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- Articles and reports: 67F0001M2004022Geography: CanadaDescription:
Canada's balance of payments with the United States should be, in principle, the mirror image of the U.S. balance of payments with Canada. In practice, however, the two countries' statistics have conceptual, methodological and data differences.
Each year, the two countries' balance of payments current accounts are reconciled to reflect how the estimates would appear if both countries used common definitions, methodologies and data sources. Such reconciliation is important because of the extensive economic links between the two countries and the need to explain differences in their published official bilateral estimates.
Release date: 2004-12-22 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2004026Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper develops a production framework that allows for self-supplied water intake, an unpriced 'natural' input. The framework is then exploited to estimate the corresponding water shadow prices and to assess the extent to which water impacts on the multifactor productivity performance of the Canadian business sector's industries.
Release date: 2004-12-01 - 3. The Pumpkin: A Growing Vegetable ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-621-M2004018Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article examines the growth in pumpkin production and its relationship to the agro-tourism industry. Farmers now offer enticements to encourage tourists to visit their farms, including Halloween activities and bakery products. The article uses data from the 1986 and 2001 censuses.
Release date: 2004-10-28 - 4. Homicide in Canada, 2003 ArchivedArticles and reports: 85-002-X20040088407Geography: CanadaDescription:
This report examines homicide in Canada. Detailed information is presented on the characteristics of homicide incidents (murder, manslaughter and infanticide), victims and accused. Geographical patterns of homicide are examined at the national, provincial/territorial and metropolitan levels. Other key themes include international comparisons of homicide, gang-related homicides, firearm-related homicides, youth homicide and family (including spousal) homicides.
Release date: 2004-09-29 - 5. Immigrants in demand: Staying or leaving? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X20040027004Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article explores the growing evidence that even some highly skilled immigrant workers are facing employment barriers that may increase their likelihood of leaving Canada. Using the Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB), landed immigrants are examined who arrived between 1990 and 1998 and intended to work as IT workers, physicians and health care managers or trades workers.
Release date: 2004-09-14 - 6. Comparison of design-based and model-based methods in analyzing complex health survey data: A case study ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X20020016708Description:
In this paper, we discuss the analysis of complex health survey data by using multivariate modelling techniques. Main interests are in various design-based and model-based methods that aim at accounting for the design complexities, including clustering, stratification and weighting. Methods covered include generalized linear modelling based on pseudo-likelihood and generalized estimating equations, linear mixed models estimated by restricted maximum likelihood, and hierarchical Bayes techniques using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. The methods will be compared empirically, using data from an extensive health interview and examination survey conducted in Finland in 2000 (Health 2000 Study).
The data of the Health 2000 Study were collected using personal interviews, questionnaires and clinical examinations. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling design was used in the survey. The sampling design involved positive intra-cluster correlation for many study variables. For a closer investigation, we selected a small number of study variables from the health interview and health examination phases. In many cases, the different methods produced similar numerical results and supported similar statistical conclusions. Methods that failed to account for the design complexities sometimes led to conflicting conclusions. We also discuss the application of the methods in this paper by using standard statistical software products.
Release date: 2004-09-13 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X20020016713Description:
This paper explores the relationship between low income and prevalence of asthma. The genetic and environmental determinants are incompletely understood. It has been observed in a previous study that Canadians with low incomes are at increased risk of asthma. Based on data from 17,605 subjects 12 years of age or older who participated in the first cycle of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) from 1994 to 1995, males and females with low incomes had 1.44- and 1.33-fold increases, respectively, in the prevalence of asthma compared with their counterparts with high incomes. However, there was no significant difference observed between middle and high income categories. Therefore, it is not clear if there is a more systematic relationship between income adequacy and asthma occurrence. A much larger sample size of the second cycle of the NPHS allowed us to further explore if the prevalence of asthma increases with decreasing income adequacy among Canadians.
Release date: 2004-09-13 - 8. The dynamics of income in four countries ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X20020016747Description:
This project seeks to shed light not only on the degree to which individuals are stuck in the low-income range, but also on those who have sufficient opportunity to move into the upper part of the income distribution. It also seeks to compare patterns of mobility through the income distribution in North America and Europe, shedding light on the impact of different models of integration. Cross-National Equivalent File data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) for the United Kingdom, the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) for Germany, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) for the United States and the Survey of Labour Income Dynamics (SLID) for Canada offer a comparative analysis of the dynamics of household income during the 1990s, paying particular attention to both low- and high-income dynamics. Canadian administrative data drawn from income tax files are also used. These panel datasets range in length from six years (for the SLID) to almost 20 years (for the PSID and the Canadian administrative data). The analysis focuses on developments during the 1990s, but also explores the sensitivity of the results to changes in the length of the period analysed.
