Employment and unemployment

All (623) (500 to 510 of 623 results)

• 501. Rising Self-employment in the Midst of High Unemployment: An Empirical Analysis of Recent Developments in Canada Archived

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M1999133

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  This paper highlights recent developments in self-employment in Canada and explores its relationship to unemployment/full-time paid-employment. There are now two and a half million Canadians working at their own businesses, amounting to 16.2% of the total labour force or accounting for 17.8% of total employment. In the first eight years of the 1990s, self-employment on average expanded by 4.1% per year, contributing to over three out of four new jobs the economy has created. Entry and exit data demonstrate that there are substantial flows into and out of this sector of the economy. Gross flows into and out of self-employment as the main labour market activity averaged nearly half a million per year between 1982 and 1994, amounting to 42% of the total self-employed population.

  The fixed-effects modelling results show a statistically significant but empirically small negative (positive) relationship between self-employment and unemployment (full-time paid- employment). This conclusion holds true across different data sources, for different time periods, for different measures and definitions, for different empirical samples, and across various estimating techniques. There is also a statistically significant but empirically small negative (positive) relationship between exits out of self-employment and unemployment (full-time paid- employment). It appears that a host of non-cyclical factors are behind the recent surge in self-employment.

  Release date: 1999-04-27

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• 502. Determinants of postsecondary participation Archived

  Articles and reports: 81-003-X19980034470

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  In today's changing economy, government, policy organizations, and members of the business community all emphasize the importance of knowledge, skills and lifelong learning for individuals to succeed in the labour market and for the economy to grow. Postsecondary education has been targeted as one of the key vehicles for producing a labour force ready to meet the challenge of the new workplace.

  Release date: 1999-03-31

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• 503. Youth employment: a lesson on its decline Archived

  Articles and reports: 81-003-X19980034471

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  Earlier this decade, labour market conditions for young Canadians aged 15-24 deteriorated significantly. In the late 1980s, youths were more likely to be working than were adults. By 1997, only about half were employed, almost ten percentage points less than adults. Furthermore, when they did find work, youths today are more likely to be working part-time compared to adults and compared to yourths at the start of the decade, leading to reduced pay.

  Release date: 1999-03-31

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• 504. The Entry and Exit Dynamics of Self-employment in Canada Archived

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M1999134

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  This paper i) documents the extent and cyclicality of self-employment entry and exit flows; ii) explores transitions to and from self-employment; and iii) investigates the influence of individual characteristics and labour market experience as well as macroeconomic conditions on the probability of moving into or out of self-employment.

  The self-employed sector now employs over two and a half million Canadian workers, has expanded on average by over 4% a year so far in this decade and accounted for over three out of every four new jobs the economy has created. There are substantial flows both into and out of self-employment over the last 15 years. Gross flows into and out of self-employment averaged nearly half a million per year between 1982 and 1994, amounting to 42% of the total self-employed population.

  Regression results reveal no statistical evidence supporting the dominance of the push hypothesis over the pull hypothesis --- the notion that people are increasingly pushed into self-employment by deteriorating economic conditions. This analysis is done both through time-series analysis and the analysis of the determinants of flows into (and out of) self-employment. As in paid employment, younger Canadians are subject to higher turnover in self-employment --- they are not only more likely to enter but also substantially more likely to leave self-employment. Prior paid-employment experience and prior self-employment experience are both found to be associated with a higher likelihood of entering self-employment. The longer one is self-employed, the less likely he/she is going to leave the business. Having a spouse in business (being self-employed) substantially increases the likelihood of the other spouse becoming self-employed --- a self-employed spouse often attracts the other to either join the family business or start their own. We also find evidence that steady family income through paid-employment from one spouse increases the self-employed's (the other spouse's) affordability to continue with the business venture and hence reduces the likelihood of leaving self-employment.

  Release date: 1999-03-22

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• 505. Recent immigrants in the labour force Archived

  Articles and reports: 11-008-X19980044420

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  This article explores the labour market experiences of recent immigrants in the 25- to 44-year age group from 1986 to 1996.

