Employment and unemployment

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Key indicators

Selected geographical area: Canada

Employment - Canada
(March 2024)

20,401,000

-0.0%

(monthly change)
Unemployment rate - Canada
(March 2024)

6.1%

0.3 pts

(monthly change)

More employment and unemployment indicators

Selected geographical area: Canada

Average weekly earnings - Canada
(January 2024)

$1,228.01

3.9%

(12-month change)
Jobs held by males, environmental and clean technology products sector - Canada
(2021)

224,328 jobs
Jobs held by females, environmental and clean technology products sector - Canada
(2021)

89,929 jobs
Average hourly wage, environmental and clean technology products sector—full-time jobs - Canada
(2021)

51.47 dollars
Average hourly wage, environmental and clean technology products sector—part-time jobs - Canada
(2021)

33.97 dollars
Median employment income five years after graduation for undergraduate degree graduates - Canada
(2016)

$64,000
Median employment income five years after graduation for college-level diploma graduates - Canada
(2016)

$49,000
Participation rate for the population aged 25 to 54 years - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)

85.6%
Percentage of immigrants in the labour force aged 25 to 54 years - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)

27.7%
Workers using more than one language regularly at work - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)

11.7%
Proportion of adults aged 25 to 54 years who worked full year full time in 2015 - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

49.8%
Proportion of adults aged 65 years and over who worked full year full time in 2015 - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

5.9%
% of workers using English or French at work - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

99.2%
% of workers using more than one language at work - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

15.4%

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Results

All (624)

All (624) (100 to 110 of 624 results)

101. Persistent overqualification among immigrants and non-immigrants
Articles and reports: 75-006-X202000100004
Description:
Using integrated data from the 2006 and 2016 censuses, this study examines persistent overqualification over time among immigrants and non-immigrants. More specifically, the study examines the link between various characteristics associated with immigration and the probability of overqualification in both 2006 and 2016.

Release date: 2020-09-02
102. Two-step Immigration Selection: Why Did Immigrant Labour Market Outcomes Vary by Admission Programs?
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2020015
Description:
This article examines the role of two-step selection in explaining differences in the short-term and medium-term outcomes of economic immigrants in four major admission programs: Federal Skilled Worker program (FSWP), Provincial Nominee Program (PNP), Quebec Skill Worker (QSWP), and Canadian Experience Class (CEC). These programs are devised to meet various national, regional and sectoral economic needs. The labour market outcomes of economic immigrants in these admission programs are of policy interest because they are often used as indicators of a program’s success. More importantly, the knowledge of which factors underlie the success of one program can help inform the improvement of other programs. It is the fourth of five articles on the two-step selection process.
Release date: 2020-08-18
103. Two-step Immigration Selection: Skilled Work Experience vs. Pre-arranged Jobs
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2020016
Description:
This article asks whether pre-immigration Canadian earnings or pre-arranged job offers are the better predictor of initial labour market outcomes. The data consist of economic principal applicants admitted under Canada’s Express Entry (EE) system over the 2015 to 2016 period, derived from the Longitudinal Immigration Database. Over this two-year period, about 16% of economic principal applicants were selected under the EE system, while the majority were still selected under the pre-EE points system. Only among EE principal applicants is the information on pre-arranged job collected. It is the fifth of five articles on the two-step selection process.
Release date: 2020-08-18
104. Potential Earnings Losses among High School and Postsecondary Graduates Due to the COVID-19 Economic Downturn
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2020012
Description:
In this Economic Insights article, the potential earnings losses experienced by this year’s class of high school and postsecondary graduates as a result of COVID-19 are simulated. These graduates may face very challenging conditions as they enter the labour market, which could have long-term ramifications for their earnings prospects. Consequently, earnings losses are simulated up to five years after graduation, based on various scenarios of this year’s youth unemployment rate.