The analysis begins by offering a broad descriptive overview of the major characteristics and events (demographic versus labour market) that determine levels and changes in adjusted household incomes. Attention is paid to movements into and out of low- and high- income ranges. A number of definitions are used, incorporating absolute and relative notions of poverty. The sensitivity of the results to the use of various equivalence scales is examined. An overview offers a broad picture of the state of household income in each country and the relative roles of family structure, the labour market and welfare state in determining income mobility. The paper employs discrete time-hazard methods to model the dynamics of entry to and exit from both low and high income.
Both observed and unobserved heterogeneity are controlled for with the intention of highlighting differences in the determinants of the transition rates between the countries. This is done in a way that assesses the importance of the relative roles of family, market and state. Attention is also paid to important institutional changes, most notably the increasing integration of product and labour markets in North America and Europe.
Release date: 2004-09-13 - 9. Self-employment Activity in Rural Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 21-006-X2004005Geography: CanadaDescription:
This bulletin focuses on self-employment activity among workers aged 20 to 64 years. This analysis is based on data from the Census of Population, 1981 to 2001.
Release date: 2004-07-23 - Articles and reports: 21-601-M2004071Description:
This paper looks at non-farm trends for rural women using data from the 1981 to 2001 Censuses of Population.
Release date: 2004-07-23
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Articles and reports (19)
Articles and reports (19) (0 to 10 of 19 results)
- Articles and reports: 67F0001M2004022Geography: CanadaDescription:
Canada's balance of payments with the United States should be, in principle, the mirror image of the U.S. balance of payments with Canada. In practice, however, the two countries' statistics have conceptual, methodological and data differences.
Each year, the two countries' balance of payments current accounts are reconciled to reflect how the estimates would appear if both countries used common definitions, methodologies and data sources. Such reconciliation is important because of the extensive economic links between the two countries and the need to explain differences in their published official bilateral estimates.
Release date: 2004-12-22 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2004026Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper develops a production framework that allows for self-supplied water intake, an unpriced 'natural' input. The framework is then exploited to estimate the corresponding water shadow prices and to assess the extent to which water impacts on the multifactor productivity performance of the Canadian business sector's industries.
Release date: 2004-12-01 - 3. The Pumpkin: A Growing Vegetable ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-621-M2004018Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article examines the growth in pumpkin production and its relationship to the agro-tourism industry. Farmers now offer enticements to encourage tourists to visit their farms, including Halloween activities and bakery products. The article uses data from the 1986 and 2001 censuses.
Release date: 2004-10-28 - 4. Homicide in Canada, 2003 ArchivedArticles and reports: 85-002-X20040088407Geography: CanadaDescription:
This report examines homicide in Canada. Detailed information is presented on the characteristics of homicide incidents (murder, manslaughter and infanticide), victims and accused. Geographical patterns of homicide are examined at the national, provincial/territorial and metropolitan levels. Other key themes include international comparisons of homicide, gang-related homicides, firearm-related homicides, youth homicide and family (including spousal) homicides.
Release date: 2004-09-29 - 5. Immigrants in demand: Staying or leaving? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X20040027004Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article explores the growing evidence that even some highly skilled immigrant workers are facing employment barriers that may increase their likelihood of leaving Canada. Using the Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB), landed immigrants are examined who arrived between 1990 and 1998 and intended to work as IT workers, physicians and health care managers or trades workers.
Release date: 2004-09-14 - 6. Comparison of design-based and model-based methods in analyzing complex health survey data: A case study ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X20020016708Description:
In this paper, we discuss the analysis of complex health survey data by using multivariate modelling techniques. Main interests are in various design-based and model-based methods that aim at accounting for the design complexities, including clustering, stratification and weighting. Methods covered include generalized linear modelling based on pseudo-likelihood and generalized estimating equations, linear mixed models estimated by restricted maximum likelihood, and hierarchical Bayes techniques using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. The methods will be compared empirically, using data from an extensive health interview and examination survey conducted in Finland in 2000 (Health 2000 Study).
The data of the Health 2000 Study were collected using personal interviews, questionnaires and clinical examinations. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling design was used in the survey. The sampling design involved positive intra-cluster correlation for many study variables. For a closer investigation, we selected a small number of study variables from the health interview and health examination phases. In many cases, the different methods produced similar numerical results and supported similar statistical conclusions. Methods that failed to account for the design complexities sometimes led to conflicting conclusions. We also discuss the application of the methods in this paper by using standard statistical software products.
