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  • 1. Trends in Homeownership by Age and Household Income: Factors Associated with the Decision to Own, 1981 to 2006 Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0027M2013083
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper examines why rates of homeownership have been increasing amongst young higher-income households, but declining among young lower-income households. For the period from 1981 to 2006, household data from the Census of Population, supplemented with information from the Survey of Financial Security, are employed to model the decision to own across the income distribution. The model assesses whether housing market conditions (e.g., the cost of renting versus owning), the financial condition of households (e.g., whether the household has sufficient wealth to make a standard down payment), and demographic factors (e.g., changing family composition) account for these diverging trends in housing demand.

    Release date: 2013-01-29
  • 2. Incomes of Retirement-age and Working-age Canadians: Accounting for Home Ownership Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0027M2010064
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper estimates the implicit income generated by the home equity of working-age and retirement-age households. In so doing, it expands our understanding of Canadians' preparation for retirement by taking into account the services that homeowners realize as a result of having invested in their homes. On the basis of both the 2006 Survey of Household Spending and the 2006 Census of Population, we find that housing services make an important contribution to household income. When estimates of the services provided by the equity invested in housing are added to traditional estimates of income, the income of retirement-age households is increased by 9% to 12% for those in the 60-to-69 age class and by 12% to 15% for those in the 70-plus age class. In turn, this additional income reduces the difference in income between working-age and retirement-age households that own their own homes. According to the Survey of Household Spending, net incomes decline by about 45% between the peak household earning years and the 70-plus retirement-age class. This figure is reduced to 42% when the contribution of housing services is taken into account. The Census provides a similar picture: the gap in incomes is 38% when net income alone is considered and 35% when one accounts for housing services.

    Release date: 2010-07-26
  • 3. Homeownership over the Life Course of Canadians: Evidence from Canadian Censuses of Population Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2010325
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Homeownership affects investment, consumption, and savings decisions of households, and plays a major role in post-retirement well-being. This paper examines two questions. First, to what extent do Canadians acquire and retain homeownership at different life-course stages, particularly after retirement? Second, has the age profile of homeownership changed over generations?

    Using data from eight Canadian censuses of population, conducted between 1971 and 2006, we find a strong regularity in the age profile of homeownership across generations of Canadians. The homeownership rate rises quickly with the age of household maintainers (i.e., the person(s) who pay(s) for shelter costs) in the period before the age of 40, and continues to climb thereafter at a slower pace until reaching the plateau near age 65, when about three quarters of Canadian households own their homes. We find that the homeownership rate changes little from age 65 to 74 but starts declining after age 75. As well, we note that the level at which homeownership plateaus has risen steadily across birth cohorts since the 1970s.

    Release date: 2010-06-07
  • 4. The impact of age, income, and family structure on homeownership Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-010-X201000211122
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    A look how age, income and family structure affects homeownership over time.

    Release date: 2010-02-11
  • 5. Have patterns of living in owned versus rented dwellings changed since 1985? Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-630-X200800110647
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Between 1985 and 2006, the percentage of Canadians living in dwellings where someone in the household was the owner gradually increased from about 70% to 78%.

    Release date: 2008-06-19
  • 6. Young people's access to home ownership Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-008-X200700510314
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Home ownership is very important to the vast majority of Canadians. Young adults are no different from the general population in this respect. To what extent do young adults succeed in making this desire a reality? What are the characteristics of those young people who own their home, and what are the obstacles to home ownership? Using data from the 2006 General Social Survey on family transitions, this article answers these questions by identifying the different factors associated with home ownership among young people aged 25 to 39 who no longer live with their parents.

    Release date: 2007-12-11
  • 7. Socio-demographic factors in the current housing market Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-010-X20050108758
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The current boom in housing reflects not just low interest rates, but also a number of factors such as population changes, migration and household formation. These will continue to support housing even if interest rates rise.

    Release date: 2005-10-13
  • 8. Property taxes relative to income Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X200510313137
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Local government revenues are increasingly perceived as inadequate to fund the program responsibilities of municipalities. Property taxes (residential and non-residential) are by far the most important revenue source, accounting for 35% in 2003 (up from 30% in 1988). But, residential property taxes are commonly viewed as regressive in relation to income. This study uses the 2001 Census of Population to quantify the regressiveness of residential property taxes in Canadian municipalities, and to examine whether regressive taxes are generally attributable to lower-income seniors living in high-priced homes.

    Release date: 2005-06-20
  • 9. The Decline of the Immigrant Homeownership Advantage: Life-cycle, Declining Fortunes and Changing Housing Careers in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver, 1981-2001 Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005238
    Geography: Canada, Census metropolitan area
    Description:

    In the past, working-age immigrant families in Canada's large urban centres had higher homeownership rates than the Canadian-born. Over the past twenty years however, this advantage has reversed, due jointly to a drop in immigrant rates and a rise in the popularity of homeownership among the Canadian-born. This paper assesses the efficacy of standard consumer choice models, which include indicators for age, income, education, family type, plus several immigrant characteristics, to explain these changes. The main findings are that the standard model almost completely explains the immigrant homeownership advantage in 1981, as well as the rise over time among the Canadian-born, but even after accounting for the well-known decline in immigrant economic fortunes, only about one-third of the 1981-2001 immigrant change in homeownership rates is explained. The implications of this inability are discussed and several suggestions for further research are made.

    Release date: 2005-02-03
  • 10. Evolving Housing Conditions in Canada's Census Metropolitan Areas, 1991-2001 Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-613-M2004005
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The report examines housing market trends and housing adequacy, suitability, affordability, and core housing need in Canada's census metropolitan areas (CMAs) from 1991 to 2001.

    It begins with a review of demographic and housing market trends, including changes in house prices, rents, and incomes during the 1990s and of factors underlying increasing housing demand late in the decade. Against this backdrop, subsequent chapters examine how well households living in CMAs were housed in 1991, 1996, and 2001. Households that do not live in acceptable housing and do not have sufficient income to afford such housing are deemed to be in core housing need. The last chapter of the report explores the spatial distribution of core housing need in CMAs in 2001 and the characteristics of neighbourhoods in which core housing need was most prevalent.

    This publication is not available. For more information, contact Andrew Heisz at 613-951-3748 or Sébastien Larochelle-Côté at 613-951-0803.

    Release date: 2005-01-05
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