Employment and unemployment

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Key indicators

Selected geographical area: Canada

Employment - Canada
(March 2024)

20,401,000

-0.0%

(monthly change)
Unemployment rate - Canada
(March 2024)

6.1%

0.3 pts

(monthly change)

More employment and unemployment indicators

Selected geographical area: Canada

Average weekly earnings - Canada
(January 2024)

$1,228.01

3.9%

(12-month change)
Jobs held by males, environmental and clean technology products sector - Canada
(2021)

224,328 jobs
Jobs held by females, environmental and clean technology products sector - Canada
(2021)

89,929 jobs
Average hourly wage, environmental and clean technology products sector—full-time jobs - Canada
(2021)

51.47 dollars
Average hourly wage, environmental and clean technology products sector—part-time jobs - Canada
(2021)

33.97 dollars
Participation rate for the population aged 25 to 54 years - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)

85.6%
Percentage of immigrants in the labour force aged 25 to 54 years - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)

27.7%
Workers using more than one language regularly at work - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)

11.7%
Proportion of adults aged 25 to 54 years who worked full year full time in 2015 - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

49.8%
Proportion of adults aged 65 years and over who worked full year full time in 2015 - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

5.9%
% of workers using English or French at work - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

99.2%
% of workers using more than one language at work - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

15.4%

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Results

All (623)

All (623) (10 to 20 of 623 results)

11. Most prevalent jobs of young bachelor’s degree graduates by detailed field of study
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301200002
Description: Investing in a postsecondary education is one of the most important decisions made by people over their lifetime. Understanding the potential outcomes associated with specific postsecondary academic programs may help inform young people, but most of the available information focuses on earnings. While important, earnings say little about what postsecondary graduates are likely to do in their career, which may factor heavily in their decision-making process. This article presents the most prevalent jobs held by graduates of Canadian bachelor’s degree programs aged 25 to 34 using the 2021 Census of Population.
Release date: 2023-12-21
12. Foreign workers in Canada: Distribution of paid employment by industry
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301200005
Description: Different industrial sectors depend on temporary foreign workers (TFWs) to varying degrees because of unique levels of labour shortages and specific skill requirements. Analyzing the role of TFWs across industrial sectors in Canada provides empirical evidence to inform the formulation of policies and strategies that support the needs of Canadian businesses and the well-being of TFWs. This article uses linked administrative data to analyze the distribution of TFWs across industries and their proportion in the workforce within each industry from 2010 to 2020.
Release date: 2023-12-21
13. Self-employment among women in Canada
Articles and reports: 75-006-X202300100014
Description: This study uses historical data from the Labour Force Survey, from 1976 to 2022, to provide a profile of self-employment among women in Canada; looking at changes in the self-employment rate, type of self-employment and the top occupations among the self-employed. It also uses data from the 2001 and 2021 Censuses of Population to profile self-employment among various population groups.
Release date: 2023-12-04
14. The Provincial Nominee Program: Retention in province of landing
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301100002
Description: The Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) is designed to contribute to a more equitable distribution of new immigrants across Canada. A related objective is the retention and integration of provincial nominees in the nominating province or territory. This article is the second in a series that examines the characteristics and labour market outcomes of PNP immigrants and examines the retention of PNP immigrants at both the national and provincial or territorial levels. The analysis uses data from the Immigrant Landing File and tax records, along with three indicators of retention, to measure the propensity of a province or territory to retain immigrants.