Release date: 2020-07-28
105. Two-step Immigration Selection: A Review of Benefits and Potential Challenges
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2020009
Description:
In a two-step immigration selection process, temporary foreign workers are first selected by employers for a temporary job, and some qualified temporary foreign workers then become economic immigrants. The details of this selection process vary among countries. For example, in the US, the temporary workers are typically sponsored by the employers in their bid to become permanent residents. In Canada, the temporary residents are selected for permanent residency by the government based on a set of largely human capital criteria, although employers may play a role in some selection pathways. Viewed in a generic manner, the two step process presents both advantages and risks. This article provides an overview of such potential advantages and risks. It is the first of five articles on the two-step selection process.

Release date: 2020-07-22
106. Two-step Immigration Selection: An Analysis of its Expansion in Canada
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2020010
Description:
This Economic Insights article documents the expansion of two-step immigration selection in Canada since the early 2000s. Two-step immigration selection refers to the selection of economic immigrants from among temporary foreign workers. The increased transition of a rapidly rising number of temporary foreign workers to permanent residence was made possible through the shifting composition of admission programs towards provincial programs and the Canadian Experience Class, and the growing reliance on temporary foreign workers within each admission program. This is the second of five articles on the two-step selection process.

Release date: 2020-07-22
107. Two-step Immigration Selection: Recent Trends in Immigrant Labour Market Outcomes
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2020011
Description:
This article examines whether the increased selection of economic immigrants from among temporary foreign workers accounted for the recent improvement in immigrants’ employment rates and entry earnings. Immigrants who were former temporary foreign workers, particularly those with medium or high levels of pre-immigration Canadian earnings, had higher employment rates and earnings after immigration than other immigrants. The expansion of two step immigration selection was the driving force for the recent improvement in new immigrants’ labour market outcomes. It is the third of five articles on the two-step selection process.

Release date: 2020-07-22
108. The Changing Job Landscape, 1981 to 2019
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2020005
Description:
This Economic Insights article examines how jobs held by Canadian employees have changed over the last four decades, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis uses a wide variety of data sets to document the evolution of selected job characteristics from 1981 to 2019.
Release date: 2020-06-23
109. Labour Market Experience, Gender Diversity and the Success of Women-owned Enterprises
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020010
Description:
Studies have found that women-owned enterprises lag men-owned enterprises in business performance such as sales, profits and employment. This lower performance has been attributed to several factors like financial constraints, industrial sector or lack of prior relevant experience. However, the studies that investigated the role of prior experience often lacked detailed quantitative evidence. This paper fills this gap by taking advantage of the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD) over the 2001 to 2015 period.

Release date: 2020-06-16
110. Work-integrated learning during postsecondary studies, 2015 graduates
Articles and reports: 75-006-X202000100003
Description:
Based on data from the 2018 National Graduates Survey, this study examines the participation of 2015 postsecondary graduates in work-integrated learning (WIL), such as a co-op placement, placement, internship or clinical placement. This study examines, among other things, whether there is a link between participation in WIL and the labour market outcomes of graduates, three years after graduation.
Release date: 2020-05-25

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Analysis (624)

Analysis (624) (40 to 50 of 624 results)

41. Occupational profile and work tasks of Canadian PhDs: Gender and field of study differences
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202201200002
Description: Most PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) graduates from Canadian universities work outside academia, but little is known about the nature of these jobs. This study examines the types of jobs held by doctoral graduates who worked outside academia. In addition to examining occupations, the study focuses on analyzing the task content of those jobs.
Release date: 2022-12-22
42. Sustainable Development Goals: Goal 8, Decent Work and Economic Growth
Articles and reports: 11-637-X202200100008
Description:
As the eighth goal outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Canada and other UN member states have committed to promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all by 2030. This 2022 infographic provides an overview of indicators underlying the eighth Sustainable Development Goal in support of decent work and economic growth, and the statistics and data sources used to monitor and report on this goal in Canada.

