Earnings, wages and non-wage benefits

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Key indicators

Selected geographical area: Canada

Regular Employment Insurance beneficiaries - Canada
(February 2024)

470,530

-0.0%

(monthly change)
Regular Employment Insurance beneficiaries (year-over-year change) - Canada
(February 2024)

20.0%

(12-month change)

More earnings, wages and non-wage benefits indicators

Selected geographical area: Canada

Average weekly earnings - Canada
(January 2024)

$1,228.01

3.9%

(12-month change)
Quarterly labour productivity - Canada
(Fourth quarter 2023)

0.4%

(quarterly change)
Active Registered Pension Plan Membership - Canada
(2022)

6,711,260.0

1.8%

(annual change)
Annual labour productivity (chained (2012) dollars) - Canada
(2022)

$57.60 per hour

-1.5%

(annual change)

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Results

All (264)

All (264) (190 to 200 of 264 results)

191. The "Who, What, When and Where" of Gender Pay Differentials Archived
Articles and reports: 71-584-M2002004
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper addresses pay differentials between the sexes in terms of the characteristics of the individual worker, the tasks of the worker, the employment contract between the worker and the workplace, and the contribution of specific workplace characteristics to these pay differentials.
Release date: 2002-07-30
192. Wives, Mothers and Wages: Does Timing Matter? Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2002186
Geography: Canada
Description:
Current trends in marriage and fertility patterns suggest that young Canadian women are delaying family formation and concentrating on developing their careers. Using data from the 1998 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this study provides Canadian evidence on the effect of marital status and parenthood status on the wage rates of Canadian women. As well, this paper attempts to determine whether decisions regarding the timing of family formation influence the wages of women and whether these decisions have a permanent or temporary impact on earnings. The main results of the paper are as follows.
After controlling for differences in work history, labour force qualifications and selected job characteristics, the cross sectional analysis suggests that there is no association between marital status and wages while the evidence on the relationship between wages and motherhood is mixed.
When controls for years with children were included, there is a positive association of motherhood with wages that persists in the early years of motherhood but declines as the number of years with children lengthens. These results support the specialization, selection, differential treatment by employers and the work effort explanations for differences in the wages of mothers relative to other women. There is no such finding for married women and the duration of marriage.
It is a well-documented fact that the acquisition of job-related skills and significant wage growth is concentrated at the start of workers' careers - which generally coincides with decisions regarding marriage and children. If this is the case, then the timing of marriage and children may be considered proxies for omitted, unobserved characteristics, related to human capital skills, differentiated work history or labour force attachment. Conforming to theoretical expectations when the timing of children is taken into account, women that postpone having children earn at least 6.0% more than women who have children early. There is no significant association between the timing of marriage and wages.
The observed relationship between women's wages and their decision to delay having children tends to persist after the birth of their first child but tends to decline over time. Thus, augmented family responsibilities will tend to reduce any initial wage differentials based on delays of assuming these responsibilities.
Release date: 2002-05-01
193. Winners and Losers in the Labour Market of the 1990s Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2002184
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper examines the Canadian labour market during the 1990s and contrasts it to prior decades, with a special focus on distributional outcomes. It discusses changes in relative earnings between groups, changes in relative labour market outcomes of women and older workers, changes in earnings and income inequality, and changes in low-income.
Release date: 2002-03-01
194. The male-female wage gap Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X20010126036
Geography: Canada
Description:
The issue of male-female wage inequality is complex, and requires analysis from a number of different perspectives. This article demonstrates the importance of measurement, decomposition techniques and differences in the gap along the wage scale.
Release date: 2001-12-17
195. The Effects of Inter-provincial Mobility on Individuals' Earnings: Panel Model Estimates for Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2001163
