Earnings, wages and non-wage benefits

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Key indicators

Selected geographical area: Canada

Average weekly earnings - Canada
(January 2024)

$1,228.01

3.9%

(12-month change)
Regular Employment Insurance beneficiaries - Canada
(January 2024)

468,300

0.3%

(monthly change)

More earnings, wages and non-wage benefits indicators

Selected geographical area: Canada

Regular Employment Insurance beneficiaries (year-over-year change) - Canada
(January 2024)

18.0%

(12-month change)
Quarterly labour productivity - Canada
(Fourth quarter 2023)

0.4%

(quarterly change)
Active Registered Pension Plan Membership - Canada
(2022)

6,711,260.0

1.8%

(annual change)
Annual labour productivity (chained (2012) dollars) - Canada
(2022)

$57.60 per hour

-1.5%

(annual change)
Median employment income five years after graduation for undergraduate degree graduates - Canada
(2016)

$64,000
Median employment income five years after graduation for college-level diploma graduates - Canada
(2016)

$49,000

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Results

All (157)

All (157) (30 to 40 of 157 results)

31. Age and earnings Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X200910113222
Geography: Canada
Description:
Traditional age-earnings profiles, based on cross-sectional data, typically follow an inverted U-shaped pattern with annual earnings peaking around middle age. With longitudinal data on hourly earnings, the picture changes considerably.
Release date: 2009-03-18
32. The impact of working in a non-official language on the occupations and earnings of immigrants in Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11-008-X200900110771
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article explores the implications of working in a language other than English or French for immigrants in Canada. It looks at the occupations and industries in which immigrants who use non-official languages on the job are found. Holding other factors constant, it also looks at the impact on employment earnings and the financial returns to education for immigrants who work in languages other than English or French.
Release date: 2009-01-20
33. Trends in employment and wages, 2002 to 2007 Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X200810913216
Geography: Canada
Description:
In 2007, the proportion of employed people in Canada was at its highest level in at least three decades, while the national unemployment rate sank to a 33-year low of 5.8%. However, manufacturing employment in Canada, as in the United States, has been on a downward trend. Between 2002 and 2007 employment rates increased the most in the highest-paying industries and occupations. On the other hand, some job losses were experienced by machine operators and assembly workers. Retail trade had been the largest creator of new jobs but was surpassed in 2007 by construction, and health care and social assistance.
Release date: 2008-12-18
34. Long-run Inequality and Annual Instability of Men's and Women's Earnings in Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2008311
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper examines the variability of workers' earnings in Canada over the 1982-to-2000 period by a graphical descriptive approach using the Longitudinal Administrative Data base file. Following Gottschalk and Moffitt (1994), we decompose the total variance of workers' earnings into a 'permanent' or long-run component between workers and a 'transitory' or year-to-year earnings instability component over time for given workers. The decomposition is applied to a five-year moving window. Several results are found. First, the general rise in total earnings variance over the period reflects quite different patterns of change for its separate components. Long-run earnings inequality has generally increased over the period, while year-to-year earnings instability has pretty steadily decreased. Changes in the total earnings variability have been driven primarily by changes in long-run earnings inequality. Second, the patterns of change in the two variance components showed substantial differences between men and women. Since the early 1990s, long-run earnings inequality continued to rise for men, but it markedly decreased for women. Since the late 1980s, earnings instability fell quite steadily for women, but it showed a more cyclical pattern for men. Third, the patterns across ages of the two variance components are almost opposite. Long-run earnings inequality generally rises with age, so it is markedly highest among older-age workers. Earnings instability, in contrast, generally declines with age, so it is markedly highest among entry-age workers.
Release date: 2008-12-18
35. Trends in employment and wages, 2002 to 2007 Archived
Articles and reports: 11-010-X200801010713
Geography: Canada
Description:
While factory jobs have declined in recent years, this has been outweighed by gains elsewhere, often in high-paying occupations.