Release date: 2004-09-13 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X20020016713Description:
This paper explores the relationship between low income and prevalence of asthma. The genetic and environmental determinants are incompletely understood. It has been observed in a previous study that Canadians with low incomes are at increased risk of asthma. Based on data from 17,605 subjects 12 years of age or older who participated in the first cycle of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) from 1994 to 1995, males and females with low incomes had 1.44- and 1.33-fold increases, respectively, in the prevalence of asthma compared with their counterparts with high incomes. However, there was no significant difference observed between middle and high income categories. Therefore, it is not clear if there is a more systematic relationship between income adequacy and asthma occurrence. A much larger sample size of the second cycle of the NPHS allowed us to further explore if the prevalence of asthma increases with decreasing income adequacy among Canadians.
Release date: 2004-09-13 - 8. The dynamics of income in four countries ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X20020016747Description:
This project seeks to shed light not only on the degree to which individuals are stuck in the low-income range, but also on those who have sufficient opportunity to move into the upper part of the income distribution. It also seeks to compare patterns of mobility through the income distribution in North America and Europe, shedding light on the impact of different models of integration. Cross-National Equivalent File data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) for the United Kingdom, the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) for Germany, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) for the United States and the Survey of Labour Income Dynamics (SLID) for Canada offer a comparative analysis of the dynamics of household income during the 1990s, paying particular attention to both low- and high-income dynamics. Canadian administrative data drawn from income tax files are also used. These panel datasets range in length from six years (for the SLID) to almost 20 years (for the PSID and the Canadian administrative data). The analysis focuses on developments during the 1990s, but also explores the sensitivity of the results to changes in the length of the period analysed.
The analysis begins by offering a broad descriptive overview of the major characteristics and events (demographic versus labour market) that determine levels and changes in adjusted household incomes. Attention is paid to movements into and out of low- and high- income ranges. A number of definitions are used, incorporating absolute and relative notions of poverty. The sensitivity of the results to the use of various equivalence scales is examined. An overview offers a broad picture of the state of household income in each country and the relative roles of family structure, the labour market and welfare state in determining income mobility. The paper employs discrete time-hazard methods to model the dynamics of entry to and exit from both low and high income.
Both observed and unobserved heterogeneity are controlled for with the intention of highlighting differences in the determinants of the transition rates between the countries. This is done in a way that assesses the importance of the relative roles of family, market and state. Attention is also paid to important institutional changes, most notably the increasing integration of product and labour markets in North America and Europe.
Release date: 2004-09-13 - 9. Self-employment Activity in Rural Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 21-006-X2004005Geography: CanadaDescription:
This bulletin focuses on self-employment activity among workers aged 20 to 64 years. This analysis is based on data from the Census of Population, 1981 to 2001.
Release date: 2004-07-23 - Articles and reports: 21-601-M2004071Description:
This paper looks at non-farm trends for rural women using data from the 1981 to 2001 Censuses of Population.
Release date: 2004-07-23
Journals and periodicals (1)
Journals and periodicals (1) ((1 result))
- Journals and periodicals: 51-502-XGeography: Census metropolitan areaDescription:
Aviation passenger traffic in Calgary and Edmonton were roughly equal in 1963 but the Calgary market has grown much larger than that of Edmonton. Reasons for growth in these two aviation markets often returned to the debate over a divided aviation market as the result of two airports (Edmonton) versus one at their major competitor (Calgary). It was often suggested that if flights could be consolidated into one airport, «market share» would cease to be lost to the competing airport.
Major socio-economic variables used in airport passenger forecasting are examined to see if they help to explain the different growth patterns. Population does not appear to explain the differences. Income may be one explanatory factor, with the larger concentration of higher incomes in Calgary. The immigrant population of Calgary has grown faster in the last decade and net migration to Calgary from elsewhere in Canada has been higher--both could stimulate travel. With respect to economic activity stimulating aviation, Calgary has recently led Edmonton in the value of building permits, full-time employment and head office employment. While the socio-economic variables have favoured Calgary, especially in recent years, the decline of Edmonton's passenger aviation traffic, relative to Calgary, has slowed. This has occurred after the moving of most commercial aviation passenger flights from Edmonton City Centre airport to Edmonton International airport. This may support the position that Edmonton was losing aviation passenger traffic to Calgary before the consolidation of commercial aviation flights at Edmonton international airport.
Release date: 2004-05-12
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