Release date: 2023-11-22
15. Labour market participation of parents with young children
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301100003
Description: As the low-fee early learning and child care system will be implemented nationwide over the next few years, knowledge about employment patterns for families with young children during recent years can be used as a baseline on parental labour market participation prior to the implementation of Canada-wide early learning and child care. Using Labour Force Survey data, this study analyzed recent trends in the labour market participation of parents with children aged 0 to 5 and labour market characteristics of working and non-working parents with young children in 2021.
Release date: 2023-11-22
16. Employment situations and child care arrangements after mothers’ return to work following parental leave
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301100005
Description: Since the late 2000s, most Canadian mothers who were working before childbirth or adoption have intended to return to work after parental leave. Whether mothers return to the same employer after childbirth is important in understanding their wages and career trajectories. This article examines whether mothers’ employment situations and child care arrangements after returning to work differed between two cohorts of mothers from 2009 and 2019.
Release date: 2023-11-22
17. Chipping away at economic growth: Jobs, gross domestic product, and research in the semiconductor industry
Articles and reports: 11-621-M2023016
Description: This research study examines the economic impact of the semiconductor industry in Canada in 2020 as it relates to several economic concepts, such as sales and revenue, employment, research and development, and international trade. The study is based on a custom list of 561 firms in the industry provided by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada.
Release date: 2023-11-10
18. Postsecondary educational attainment and labour market outcomes among Indigenous peoples in Canada, findings from the 2021 Census
Articles and reports: 75-006-X202300100012
Description: This study uses data from the 2021 Census to report on postsecondary educational attainment and labour market outcomes among Indigenous adults aged 25 to 64 years. As First Nations people, Métis and Inuit are more likely to live in certain regions, which can impact their participation in both education and the labour market, the article pays particular attention to patterns in educational attainment and employment among those residing in remote areas, on reserve, and communities across Inuit Nunangat.
Release date: 2023-10-27
19. Foreign workers in Canada: Work permit holders versus employment income records, 2010 to 2022
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301000003
Description: As the role of temporary foreign workers in Canada’s labour market has grown in significance, it has become essential to accurately measure their numbers for informing policy decisions. Two data sources have often been used to determine the number of temporary foreign workers: data on work permit holders released by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada and data based on tax administrative files that identify temporary residents with earnings. This article aims to evaluate the benefits and limitations of these two data sources and compare the trends in the number of temporary foreign workers derived from them.
Release date: 2023-10-25
20. Foreign workers in Canada: Changing composition and employment incidences of work permit holders
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301000004
Description: Canada has a long history of recruiting foreign nationals to address temporary labour shortages through a diverse range of work permit programs. Along with a significant increase in the number of work permit holders, there have been large changes in the composition of this population in terms of work permit programs and demographic characteristics. This article aims to examine recent changes in the composition of work permit programs and the proportion of work permit holders reporting employment income.
Release date: 2023-10-25