  Release date: 1999-03-11

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• 506. Employment Patterns in the Non-metro Workforce Archived

  Articles and reports: 21-006-X1998002

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  Job creation is one major focus of rural development initiatives. The purpose of this bulletin is to provide an overview of employment and unemployment patterns in the non-metro workforce. In this bulletin, we combined the rural and small town population (as defined in ANALYSIS BULLETIN No. 1) with the Census Agglomeration (CA) population to constitute the non-metro population (see "Definitions" box). Our results for the overall non-metro workforce also apply to the rural and small town component of the non-metro workforce (refer to Employment Patterns in the Non-metro Workforce {Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Agriculture and Rural Working Paper No. 35, Cat. No. 21-601-MPE98035}).

  Release date: 1999-02-23

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• 507. Employment and remuneration in the services industries since 1984 Archived

  Articles and reports: 63-016-X19980034328

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  To supplement the Services Indicators tables that regularly carry employment and remuneration data on six broad services industries for the most recent eight quarters, this section offers an historical overview of these same indicators, compiled annually, dating back to 1984. Employment shifts in these six industries from 1984 to 1997 are described, followed by detailed tables that quantify some aspects of services sector employment.

  Release date: 1999-01-15

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• 508. Estimating labour force gross flows from surveys subject to household-level nonignorable nonresponse Archived

  Articles and reports: 12-001-X19980024349

  Description:

  Measurement of gross flows in labour force status is an important objective of the continuing labour force surveys carried out by many national statistics agencies. However, it is well known that estimation of these flows can be complicated by nonresponse, measurement errors, sample rotation and complex design effects. Motivated by nonresponse patterns in household-based surveys, this paper focuses on estimation of labour force gross flows, while simultaneously adjusting for nonignorable nonresponse. Previous model-based approaches to gross flows estimation have assumed nonresponse to be an individual-level process. We propose a class of models that allow for nonignorable household-level nonresponse. A simulation study is used to show, that individual-level labour force gross flows estimates from household-based survey data, may be biased and that estimates using household-level models can offer a reduction in this bias.

  Release date: 1999-01-14

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• 509. Which workers smoke? Archived

  Articles and reports: 82-003-X19980034139

  Geography: Canada

  Description: This article examines differences by occupation in daily cigarette smoking prevalence and intensity among full-time workers, and how these differences are associated with smoking restrictions at work.

  Release date: 1999-01-12

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• 510. Work stress and health Archived

  Articles and reports: 82-003-X19980034140

  Geography: Canada

  Description: This article describes work stress experienced by the employed population. It examines associations between job strain, job insecurity, physical demands, low co-worker support and low supervisor support, and four health outcomes: migraine, work injury, high blood pressure and psychological distress.

  Release date: 1999-01-12

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Analysis (623) (40 to 50 of 623 results)

• 41. Sustainable Development Goals: Goal 8, Decent Work and Economic Growth

  Articles and reports: 11-637-X202200100008

  Description:

  As the eighth goal outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Canada and other UN member states have committed to promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all by 2030. This 2022 infographic provides an overview of indicators underlying the eighth Sustainable Development Goal in support of decent work and economic growth, and the statistics and data sources used to monitor and report on this goal in Canada.

  Release date: 2022-12-13

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• 42. Immigrant women among board directors and officers: From admission in Canada to executive roles

  Articles and reports: 11-621-M2022017

  Description:

  This study provides the first socioeconomic profile of immigrant women board directors and officers in Canada from an intersectional lens. Linking data from the Corporations Returns Act with those from the Longitudinal Immigration database, exploratory estimates are presented. The study analyzes characteristics of immigrants at admission and disparities in family, work and income characteristics, mainly by gender and immigrant status. Further, it informs on the types of businesses in which diverse women executives contribute to corporate governance and strategic decision making.

