Earnings, wages and non-wage benefits

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This paper presents data collected from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) preliminary interview on a person's work experience: years of full-time work, part-time work and no work. It uses these data to study the effect of Labour market intermittency (or time not in a full-time job) on current employment earnings.

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This article compares earnings and incomes of northern Canadians and other Canadians by occupation, sex and other variables. It also examines income sources for both groups.

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The number of dual-earner couples increased in the 1980s, but has this translated to more dual-pensioner families in the 1990s? The growth of husband-wife couples with both spouses receiving private pension benefits is compared with that of their single- and no-pensioner counterparts. Sources of pension income are also analyzed.

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In this paper we ask the three following questions : 1) even after controlling for cyclical effects, do new spells of low earnings now last longer than they used to? 2) once a male worker starts a new spell of low earnings, does he receive lower real annual wages now than his counterparts did in the mid-seventies? 3) has long-term inequality in earnings risen in the eighties? The answers to these questions are the following. First, even after taking account of the relatively high unemployment rates observed since the mid-eighties, it was harder for Canadian male workers, especially those aged 18-24, to move out of the bottom of the earnings distribution during the 1985-93 period than during the 1975-84 period. In other terms, new spells of low earnings now last longer for these workers. Second, real annual wages received by young males who went through a new spell of low earnings were significantly lower in 1985-93 than in 1975-84. Third, during the eighties, inequality in earnings cumulated over either six or ten years rose at the same pace as inequality in annual earnings.

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Contrary to popular belief, the average earnings of men working full year full time seem to decline prior to retirement. This study explores several possible explanations for the unexpected pattern.

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Many people believe that service jobs are synonymous with low wages. This article compares average weekly earnings, excluding overtime, of paid workers across more than 100 different service industries. It also assesses the disparity in the earnings of service and goods sector workers.

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In this paper we use administrative data associated with the tax system to: (1) document the extent of intergenerational income mobility among Canadian men; and (2) estimate the income disadvantage (in adulthood) of being raised in a low income household. We find that there is considerable intergenerational income mobility in Canada among middle income earners, but that the inheritance of economic status is significant at both the very top and very bottom of the income distribution. About one-third of those in the bottom quartile were raised by fathers who occupied the same position in the income distribution. In fact, the income advantage of someone who had a father in the top decile over someone who had a father in the bottom decile is in the order of 40%. We also discuss some of the policy implications of these findings, as well as some of their limitations and the directions implied for future research.

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This study is one of a series that examines how technology adoption affects the skills of workers. Previous papers in the series have approached this issue in differentways with data from a variety of sources. Using data on the strategies and activities of small and medium-sized firms in both manufacturing and services industries,Baldwin and Johnson (1995), Baldwin, Johnson and Pedersen (1996) examine the connection between the different strategies that are pursued by growing firms.Firms that stress technological competencies are found to also place a greater emphasis on skill enhancement and training activities. Using survey data on the type oftechnology used in manufacturing plants and plant managers' perceptions of the skill requirements and training costs associated with the adoption of newtechnologies, Baldwin, Gray and Johnson (1995) find that technology use leads to greater skill requirements, more training, and higher training costs.This paper uses survey data on the incidence of advanced technology adoption and matched panel data on plant characteristics such as wages, capital intensity, andsize to examine the connection between technology use and the wage rates received by workers. Since higher wages are associated with higher skill levels,establishing a connection between technology use and wages reinforces the earlier findings.

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This paper follows up on the initial article in the publication Dynamics of Labour and Income, 1994 Report. The analysis remains the same, but it provides detailed variable groupings, regression and decomposition results which were not originally included.

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One of the most radical changes in Canadian society in the past 30 years has been the growth of dual-earner husband-wife families. Using the most recent data on families with employment income, this article examines couples in which wives earn more than their husbands, to see how they differ from the majority of working husband-wife families (those in which the husband is the main breadwinner).

Description: Number of employment insurance beneficiaries by census metropolitan category, total and regular income benefits, declared earnings, sex, and age group, last 5 months.

Description: Number of job vacancies and payroll employees, job vacancy rate, and average offered hourly wage by economic region, last 5 quarters.

Description: Number of job vacancies and payroll employees, job vacancy rate, and average offered hourly wage by three-digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code, last 5 quarters.

Description: Number of job vacancies, proportion of job vacancies and average offered hourly wage by selected characteristics (type of work, minimum level of education sought, minimum experience level sought, duration of job vacancy, type of position, and recruitment strategies) and National Occupational Classification (NOC), last 5 quarters.

Description: Number of job vacancies and average offered hourly wage by five-digit National Occupational Classification (NOC) code, last 5 quarters.

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Construction union wage rates (CUWRI) by National Occupational Classification (NOC). Monthly data are available from January 1971. The table presents data for the most recent reference period and the last four periods.

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Construction union wage rates (CUWRI) by National Occupational Classification (NOC). Monthly data are available from January 1972. The table presents month-over-month and year-over-year percentage changes.

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Construction union wage rate index (CUWRI) by National Occupational Classification (NOC). Monthly data are available from January 1971. The table presents data for the most recent reference period and the last four periods. The base period for the index is 2015=100.

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Construction union wage rate index (CUWRI) by National Occupational Classification (NOC). Monthly data are available from January 1972. The table presents month-over-month and year-over-year percentage changes for various aggregation levels. The base period for the index is 2015=100.

