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  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2006236
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    In a setting where training or promotion opportunity depend on expected initial ability, the effects of signalling initial skills on wages may last well beyond the period when knowledge of a workers' skill set is fully known. This paper proposes extending recent tests for signalling to better accommodate training differences by using firm-level characteristics and applying these tests to a large sample of MBA and law graduates from different ranked schools.

    Release date: 2006-01-05

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005265
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    We investigate how family earnings instability has evolved between the late 1980s and the late 1990s and how family income instability varies across segments of the (family-level) earnings distribution. We uncover four key patterns. First, among the subset of families who were intact over the 1982-1991 and 1992-2001 periods, family earnings instability changed little between the late 1980s and the late 1990s. Second, the dispersion of families' permanent earnings became much more unequal during that period. Third, families who were in the bottom tertile of the (age-specific) earnings distribution in 1992-1995 had, during the 1996-2001 period, much more unstable market income than their counterparts in the top tertile. Fourth, among families with husbands aged under 45, the tax and transfer system has, during the 1996-2001 period, eliminated at least two-thirds (and up to all) of the differences in instability (measured in terms of proportional income gains/losses) in family market income that were observed during that period between families in the bottom tertile and those in the top tertile. This finding highlights the key stabilization role played by the tax and transfer system, a feature that has received relatively little attention during the 1990s when Employment Insurance (EI) (formerly known as Unemployment Insurance (UI)) and Social Assistance were reformed.

    Release date: 2005-11-02

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005266
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article summarizes findings from the research paper entitled: The Instability of Family Earnings and Family Income in Canada, 1986 to 1991 and 1996 to 2001. Despite its implications for family well-being, little attention has been paid to the analysis of earnings instability in the context of the family versus the earnings profiles of individuals. While a focus on individuals is important, the extent to which families can generate stable income flows from the labour market is a key concern for policymakers. Therefore, using data from Statistics Canada's Longitudinal Administrative Databank (LAD), this study documents how family earnings instability has evolved between two six-year periods: 1986-1991 and 1996-2001. We also examine how husbands' earnings instability compares to couples' earnings instability, and we compute measures of instability based on family earnings, family market income, and family income before and after tax. This allows us to examine the extent to which wives' earnings reduce the volatility of husbands' employment income; the extent to which the tax and transfer system plays a stabilization role; and the extent to which wives' earnings, taxes, and transfers reduce the differences in instability between couples in the bottom of the earnings distribution and those in the top.

    Release date: 2005-11-02

  • Articles and reports: 15-206-X2005001
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This study examines Canadian productivity performance over the period 1961-2004. It investigates labour productivity growth and the sources of improvements therein-multifactor productivity growth, capital intensity, and skill upgrading. It also examines the contribution that productivity growth has made to economic growth, and to improvement on living standards. Finally, this study investigates the share of income going to labour, and the real hourly compensation of workers.

    Release date: 2005-10-26

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005267
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    We analyze the intergenerational income mobility of Canadians born to immigrants using the 2001 Census. A detailed portrait of the Canadian population is offered as are estimates of the degree of generational mobility among the children of immigrants from 70 countries. The degree of persistence as estimated in regression to the mean models is about the same for immigrants as for the entire population, and there is more generational mobility among immigrants in Canada than in the United States. We also use quantile regressions to distinguish between the role of social capital from other constraints limiting mobility and find that these are present and associated with father's education.

    Release date: 2005-10-25

  • Articles and reports: 75-001-X200510713146
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Workers who use computers earn more than those who do not. Is this a productivity effect or merely selection (that is, workers selected to use computers are more productive to begin with). After controlling for selection, the average worker enjoys a wage premium of 3.8% upon adopting a computer. This premium, however, obscures important differences by education and occupation. Long-run returns to computer use are over 5% for most workers. Differences between short-run and long-run returns suggest that workers may share training costs through sacrificed wages.

    Release date: 2005-09-21

  • Articles and reports: 87-004-X20030028446
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Using data from the 1996 and 2001 Censuses of Population, this article discusses the employment income in culture occupations and compares it with the employment income of all occupations.

    Release date: 2005-08-23

  • Table: 81-595-M2005031
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This bulletin presents the final set of tables which contain salary information for the year 2003-2004. This information is collected annually under the University and College Academic Staff System and has a reference date of October 1st. Therefore, the data reflect employment in universities as of that date. Each university must authorize Statistics Canada to release their information. However, information for institutions that have less than 100 full-time staff are not included.

