businesses that qualified for them.
    Release date: 2023-10-25
  • 5. Markups and inflation: Evidence from firm-level data
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300600004
    Description: In the past two years, Canada has experienced inflation rates that have not been seen in the past two decades. The rise of markups, i.e., price over marginal cost, can be one of the potential drivers or amplifiers of inflation. This study uses firm-level data to estimate markups in Canada's pre- and post-COVID.
    Release date: 2023-06-28
  • 6. Inflationary pressures, wages and profits
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300600005
    Description: The recent period of high inflation has prompted a number of studies examining its causes and consequences. Of particular interest if whether “greedflation”, the situation where businesses are taking the opportunity in a high inflationary environment to increase their prices above their underlying costs of production in order to garner higher profits. This article sheds light on this by investigating how labour costs (primarily wages and salaries), and non-labour costs (primarily returns to capital) are evolving relative to inflation.
    Release date: 2023-06-28
  • 7. Improving the measurement of the contribution of women to the economy: Estimates of gross domestic product by gender
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202201000003
    Description:

    This paper estimates and examines the contribution to Gross domestic product (GDP) by men and by women in the Canadian economy for the first time. Up to now, increases in the educational attainment of women and their participation in the market economy are reflected in education and labour market statistics but the contribution of men and women to production has not been delineated. The paper implements a new method for measuring GDP for men and women between 2008 and 2018 based on administrative records. It informs on the rising share of activity attributable to women and documents those areas of GDP where women make the largest and smallest contributions.

    Release date: 2022-10-27
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