Earnings, wages and non-wage benefits

Description:

We investigate how family earnings instability has evolved between the late 1980s and the late 1990s and how family income instability varies across segments of the (family-level) earnings distribution. We uncover four key patterns. First, among the subset of families who were intact over the 1982-1991 and 1992-2001 periods, family earnings instability changed little between the late 1980s and the late 1990s. Second, the dispersion of families' permanent earnings became much more unequal during that period. Third, families who were in the bottom tertile of the (age-specific) earnings distribution in 1992-1995 had, during the 1996-2001 period, much more unstable market income than their counterparts in the top tertile. Fourth, among families with husbands aged under 45, the tax and transfer system has, during the 1996-2001 period, eliminated at least two-thirds (and up to all) of the differences in instability (measured in terms of proportional income gains/losses) in family market income that were observed during that period between families in the bottom tertile and those in the top tertile. This finding highlights the key stabilization role played by the tax and transfer system, a feature that has received relatively little attention during the 1990s when Employment Insurance (EI) (formerly known as Unemployment Insurance (UI)) and Social Assistance were reformed.

Description:

This article summarizes findings from the research paper entitled: The Instability of Family Earnings and Family Income in Canada, 1986 to 1991 and 1996 to 2001. Despite its implications for family well-being, little attention has been paid to the analysis of earnings instability in the context of the family versus the earnings profiles of individuals. While a focus on individuals is important, the extent to which families can generate stable income flows from the labour market is a key concern for policymakers. Therefore, using data from Statistics Canada's Longitudinal Administrative Databank (LAD), this study documents how family earnings instability has evolved between two six-year periods: 1986-1991 and 1996-2001. We also examine how husbands' earnings instability compares to couples' earnings instability, and we compute measures of instability based on family earnings, family market income, and family income before and after tax. This allows us to examine the extent to which wives' earnings reduce the volatility of husbands' employment income; the extent to which the tax and transfer system plays a stabilization role; and the extent to which wives' earnings, taxes, and transfers reduce the differences in instability between couples in the bottom of the earnings distribution and those in the top.

Description:

This study examines Canadian productivity performance over the period 1961-2004. It investigates labour productivity growth and the sources of improvements therein-multifactor productivity growth, capital intensity, and skill upgrading. It also examines the contribution that productivity growth has made to economic growth, and to improvement on living standards. Finally, this study investigates the share of income going to labour, and the real hourly compensation of workers.

Description:

We analyze the intergenerational income mobility of Canadians born to immigrants using the 2001 Census. A detailed portrait of the Canadian population is offered as are estimates of the degree of generational mobility among the children of immigrants from 70 countries. The degree of persistence as estimated in regression to the mean models is about the same for immigrants as for the entire population, and there is more generational mobility among immigrants in Canada than in the United States. We also use quantile regressions to distinguish between the role of social capital from other constraints limiting mobility and find that these are present and associated with father's education.

Description:

Workers who use computers earn more than those who do not. Is this a productivity effect or merely selection (that is, workers selected to use computers are more productive to begin with). After controlling for selection, the average worker enjoys a wage premium of 3.8% upon adopting a computer. This premium, however, obscures important differences by education and occupation. Long-run returns to computer use are over 5% for most workers. Differences between short-run and long-run returns suggest that workers may share training costs through sacrificed wages.

Description:

Using data from the 1996 and 2001 Censuses of Population, this article discusses the employment income in culture occupations and compares it with the employment income of all occupations.

Description:

This bulletin presents the final set of tables which contain salary information for the year 2003-2004. This information is collected annually under the University and College Academic Staff System and has a reference date of October 1st. Therefore, the data reflect employment in universities as of that date. Each university must authorize Statistics Canada to release their information. However, information for institutions that have less than 100 full-time staff are not included.

Description:

Prolonged periods of low earnings can limit an individual's capacity to cope with income losses or unexpected expenses, and makes economic self-sufficiency difficult. The ability to escape low earnings is linked to a number of factors, including age, firm size, and changing jobs.

Description:

This bulletin contains salary information for the year 2004-2005. Information is provided for institutions that have determined salaries for the period and have responded quickly to the survey. This information is collected annually under the "University and College Academic Staff Survey" and has a reference date of October 1st. Therefore, the data reflect employment in universities as of that date. Each university must authorize Statistics Canada to release their information. However, information for institutions that have less than 100 full-time staff are not included.

Description:

The earnings gap in favour of university graduates compared to those with less education is referred to as an "education premium". In order to better understand trends in the education premium, the analysis summarized here examines employment and earnings trends in Canada for males and females, young (age 25-35) and prime-aged workers (age 36-55) and across industry sectors.

Description:

Number of employment insurance beneficiaries by census metropolitan category, total and regular income benefits, declared earnings, sex, and age group, last 5 months.