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper presents the findings of an empirical investigation of the effects of inter-provincial migration on individuals' earnings based on the newly available Longitudinal Administrative Database (LAD). The main results are based on a difference model which estimates the effects of mobility on (log) earnings which implicitly controls for initial earnings levels and other fixed effects, as well as other influences captured by the regressors included in the models. Inter-provincial mobility is found to be associated with statistically significant and in many cases quantitatively substantial changes in individuals' earnings, with these effects varying by age, sex, and province of origin. Pre- and post-move earnings profiles are also analysed, offering support for the validity of the difference model approach and indicating that movers are quickly integrated into local labour markets after their moves. Implications are discussed and possible directions for future research are suggested.
Release date: 2001-10-25
196. Income Prospects of British Columbia University Graduates Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2001170
Geography: Canada, Province or territory
Description:
Using a new dataset which combines the 1982-1997 tax records and administrative records of British Columbia bachelors graduates from the classes of 1974-96, the real market income of graduates is examined, focussing on changes in income between graduating cohorts, as well as differences across major fields of study. For men and women BC graduates, there has been a decline in real annual income received after graduation for more recent cohorts which is eventually offset by a higher growth rate in income. Also, annual incomes after graduation are relatively high for graduates with applied degrees such as in the engineering, education, and health fields, however, incomes converge as graduate cohorts age. The former finding is at odds with those of Beaudry and Green (1997) who found that weekly earnings declined across cohorts for male university graduates, with no offsetting rise in the growth rate (their results were more similar for women). Differences may be due to this paper's use of annual income as an outcome measure, or its focus on BC student's outcomes rather than national outcomes.
Release date: 2001-05-04
197. Literacy, Numeracy and Labour Market Outcomes in Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 89-552-M2001008
Geography: Canada
Description:
This study investigates the relationship between labour market success and literacy skills, specifically prose literacy, document literacy and quantitative literacy or numeracy. It focuses on the relationship between literacy and annual, weekly and hourly earnings.
Release date: 2001-03-19
198. Graduates' earnings and the job skills-education match Archived
Articles and reports: 81-003-X20000025524
Geography: Canada
Description:
This study examines the extent to which postsecondary graduates use their acquired skills, and the correspondence of their educational qualifications to the job requirements.
Release date: 2001-03-01
199. The Persistent Gap: New Evidence on the Canadian Gender Wage Gap Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2001157
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article uses data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) to investigate the extent to which factors not previously explored in the Canadian context account for wage differences between men and women. Like other studies using standard decomposition techniques and controlling for a variety of productivity-related characteristics, the results demonstrate that men still enjoy a wage advantage over women: women's average hourly wage rate is about 84% - 89% of the men's average. Unlike other studies, controls for work experience and job-related responsibilities are used. Gender differences in full-year, full-time work experience explain at most, 12% of the gender wage gap. Gender differences in the opportunity to supervise and to perform certain tasks account for about 5% of the gender wage gap. Yet despite the long list of productivity related factors, a substantial portion of the gender wage gap cannot be explained.
Many studies rely on measures such as age or potential experience (= age minus number of years of schooling minus six) as a proxy for actual labour market. Neither of these measures account for complete withdrawals from the labour market nor for restrictions on the number of hours worked per week or on the number of weeks worked per year due to family-related responsibilities. The results show that proxies for experience yield larger adjusted gender wage gaps than when actual experience is used.
Release date: 2001-01-30
200. The Impact of International Trade on the Wages of Canadians Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2001156
Geography: Canada
Description:
Developments in the relative wages of more and less educated workers during the early 1990s are examined using the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics. Particular attention is paid to the role of international trade in determining the wage differential between workers with post-secondary certification and those without. It is shown that in the absence of the relatively greater growth in the supply of more educated workers, the gap between the wages of more and less educated workers would have increased. After controlling for some of the most likely influences on real wages it is found that international trade has a significant positive impact on the wages of both more and less educated workers. However, the impact on the more highly educated seems to be some four times stronger, roughly the same as the impact of technological change
Release date: 2001-01-12

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Analysis (264)

Analysis (264) (0 to 10 of 264 results)