  Release date: 2022-12-08

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• 43. Identifying Indigenous Business Owners and Indigenous-Owned Businesses

  Articles and reports: 11-633-X2022008

  Description:

  In recent years, Statistics Canada has made available data on business ownership by individuals in employment equity groups, namely women and persons with disabilities. However, little is known about business ownership among the other two employment equity groups, Indigenous peoples and racialized groups. This article describes the methodology used to fill the data gap on Indigenous business owners and Indigenous-owned businesses and is based on a novel linkage between the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (2018), the Census of Population (2001, 2006, 2016) and the 2011 National Household Survey.

  Release date: 2022-11-24

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• 44. Does taking short postsecondary programs or independent credits benefit recently displaced workers?

  Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202201100003

  Description:

  Workers who experience a permanent layoff (a job loss not followed by rejoining the same firm in the current or subsequent year) are often affected financially for several years. Based on the Longitudinal Worker File, the Postsecondary Student Information System, the 2006 Census of Population, and the T1 Family File the study examines the extent to which enrolling in or graduating from short, career-oriented programs or taking independent credits is associated with more favourable post-displacement earnings patterns compared to not enrolling at all.

  Release date: 2022-11-23

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• 45. Improving the measurement of the contribution of women to the economy: Estimates of gross domestic product by gender

  Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202201000003

  Description:

  This paper estimates and examines the contribution to Gross domestic product (GDP) by men and by women in the Canadian economy for the first time. Up to now, increases in the educational attainment of women and their participation in the market economy are reflected in education and labour market statistics but the contribution of men and women to production has not been delineated. The paper implements a new method for measuring GDP for men and women between 2008 and 2018 based on administrative records. It informs on the rising share of activity attributable to women and documents those areas of GDP where women make the largest and smallest contributions.

  Release date: 2022-10-27

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• 46. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training: A regional analysis and international perspective

  Articles and reports: 81-599-X2022001

  Description:

  This fact sheet examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the NEET indicator by exploring monthly Labour Force Survey data, from 2019 to 2021, for youth in Canada and selected OECD countries aged 15 to 29. It explores the impact by age group, sex, province/territory and other characteristics.

  Release date: 2022-10-18

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• 47. Who are Canada’s legislators? Characteristics and gender gaps among members of legislative bodies

  Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200900003

  Description:

  In 2015, Canada witnessed its first gender-balanced federal cabinet. The share of women among candidates in federal elections and elected candidates has been increasing, although the share of women elected to the federal parliament remains lower than the share of female candidates. Using census data from 2016 and 2001, and the 2011 National Household Survey, this study presents a profile of individuals who worked as legislators in 2016 in the federal public administration; provincial or territorial public administration; or municipal, local or regional public administration, and highlights differences in socio-demographic characteristics between male and female legislators.

  Release date: 2022-09-28

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• 48. Unmasking differences in women's full-time employment

  Articles and reports: 75-006-X202200100009

  Description:

  Full-time employment is an integral part of current financial well-being and can be linked to several other positive outcomes for workers. Using data from the Labour Force Survey, this article analyzes how women's full-time employment rates evolved from 2007 to 2021. It examines the extent to which aggregate statistics on full-time employment mask the distinct experiences of diverse groups of women-namely Indigenous, immigrant and Canadian-born women.

  Release date: 2022-09-26

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• 49. Differences in tenure status and feelings of fairness in hiring and promotions among male and female faculty in Canadian universities

  Articles and reports: 75-006-X202200100007

  Description:

  This study uses 2019 data from the University and College Academic Staff System to examine gender differences in tenure status among faculty in Canadian universities. It also uses the Survey of Postsecondary Faculty and Researchers to examine feelings of fairness in hiring and promotions.

  Release date: 2022-09-01

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• 50. Employer responses to labour shortages

  Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200700001

  Description:

  As the labour market recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to assess which strategies Canadian employers plan to use over the next few months to cope with labour scarcity. This study documents the strategies that private sector businesses expecting labour shortages at the beginning of 2022 plan to use during that year to deal with personnel recruitment, retention and training. The study also investigates the degree to which businesses’ plans to offer telework and flexible scheduling varies across industries.

  Release date: 2022-07-27

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