Description:

Number of employment insurance beneficiaries by economic region, total and regular income benefits, declared earnings, sex, and age group, last 5 months.

Description:

Number of employment insurance beneficiaries receiving regular income benefits by economic region, last 5 months.

Description:

Number of employment insurance beneficiaries by employment insurance region, total and regular income benefits, declared earnings, sex, and age group, last 5 months.

Description: Number of employment insurance benefit disqualifications and disentitlements by reason, last 5 months.

Description: Number of employment insurance claims received by province and territory, last 5 months.

Description: Number of employment insurance claims received and allowed, by province and territory and type of claim, last 5 months.

Description: Number of persons covered by employment insurance, last 5 months.

Description: Benefit payments and number of benefit weeks of employment insurance benefits, by class of worker and type of income benefits, last 5 months.

Description: Benefit payments and number of benefit weeks of employment insurance regular income benefits, last 5 months.

Description:

Although minimum wage workers are often young people living with their parents, other workers in this category are trying to support families. To evaluate the effects of a change in the minimum wage, it is essential to know who work for minimum wage and the types of jobs they hold.

Description:

The study explores reasons for the declining wages and salaries of new immigrants to Canada.

Description:

This study profiles Canadian workers with low weekly earnings in their main job in 1996 and examines their upward mobility in 2001, using data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID).

Description:

This paper examines characteristics and earnings of health workers - professionals, technical personnel and support personnel - using the 1991 and 2001 censuses. It examines the characteristics of nurses and doctors in more detail.

Description:

Although generally considered a happy event, the birth of a baby brings with it significant stresses. The transition period of adjusting to the demands of a new lifestyle is often made smoother when parents are able to take some time off work and stay at home with their newborn. Over the years, the Canadian government has extended parental leave several times to allow mothers and fathers more time with their children. This article examines whether parents now remain at home longer with their infants, as well as the socio-demographic factors that influence the length of leave time taken.

Description:

Using census data covering the 1980 to 2000 period, we examine what outcomes would be necessary for cohorts of recent immigrants to achieve earnings parity with Canadian-born workers. Our results show that today's recent immigrants would have to experience a drastic rise of their relative age-earnings profile in the near future for their earnings to converge with their Canadian-born counterparts. The reason is simple: the greater relative earnings growth experienced by cohorts of recent immigrants has only partially offset the drastic deterioration in their relative earnings at entry.

Description:

Using a dataset which combines the 1982-1997 tax records and administrative records of British Columbia bachelor's graduates from the classes of 1974-1996, this study examine the real annual earnings of graduates across 20 major fields of study for significant changes in earnings across cohorts. Male graduates in more recent cohorts had lower mean earnings after graduation but higher returns to experience. Recent cohorts of women graduates had equal earnings levels after graduation and higher returns to experience. Mean earnings differed among fields of study, favouring applied degrees in teacher training, commerce, engineering, nursing and medical sciences, but cohort effects were statistically identical for graduates from all fields of study. These results show no evidence of a major change in earnings consistent with a decline in returns to a university education, or a shift in demand favouring specific degrees.

Description:

This article looks at the early employment experiences of three groups of working age immigrants: those who arrived in 1981, in 1991 and in 1996.

Description:

This report examines part-time work and the provision of 'family-friendly' work arrangements, such as flextime, telework, childcare and eldercare services.

Description:

This article examines the labour market activity of mothers before and after the 2000 amendment to the Employment Insurance (EI) program. The amendment enables working parents to care for a newborn for a longer period of time, while still ensuring them secure re-entry into the labour market.

Description: This survey collects information on work schedules, hours of work, flexible hours, home-based work, as well as on employee benefits and wages.

Description: The Employment Insurance Coverage Survey provides a meaningful picture of who does or does not have access to EI benefits among the jobless and those in a situation of underemployment. The survey also covers access to maternity and parental benefits.

Description: The retirement savings data file provides information on the number of Canadians participating in an employer-sponsored pension plans (e.g.registered pension plans (RPPs) and deferred profit sharing plans (DPSPs)) and contributing to registered retirement savings plans (RRSPs) for the taxation year.

Description: This survey will measure compensation paid to employees in various occupational categories in both the private and public sectors.

Description: The main purpose of this survey is to evaluate the impact of Employment Benefits and Support Measures (EBSM) offered by Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSDC) in the province of Ontario during fiscal year 2001-2002.

Description: This survey identified identify the prevailing wages paid to seasonal horticultural workers in labourer or manual occupations. Specifically, it focused on foreign and domestic workers hired as farm labourers or harvesters, and nursery or greenhouse labourers.

Description: The purpose of this survey is to collect information about job vacancies and wages by occupation, at the national, provincial, territorial and economic region levels.

Description: This is non-Statistics Canada information.

Description: The Longitudinal Employment Analysis Program (LEAP) is a database that contains annual employment information for each employer business in Canada, starting with the 1983 reference year.