1. Labour market outcomes for college and university graduates, 2010 to 2020
Articles and reports: 37-20-00012024001
Description: This guide is for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this issue are derived from integrating Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) administrative data with other administrative data on earnings. Statistics Canada has derived a series of annual indicators on the labour market outcomes of public postsecondary graduates including median employment income by educational qualification, field of study, age group, gender and status of student in Canada for Canada, the provinces and the territories combined.
Release date: 2024-04-17
2. Immigration and the shifting occupational distribution in Canada, 2001 to 2021
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400300006
Description: Research generally supports the idea that technological change has favoured the demand for workers in occupations requiring higher levels of education and skills and negatively affected employment in occupations requiring lower skill levels. This article assesses the changes over the past two decades in the occupational skill level of employment in Canada, with a focus on the role of immigration in the changing occupational structure.
Release date: 2024-03-27
3. Prevalence of low income among persons in one-parent families headed by an immigrant parent: An intersectional analysis
Articles and reports: 45-20-00022024001
Description: Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, this article examines the prevalence of low income among persons in one-parent families with an immigrant parent. This article explores the prevalence of low income according to characteristics of the parent (e.g., admission category, period of immigration) and their family and household (e.g., number of children, household type).
Release date: 2024-03-25
4. Earnings of one-step and two-step economic immigrants: Comparisons from the arrival year
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400100006
Description: Since the early 2000s, the two-step immigration selection process, through which economic immigrants are chosen from the pool of temporary foreign workers, has expanded rapidly. This article compares earnings of one-step and two-step economic immigrants from the year of arrival, with a focus on the comparison within major admission classes. It further examines whether the results of the comparison have changed across arrival cohorts from the 2000s to the 2010s.
Release date: 2024-01-24
5. Provincial Nominee Program: Recent trends and provincial differences in earnings outcomes
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301200004
Description: The actual earnings of provincial nominees and their relative earnings (to those of other economic immigrants) are important indicators of the ability of the Provincial Nominee Program to meet provincial labour market needs. This article updates national-level research on the earnings patterns of provincial nominees and, for the first time, provides provincial comparisons.
Release date: 2023-12-21
6. The farm operator gender pay gap is narrowing
Articles and reports: 96-325-X202100100018
Description: The gender pay gap is a longstanding issue that exists in various industries across Canada, including the agricultural sector. This article provides analysis on the gender pay gap among Canada’s farm operators over time and explores the gender pay gap in 2020 by geography, farm type, revenue class, level of education, field of study, racialized group and population centre.
Release date: 2023-12-08
7. Intersectional Perspective on the Canadian Gender Wage Gap
Articles and reports: 45-20-00022023002
Description: Using the Labour Force Survey (LFS) from 2007 to 2022, this article examines how aggregate statistics of the gender wage gap (GWG) from 2007 to 2022 mask the distinct experiences of diverse population groups, namely Indigenous and immigrant population compared to wage gap among Canadian-born men and women, and how various factors that underlie the observed GWGs will determine whether each population group faces unique challenges or whether they share common challenges.
Release date: 2023-09-21
8. Education and earnings of Canadian-born Black populations
Articles and reports: 75-006-X202300100009
Description: Using data from the 2021 Census, this study examines educational attainment and earnings of the Canadian-born Black population, focusing on three groups: i) those with at least one African-born parent (African-origin); ii) those with at least one Caribbean-born parent (Caribbean-origin); and iii) those whose parents were both born in Canada (Canadian-origin).
Release date: 2023-08-22
9. Canadian postsecondary education and labour market outcomes of 2010 economic immigrants to Canada
Articles and reports: 81-595-M2023003
Description: Using the Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) integrated with the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) and the T1 Family File (T1FF), this study explores the Canadian postsecondary educational attainment and employment income of immigrants from the “economic immigrant” programs who were granted permanent residency based on their ability to contribute to the Canadian economy. The analysis compares the skilled immigrants who returned to postsecondary education after admission to Canada to those who did not return to postsecondary education and explores their potential difficulty to transfer their educational qualifications onto the Canadian labour market.
Release date: 2023-08-15
10. Wages by deciles, 1997 to 2022
Articles and reports: 14-28-0001202300100005
Description: In the publication Quality of Employment in Canada, the Earnings by deciles indicator examines the median usual hourly wages as well as the ratios between hourly wage deciles for employees in their main job. Three decile ratios are used to measure wage inequality: the 9th decile divided by the 1st decile; the 9th decile divided by the 5th decile; and the 5th decile divided by the 1st decile.
Release date: 2023-06-13

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Date modified:: 2024-04-19