Release date: 2022-12-13
43. Immigrant women among board directors and officers: From admission in Canada to executive roles
Articles and reports: 11-621-M2022017
Description:
This study provides the first socioeconomic profile of immigrant women board directors and officers in Canada from an intersectional lens. Linking data from the Corporations Returns Act with those from the Longitudinal Immigration database, exploratory estimates are presented. The study analyzes characteristics of immigrants at admission and disparities in family, work and income characteristics, mainly by gender and immigrant status. Further, it informs on the types of businesses in which diverse women executives contribute to corporate governance and strategic decision making.

Release date: 2022-12-08
44. Identifying Indigenous Business Owners and Indigenous-Owned Businesses
Articles and reports: 11-633-X2022008
Description:
In recent years, Statistics Canada has made available data on business ownership by individuals in employment equity groups, namely women and persons with disabilities. However, little is known about business ownership among the other two employment equity groups, Indigenous peoples and racialized groups. This article describes the methodology used to fill the data gap on Indigenous business owners and Indigenous-owned businesses and is based on a novel linkage between the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (2018), the Census of Population (2001, 2006, 2016) and the 2011 National Household Survey.

Release date: 2022-11-24
45. Does taking short postsecondary programs or independent credits benefit recently displaced workers?
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202201100003
Description:
Workers who experience a permanent layoff (a job loss not followed by rejoining the same firm in the current or subsequent year) are often affected financially for several years. Based on the Longitudinal Worker File, the Postsecondary Student Information System, the 2006 Census of Population, and the T1 Family File the study examines the extent to which enrolling in or graduating from short, career-oriented programs or taking independent credits is associated with more favourable post-displacement earnings patterns compared to not enrolling at all.

Release date: 2022-11-23
46. Improving the measurement of the contribution of women to the economy: Estimates of gross domestic product by gender
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202201000003
Description:
This paper estimates and examines the contribution to Gross domestic product (GDP) by men and by women in the Canadian economy for the first time. Up to now, increases in the educational attainment of women and their participation in the market economy are reflected in education and labour market statistics but the contribution of men and women to production has not been delineated. The paper implements a new method for measuring GDP for men and women between 2008 and 2018 based on administrative records. It informs on the rising share of activity attributable to women and documents those areas of GDP where women make the largest and smallest contributions.

Release date: 2022-10-27
47. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training: A regional analysis and international perspective
Articles and reports: 81-599-X2022001
Description:
This fact sheet examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the NEET indicator by exploring monthly Labour Force Survey data, from 2019 to 2021, for youth in Canada and selected OECD countries aged 15 to 29. It explores the impact by age group, sex, province/territory and other characteristics.

Release date: 2022-10-18
48. Who are Canada’s legislators? Characteristics and gender gaps among members of legislative bodies
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200900003
Description:
In 2015, Canada witnessed its first gender-balanced federal cabinet. The share of women among candidates in federal elections and elected candidates has been increasing, although the share of women elected to the federal parliament remains lower than the share of female candidates. Using census data from 2016 and 2001, and the 2011 National Household Survey, this study presents a profile of individuals who worked as legislators in 2016 in the federal public administration; provincial or territorial public administration; or municipal, local or regional public administration, and highlights differences in socio-demographic characteristics between male and female legislators.

Release date: 2022-09-28
49. Unmasking differences in women's full-time employment
Articles and reports: 75-006-X202200100009
Description:
Full-time employment is an integral part of current financial well-being and can be linked to several other positive outcomes for workers. Using data from the Labour Force Survey, this article analyzes how women's full-time employment rates evolved from 2007 to 2021. It examines the extent to which aggregate statistics on full-time employment mask the distinct experiences of diverse groups of women-namely Indigenous, immigrant and Canadian-born women.

Release date: 2022-09-26
50. Differences in tenure status and feelings of fairness in hiring and promotions among male and female faculty in Canadian universities
Articles and reports: 75-006-X202200100007
Description:
This study uses 2019 data from the University and College Academic Staff System to examine gender differences in tenure status among faculty in Canadian universities. It also uses the Survey of Postsecondary Faculty and Researchers to examine feelings of fairness in hiring and promotions.

Release date: 2022-09-01

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Date modified:: 2024-04-16