    Release date: 2005-06-27

  • 589. Escaping low earnings Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X200510413141
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Prolonged periods of low earnings can limit an individual's capacity to cope with income losses or unexpected expenses, and makes economic self-sufficiency difficult. The ability to escape low earnings is linked to a number of factors, including age, firm size, and changing jobs.

    Release date: 2005-06-20

  • Table: 81-595-M2005030
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This bulletin contains salary information for the year 2004-2005. Information is provided for institutions that have determined salaries for the period and have responded quickly to the survey. This information is collected annually under the "University and College Academic Staff Survey" and has a reference date of October 1st. Therefore, the data reflect employment in universities as of that date. Each university must authorize Statistics Canada to release their information. However, information for institutions that have less than 100 full-time staff are not included.

    Release date: 2005-06-10
Data (442)

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Analysis (351)

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  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200200005
    Description:

    Using 2016 Census and administrative data, this study estimates the differences in weekly earnings received by workers in designated visible minority and White categories, as defined by the Employment Equity Act, employed in four broad sectors of the Canadian workforce. Of central interest is whether differences in weekly earnings between these categories were larger in small and medium-size commercial enterprises than they were in large commercial enterprises and in organizations and enterprises in the non-commercial sector.

    Release date: 2022-02-23

  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200100004
    Description:

    Using data from the 2016 Census, this study compares the weekly earnings of individuals in designated visible minority and White categories, as defined in the Employment Equity Act. This paper addresses three sets of research questions. First, in 2015, were there significant differences in the estimated weekly earnings of individuals in designated visible minority categories relative to White people? Among which designated visible minority categories were differences in weekly earnings largest? Were these differences similar among women and men? Second, to what extent did sociodemographic and employment characteristics account for differences in average weekly earnings across designated visible minority and White categories? And third, were differences in average weekly earnings narrower, wider or about the same in 2015 as in 2005?

    Release date: 2022-01-26

  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200100005
    Description:

    While a large literature has documented the substantial and persistent earnings losses often experienced by displaced workers, relatively little is known regarding the educational strategies that prime-aged displaced workers use to cope with job loss. Specifically, the extent to which Canadian laid-off workers undergo re-skilling, i.e. enter new fields of study after losing their job or simply upgrade their skills and remain within their initial fields of study is currently unknown. This study fills this information gap using data from the Post-Secondary Information System (PSIS) in conjunction with Statistics Canada’s Longitudinal Worker file (LWF) and the Census of Population of 2006.

    Release date: 2022-01-26

  • Stats in brief: 11-001-X202202634583
    Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin
    Release date: 2022-01-26

  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202101100003
    Description:

    Since the 1990s, Canadian immigration policy has emphasized human capital, particularly education and language proficiency, in the selection of economic immigrants. While immigration and the domestic educational system continuously increase the supply of a university-educated labour force, there has been concern that skilled trades are an often-overlooked career option for many secondary school graduates, and that this may lead to labour shortages in skilled trades. This article examines trends in the number of economic immigrant principal applicants who intended to work in skilled trades, their sociodemographic characteristics, and their employment and earnings outcomes. Also, comparisons are made with other economic immigrant principal applicants.

    Release date: 2021-11-24

  • Stats in brief: 11-001-X202131232483
    Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin
    Release date: 2021-11-08

  • Articles and reports: 81-595-M2021006
    Description:

    The COVID-19 pandemic had large impacts on those in the skilled trades, as these jobs often require hands-on and close-proximity interactions. Using data from the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform, this study examines the pandemic's impacts by investigating the proportion of journeypersons who received the CERB among those who certified between 2008 and 2019. By examining the proportions across trades, geography and population groups, this study can provide further insight into how the pandemic affected those in the skilled trades and how the impacts were different across trades and groups.

    Release date: 2021-11-08

  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100900002
    Description:

    In Canada, the gender wage gap continues to persist and nearly two-thirds of the gap was still unexplained by standard factors such as level of education, job attributes, proportions of women and men in higher-paying occupations or industries, and demographics. This points to a continued need for analysis in this area in order to better understand gender-based wage disparity, including gender-related biases in career advancement. Using new content developed in the 2016 General Social Survey (GSS Cycle 30): Canadians at Work and Home, this study investigates the possible existence and magnitude of gender-related biases in career advancement that may prevent women from advancing in their careers.