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Weights for the construction union wage rates price indexes. The weights are available beginning in 2015.

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Statistics Canada has undertaken a broad range of initiatives designed to understand the impacts of COVID-19 on Canadians. This update extends earlier, experimental research into monthly family income trends of Canadians over the pandemic period. The approach integrates weekly earnings available from the Canadian Labour Force Survey (LFS) together with information specific to government transfers including special COVID-19 benefits collected through administrative data sources and imputation. This update incorporates additional sources of data, and accounts for new pandemic relief programs introduced after September 2020. Population coverage is improved, and experimental estimates are updated and extended through December 2020. The paper describes the data sources used, estimation strategies employed, limitations, and potential future developments.

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This infographic discusses changes in immigrants wages one year after admission from 1987 to 2017 and how immigrants income increases as they gain experience in Canada. There is also a discussion about the regions of settlement of immigrants.

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This infographic features the earnings and mobility of newly-certified journeypersons across Canada. It presents mobility rates over time as well as key results among selected Red Seal trades for earnings and mobility.

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This technical reference guide is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data products associated with this release are derived from integrating the longitudinal Registered Apprenticeship Information System (RAIS) 2008 to 2018 data with other administrative data. Statistics Canada has derived a series of indicators on the earnings of newly registered journeypersons by cohort size and selected trades, for Canada, all provinces and for grouped territories.

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There is considerable global competition for international students, who are often seen as strong candidates for economic immigration to countries that are facing current and future skills and labour shortages. International students bring extensive economic and social benefits to the host country. This study compares the earnings of international students with those of domestic students during their first five years after graduation from Canadian postsecondary institutions, and investigates the role of various pre-graduation characteristics in accounting for their earnings differences. This study also examines how the trajectories of earnings gaps vary between international and domestic graduates, across levels of education and major fields of study.

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The purpose of the 2017 General Social Survey on Family is to explore the characteristics of families in Canada and to monitor changes in these characteristics over time. This infographic provides a snapshot of leave patterns of parents in Canada after the birth or adoption of a child. Three aspects of the mothers' and fathers' patterns of self-reported leave are considered: whether leave was taken, the type of leave, and its duration. The data refer to parents who were paid workers or self-employed before the birth or adoption of a child (between 2012 and 2017).

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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the economy in extraordinary ways. Statistics Canada has developed new information sources to measure its impacts on businesses and workers. This article highlights the latest findings from new datasets on monthly business openings and closures and on businesses conditions, as well as supplementary analysis from the Labour Force Survey low-wage employees.

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This Insights article discusses the main differences by gender in early career job mobility for young workers in Canada, and the potential impact of these differences on wage growth over the first 10 years of a worker’s career. The population of interest for this study consists of employed individuals aged 25 to 34 in 2005 since individuals within this age group are more likely to be out of school and working full-time.

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Statistics Canada has undertaken a broad range of initiatives designed to understand the impacts of COVID-19 on Canadians. This research paper highlights experimental methods designed to measure the impact of the pandemic on month-by-month family income trends of Canadians long before detailed annual statistics become available. The approach integrates weekly earnings available from the Canadian Labour Force Survey (LFS) together with information specific to government transfers including special COVID-19 benefits collected through administrative data sources and imputation. The objective is to shed light on the impact of labour market disruptions on Canadians and their families and the extent to which emergency benefits introduced by the government offset these disruptions. This paper describes the data sources used, estimation strategies employed, initial results, limitations, and potential future developments.

Description: Efforts to make a transition to a low carbon economy have raised concerns that workers displaced from traditional energy-producing sectors might experience substantial earnings declines after job loss.

Using data from a rich administrative dataset, this study documents the employment and earnings trajectories of coal miners who were displaced during the late 1990s and the 2000s.

Description: The survey is designed to provide annual estimates of retail sales, inventories, purchases, employees earnings and location data. This is a survey of Canadian retail business firms with sales and receipts over certain thresholds. The sales data are provided by kind of business and by province and territory.

Description: The Labour Cost Survey was intended to collect information on wage and non-wage benefit costs which is necessary to construct a Labour Cost index.

Description: The estimates are derived in order to supply the System of National Accounts (SNA) with the compensation of employees component of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

Description: This survey is an establishment census survey designed to gather data on employment, payrolls and paid-hours from larger employers (companies or establishments of 20 or more employees).

Description: The purpose of the survey is to provide information on the terms and conditions of Registered Pension Plans (RPPs), membership in them and contributions made by and on behalf of the members.

Description: The published data provided by this survey provided detailed information on contributors and beneficiaries for the purpose of employment and economic research by government departments.

Description: The Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours provides a monthly portrait of the amount of earnings, as well as the number of jobs (i.e., occupied positions) and hours worked by detailed industry at the national, provincial and territorial levels.

Description: The Business Payrolls Survey (BPS) is the collection instrument for the Survey of Employment Payrolls and Hours (SEPH, record number 2612). The results of the BPS and administrative data are combined to produce the SEPH estimates. For more information, please see record number 2612, Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours (SEPH) in the Documentation section below.

Description: The objective of this survey is to produce statistical information on wages and salaries paid for various occupations classified to the National Occupation Classification (NOC).

Description: This survey collects data on wages paid for specific occupations in the construction industry in all provinces and territories except Québec, Manitoba and Yukon on behalf of the Labour Branch of Human Resources and Skills Development Canada.