Release date: 2008-10-16
36. Fathers' use of paid parental leave Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X200810613211
Geography: Canada
Description:
In 2001, shareable parental leave benefits under the federal Parental Benefits Program increased from 10 to 35 weeks, and in 2006 Quebec introduced its Parental Insurance Program. These changes led to a significant increase in the number of fathers claiming paid parental leave benefits. Between 2000 and 2006, the proportion of fathers claiming parental benefits jumped from 3% to 20%. The most common reasons for fathers not claiming the benefits were family choice, difficulty taking time off work and financial issues.
Release date: 2008-09-24
37. The Post-childbirth Employment of Canadian Mothers and the Earnings Trajectories of Their Continuously Employed Counterparts, 1983 to 2004 Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2008314
Geography: Canada
Description:
Using the 1983-to-2004 Longitudinal Worker File, this study examines the post-childbirth employment, job mobility and earnings trajectories of Canadian mothers. We found that both the long- and the short-term post-childbirth employment rates of early 2000s cohorts of Canadian mothers were higher than their mid-1980s counterparts, and, relative to childless women, Canadian mothers became less likely to quit over time.
Our data also allow us to examine the earnings impact of childbirth for a group of Canadian mothers who had strong labour market attachment. For them, earnings dropped by 40% and 30% in the year of childbirth and the year after, respectively. Under both the fixed-effects and the fixed-trend models, the earnings impact of childbirth declined over the other post-childbirth years. Results from the fixed-trend model further suggest that, from the second to the seventh post-childbirth years, the negative effects varied between 8% and 3% and became negligible thereafter.
Release date: 2008-08-27
38. Earnings Inequality and Earnings Instability of Immigrants in Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2008309
Geography: Canada
Description:
The deterioration of immigrants' entry earnings in Canada in the past three decades has been well documented. This study provides further insights into the changing fortunes of immigrants by focusing on their earnings inequality and earnings instability. The analysis is based on a flexible econometric model that decomposes earnings inequality into current and long-term components. In addition to constructing earnings inequality and earnings instability profiles for different arrival cohorts, we also examine the underlying causes of earnings inequality, including the impact of foreign education, birthplace and the ability to speak English or French.
Release date: 2008-04-09
39. Earnings in the last decade Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X200810213204
Geography: Canada
Description:
The pay structure for Canada's workers has changed over the past decade. Pay rates have risen in Alberta, especially since 2004. In Ontario and Quebec, earnings in manufacturing have not fallen substantially, despite sharp decreases in employment. Even after the turbulence of the 2001 to 2004 period, average earnings in the CT sector ended up rising 12% in real terms. Along with changes in trade patterns and technology use, demographic trends have also influenced labour market conditions and earnings. This article examines the evolution of earnings in Canada from 1997 to 2007.
Release date: 2008-03-18
40. The Demographic Foundations of Rising Employment and Earnings Among Single Mothers in Canada and the United States, 1980 to 2000 Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2008305
Geography: Canada
Description:
Despite comparatively modest welfare reforms in Canada relative to those of the United States, employment rates and earnings among single mothers have risen by virtually identical magnitudes in the two countries since 1980. We show that most of the gains in Canada and a substantial share of the change in the United States were the result of the dynamics of cohort replacement and population aging as the large and better educated baby boom generation replaced earlier cohorts and began entering their forties. In both countries, demographic effects were the main factor accounting for higher employment and earnings among older (40 and over) single mothers. Changes among younger single mothers, in contrast, were mainly the result of changes in labour market behaviour and other unmeasured variables. Overall, demographic changes dominated in Canada but not in the United States for two reasons: (a) Canadian single mothers are significantly older than their U.S. counterparts; and, (b) consistent with the welfare reform thesis, the magnitude of behavioural change among younger single mothers was much larger in the United States.
Release date: 2008-03-07