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Analysis (623)

Analysis (623) (470 to 480 of 623 results)

471. The Dynamics of Income and Employment in Rural Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 21-601-M2001043
Description:
This report provides a preliminary analysis of the effects of change on income and employment in rural areas of Canada, its influence on the risk of social exclusion and disadvantage (i.e., low income and low pay), and the differences that may arise in relation to non-rural areas.
Release date: 2001-02-09
472. Female Employment Rates and Labour Market Attachment in Rural Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2001153
Geography: Canada
Description:
In this paper a dynamic employment model for women is estimated for rural and urban samples from the first four years of the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics 1993 to 1996. The results provide evidence that there are significant differences between rural and urban labour markets. However, these do not appear to arise - as is often argued - from a lack of childcare facilities, differences in returns to human capital, or the existence of more "traditional" attitudes to the proper role of women in rural areas. The results also suggest labour market segmentation within rural areas with clear differences in employment for women belonging to low income households as shown in the decomposition results.
Release date: 2001-02-01
473. The Persistent Gap: New Evidence on the Canadian Gender Wage Gap Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2001157
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article uses data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) to investigate the extent to which factors not previously explored in the Canadian context account for wage differences between men and women. Like other studies using standard decomposition techniques and controlling for a variety of productivity-related characteristics, the results demonstrate that men still enjoy a wage advantage over women: women's average hourly wage rate is about 84% - 89% of the men's average. Unlike other studies, controls for work experience and job-related responsibilities are used. Gender differences in full-year, full-time work experience explain at most, 12% of the gender wage gap. Gender differences in the opportunity to supervise and to perform certain tasks account for about 5% of the gender wage gap. Yet despite the long list of productivity related factors, a substantial portion of the gender wage gap cannot be explained.
Many studies rely on measures such as age or potential experience (= age minus number of years of schooling minus six) as a proxy for actual labour market. Neither of these measures account for complete withdrawals from the labour market nor for restrictions on the number of hours worked per week or on the number of weeks worked per year due to family-related responsibilities. The results show that proxies for experience yield larger adjusted gender wage gaps than when actual experience is used.
Release date: 2001-01-30
474. Factors Associated with Female Employment Rates in Rural and Small Town Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 21-006-X2000001
Geography: Canada
Description:
Historically, female employment rates in rural areas have been significantly below the rates for women in urban areas (Bollman, 1991; Fuguitt, Brown and Beale, 1989). The objective of this paper is to explore some of the factors associated with these rural-urban differences in female employment rates.
Release date: 2000-12-13
475. Overqualified? Recent graduates and the needs of their employers Archived
Articles and reports: 81-003-X20000015409
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article examines whether the education levels of graduates surpass the needs of employers, and to what extent.
Release date: 2000-11-29
476. Holding their own: Employment and earnings of postsecondary graduates Archived
Articles and reports: 81-003-X20000015410
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article provides an analysis of the employment and earnings patterns of recent postsecondary graduates, based on three waves of the National Graduates Surveys.
Release date: 2000-11-29
477. Culture jobs increasing: Update on the culture labour force using the Labour Force Survey Archived
Articles and reports: 87-004-X20000025361
Geography: Canada
Description:
The economy was strong in 1999 and while consumers were interested in big-ticket items such as automobiles in the first quarter of the year their attention turned to services later in the year.
Release date: 2000-11-09
478. How Much of Canada's Unemployment Is Structural? Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2000145
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper starts from the definition that "structural unemployment occurs when workers are unable to fill available jobs because they lack the skills, do not live where jobs are available, or are unwilling to work at the wage rate offered in the market." This implies that the number of vacancies in the Canadian labour market is an upper bound to the extent of "structural unemployment". The paper summarizes available estimates of the vacancy rate in Canada. In the high technology sector, vacancies may be equivalent to 2.2% of the labour force but evidence from more representative surveys indicates a range of 0.43% to 0.75% for the economy as a whole. Although during the 1980s the outward shift in the relationship between the Help-Wanted Index and the unemployment rate raised concerns that structural unemployment was an increasing problem in Canada, that shift has been reversed in the 1990s.
Release date: 2000-10-16
479. Unemployment kaleidoscope Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X20000035371
Geography: Canada
Description:
Changing the focus - from the individual to the family, from one week to one year - can dramatically alter perceptions of unemployment. This article compares alternative measures with the official rate over the last two decades.
Release date: 2000-09-06
480. The Gender Composition and Wages: Why is Canada Different from the United States? Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2000140
Geography: Canada
Description:
The correlation of occupational gender composition and wages is the basis of pay equity/comparable worth legislation. A number of previous studies have examined this correlation in US data, identifying some of the determinants of low wages in "female jobs", as well as important limitations of public policy in this area. There is little evidence, however, from other jurisdictions. This omission is particularly disturbing in the case of Canada, which now has some of the most extensive pay equity legislation in the world. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive picture, circa the late 1980's, of the occupational gender segregation in Canada and its consequences for wages. We also draw explicit comparisons of our findings to evidence for the United States. We find that the link between female wages and gender composition is much stronger in the United States than in Canada, where it is generally small and not statistically significant. The relatively more advantageous position of women in female jobs in Canada is found to be linked to higher unionization rates and the industry-wage effects of "public goods" sectors.
Release date: 2000-09-05

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Date modified:: 2024-04-19