    Release date: 2021-09-22

  • Articles and reports: 75F0002M2021006
    Description:

    Statistics Canada has undertaken a broad range of initiatives designed to understand the impacts of COVID-19 on Canadians. This update extends earlier, experimental research into monthly family income trends of Canadians over the pandemic period. The approach integrates weekly earnings available from the Canadian Labour Force Survey (LFS) together with information specific to government transfers including special COVID-19 benefits collected through administrative data sources and imputation. This update incorporates additional data sources and takes into account the emergency programs introduced at the beginning of the pandemic as well as the recovery programs introduced in late September 2020 to replace them. Population coverage is consistent with the second edition, however experimental estimates have been updated and extended through March 2021. The paper describes the data sources used, estimation strategies employed, limitations, and potential future developments.

    Release date: 2021-07-28

  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100500002
    Description:

    The financial resources available to families with young children are an important factor affecting child development, and they can have long-term impacts on socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood.

    This article summarizes the findings of a new study using Statistic Canada’s data and analyzes the effects of expanding child tax benefits on after-tax income among single mothers, in the context of the 2015 reform to the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB) and the 2016 introduction of the Canada Child Benefit (CCB).

    Release date: 2021-05-26
Reference (39)

Reference (39) (10 to 20 of 39 results)

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75-514-G2018001
    Description:

    The Guide to the Job Vacancy and Wage Survey contains a dictionary of concepts and definitions, and covers topics such as survey methodology, data collection, processing, and data quality. The guide covers both components of the survey: the job vacancy component, which is quarterly, and the wage component, which is annual.

    Release date: 2018-07-12

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75-514-G2017001
    Description:

    The Guide to the Job Vacancy and Wage Survey contains a dictionary of concepts and definitions, and covers topics such as survey methodology, data collection, processing, and data quality. The guide covers both components of the survey: the job vacancy component, which is quarterly, and the wage component, which is annual.

    Release date: 2017-06-15

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 97-563-G
    Description:

    This guide focuses on the following variables: After-tax income, Total income and its components, Income status as well as other related variables from the Income and earnings release.

    Provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2006 Census. Each guide contains definitions and explanations on census concepts, data quality and historical comparability. Additional information will be included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

    Release date: 2008-12-04

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11F0019M2003207
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The estimation of intergenerational earnings mobility is rife with measurement problems since the research does not observe permanent, lifetime earnings. Nearly all studies make corrections for mean variation in earnings because of the age differences among respondents. Recent works employ average earnings or instrumental variable methods to address the effects of measurement error as a result of transitory earnings shocks and mis-reporting. However, empirical studies of intergenerational mobility have paid no attention to the changes in earnings variance across the life cycle suggested by economic models of human capital investment.

    Using information from the Intergenerational Income Data from Canada and the National Longitudinal Survey and Panel Study of Income Dynamics from the United States, this study finds a strong association between age at observation and estimated earnings persistence. Part of this age-dependence is related to a general increase in transitory earnings variance during the collection of data. An independent effect of life cycle investment is also identified. These findings are then applied to the variation among intergenerational earnings persistence studies. Among studies with similar methodologies, one-third of the variance in published estimates of earnings persistence is attributable to cross-study differences in the age of responding fathers. Finally, these results call into question tests for the importance of credit constraints based on measures of earnings at different points in the life cycle.

    Release date: 2003-08-05

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89F0120X
    Description:

    Direct measures of skill attainment such as the International Adult Literacy Survey are used to assess the importance of educational outcome skills such as literacy in determining labour market outcomes such as earnings. Policy makers also use them to direct resources most efficiently. However, these skill measures are the product of complex statistical procedures. This paper examines the mathematical robustness of the International Adult Literacy Survey measures against other possibilities in estimating the impact of literacy on individual earnings.

    Release date: 2000-06-02

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 1713
    Description: The objective of this program is to provide data on employment (number of employees, wages and salaries) in the public sector, i.e. the federal, provincial, territorial and local general governments, health and social service institutions, universities, colleges, vocational and trade institutions, school boards, and government business enterprises.

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 2422
    Description: The survey is designed to provide annual estimates of retail sales, inventories, purchases, employees earnings and location data. This is a survey of Canadian retail business firms with sales and receipts over certain thresholds. The sales data are provided by kind of business and by province and territory.

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 2601
    Description: The Labour Cost Survey was intended to collect information on wage and non-wage benefit costs which is necessary to construct a Labour Cost index.

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 2602
    Description: The estimates are derived in order to supply the System of National Accounts (SNA) with the compensation of employees component of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 2603
    Description: This survey is an establishment census survey designed to gather data on employment, payrolls and paid-hours from larger employers (companies or establishments of 20 or more employees).
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