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Analysis (157)

Analysis (157) (0 to 10 of 157 results)

1. Wages and Full-time Employment Rates of Young High School Graduates and Bachelor’s Degree Holders, 1997 to 2012 Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2014360
Geography: Canada
Description:
This study examines which factors underlie the narrowing of wage differences seen between young bachelor’s degree holders and high school graduates from the 2000-to-2002 period to the 2010-to-2012 period and the widening of differences in full-time paid employment rates between these two groups.
Four types of factors are considered: those associated with changes in labour supply, labour demand, institutions and employer–employee contracts, and general economic conditions.
Changes in the population of bachelor’s degree holders relative to the population of high school graduates are used to capture changes in relative labour supply.
Release date: 2014-04-28
2. An Investment of a Lifetime? The Long-term Labour Market Premiums Associated with a Postsecondary Education Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2014359
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper examines the long-term labour market premiums associated with completing a college certificate and a bachelor's degree, compared to completing a high school diploma. Several labour market outcomes of individuals are examined with longitudinal data over a 20-year period spanning their mid-30s to their mid-50s.
With the creation of a new linked file consisting of the 1991 Census of Population and the Longitudinal Worker File (LWF), it is now possible to follow individuals in the labour market for a longer period of time than is feasible with existing survey data. The purpose of this study is to compare labour market outcomes of individuals with different levels of educational attainment over a 20-year period spanning their mid-30s to their mid-50s. Three levels of education are considered, corresponding to the decisions made by students following high school graduation: a high school diploma, a college certificate, and a bachelor's degree. Longitudinal data are used to track total earnings (wages and salaries plus net self-employment income), coverage in an employer-sponsored pension plan, employment, union membership, and permanent and temporary layoffs over the period 1991 to 2010.
Release date: 2014-02-27
3. The Long-term Labour Market Premiums Associated with a Terminal High School Diploma Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2014354
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper examines the long-term labour market premiums associated with a high school diploma. The focus is on the value of the qualification (the signaling effect), but the premiums associated with the number of years of schooling required to obtain the qualification (the human-capital effect) are also estimated. The labour market outcomes of individuals born in the mid-1960s are measured from their mid-20s to their mid-40s with longitudinal administrative data from the Longitudinal Worker File (LWF) that are linked to the 1991 Census of Population. Two groups are considered: terminal high school graduates (those who had obtained a high school diploma but had not acquired any postsecondary education by the 1991 Census) and individuals without a high school diploma (those who had no high school diploma, were not enrolled in high school, and had no postsecondary education at the time of the 1991 Census).
Release date: 2014-01-23
4. Twenty Years in the Careers of Immigrant and Native-Born Workers Archived
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2013032
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article addresses three questions: (1) What were the employment dynamics of a specific cohort of immigrant and native-born workers over the 20 years from 1991 to 2010? (2) To what extent did initial differences in earnings and pension coverage between the two groups narrow during this period? (3) Which factors were associated with the narrowing of these differences? The data are from the linked Census 1991-Longitudinal Worker File and pertain to real annual wages and salaries and pension coverage of immigrants aged 25 to 34 in 1991 who arrived in Canada from 1985 to 1990 and native-born workers of the same age.
Release date: 2013-11-29
5. The Evolution of Canadian Wages over the Last Three Decades Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2013347
Geography: Canada
Description:
This study examines how real wages of Canadian workers evolved from 1981 to 2011 across five dimensions: gender, age, education, industry, and occupation.
Release date: 2013-03-15
6. Earnings Losses of Displaced Workers with Stable Labour Market Attachment: Recent Evidence from Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2012346
Geography: Canada
Description:
This study examines long-term earnings losses of workers laid off during the early 1990s and the early 2000s using data from Statistics Canada's Longitudinal Worker File (LWF). In contrast to earlier studies, many of which focused on narrowly defined samples, this study compares earnings losses across all groups of displaced workers with stable labour market attachment prior to layoff. The study shows that focusing solely on high-seniority laid-off workers or workers laid off in firm closures leads to the exclusion of at least two-thirds of Canadian displaced workers with stable labour market attachment.
Release date: 2012-11-29
7. Certification, Completion, and the Wages of Canadian Registered Apprentices Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2012345
Geography: Canada
Description:
This study uses the 2007 National Apprenticeship Survey (NAS) to compare hourly wage differences observed between apprentices who complete their programs and apprentices who discontinue their programs. The primary objective is to estimate the magnitude of the wage difference between these groups while taking into account a broad range of characteristics. Furthermore, wage comparisons are refined further by disaggregating apprentices into four mutually exclusive groups, defined on the basis of program completion and certification.
Release date: 2012-10-03
8. Leave practices of parents after the birth or adoption of young children Archived
Articles and reports: 11-008-X201200211697
Geography: Canada
Description:
Many parents take time off work to care for a child after birth or adoption. Whether or not parents take leave and the duration of that leave may be influenced by characteristics such as parental employment or child and maternal health factors.
This article examines children's experiences of parent-reported leave after their birth or adoption. In addition, associations between leave and parent employment and child and maternal health factors are analyzed using data from the 2010 Survey of Young Canadians.
Release date: 2012-07-30
9. Wage Growth over the Past 30 Years: Changing Wages by Age and Education Archived
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2012008
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article in the Economic Insights series examines two questions: (1) Which groups of Canadian workers have experienced stronger real wage growth over the past three decades?; and (2) To what extent do individuals' acquisition of education, general work experience, and seniority within firms, as well as their movements into higher-wage or lower-wage occupations and industries, account for differences in real wage growth observed across groups of workers? This article uses data from various Statistics Canada surveys and focuses on the real (hourly or weekly) wages earned by full-time workers. It is based on research carried out at Statistics Canada aimed at providing information on how wage rates of Canadian workers have changed over the past three decades. Wages are expressed in 2010 dollars.
Release date: 2012-06-15
10. Cities and Growth: Moving to Toronto - Income Gains Associated with Large Metropolitan Labour Markets Archived
Articles and reports: 11-622-M2012023
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper examines the process by which migrants experience gains in earnings subsequent to migration and, in particular, the advantage that migrants obtain from moving to large, dynamic metropolitan labour markets, using Toronto as a benchmark. There are two potentially distinct patterns to gains in earnings associated with migration. The first is a step upwards in which workers realize immediate gains in earnings subsequent to migration. The second is accelerated gains in earnings subsequent to migration. Immediate gains are associated with obtaining a position in a more productive firm and/or a better match between worker skills and abilities and job tasks. Accelerated gains in earnings are associated processes that take time, such as learning or job switching as workers and firms seek out better matches. Evaluated here is the expectation that the economies of large metropolitan areas provide workers with an initial productive advantage stemming from a one-time improvement in worker productivity and/or a dynamic that accelerates gains in earnings over time through the potentially entwined processes of learning and matching. A variety of datasets and methodologies, including propensity score matching, are used to evaluate patterns of income gains associated with migration to Toronto.
Release date: 2012-05-03

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Date modified:: 2024-04-16