Balance of international payments

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  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-605-X201100211471
    Description:

    This paper presents the background, methodological change and implementation of the revised real import and export adjustments that account for exchange rate fluctuations.

    Release date: 2011-05-30

  • Articles and reports: 11-010-X201000911343
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    A review of how the unfolding of the global financial crisis was reflected in securities transactions and investment flows into and out of Canada.

    Release date: 2010-09-16

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-604-M2009062
    Description:

    Statistics Canada produces monthly import and export merchandise trade price indexes. For the majority of these prices, Statistics Canada uses a variety of proxy measures to derive the price index in lieu of collecting observed import and export prices. The ability of these proxy measures to reflect international trade price movements during times of exchange rate volatility is limited. For this reason, the constant dollar trade estimates derived using these proxy price indexes have been refined with constant dollar adjustments following the appreciation of the Canadian exchange rate beginning at the end of 2002. This paper explains the rational and methodology behind these adjustments, as well as the impact on published trade and GDP estimates.

    Release date: 2009-12-04

  • Articles and reports: 11F0027M2007048
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Evaluations of an economy's economic performance are often made using a measure of real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, which represents the average remuneration (labour income plus capital services) that an economy generates through domestic production.

    Because real GDP is a constant dollar measure of the remuneration to capital and labour in an economy, it does not account for who owns the capital, how much of it is used up through production or how relative price shifts affect the volume of goods and services that can be purchased.

    Modifications can be made to traditional estimates of GDP to account for these factors. This paper examines the performance of the Canadian economy using alternate measures' gross domestic income, gross national income and net national income. The paper also examines the relative performance of the Canadian and U.S. economies using standard GDP measures and these alternate measures.

    The comparison spans the period from 1980 to 2006, but focuses on the 2002-to-2006 period. During these latter years, changes in commodity prices, manufactured goods prices, the exchange rate, international investment income and capital consumption have all contributed importantly to real income growth in Canada.

    As a result, a very different picture of relative performance of the Canadian and U.S. economies emerges when an aggregate income measure is used that accounts for relative price changes, international income flows and capital consumption than when real GDP is used. From 2002 to 2006, U.S. real GDP per capita grew 9.3% while Canadian GDP per capita rose 7.0%, making it appear that the U.S. economy was outperforming the Canadian economy. However, once changes in resource prices and the exchange rate, international investment income and capital consumption are taken into account, real income per capita in the United States increased by 8.6%, which is similar to its GDP per capita growth. However, the Canadian adjusted measure of real income per capita growth rose 15.6%, more than twice the per capita real GDP growth in Canada and nearly double the U.S. rate.

    In contrast, the difference between the two economies was exactly the opposite in the period from 1980 to 2000 when commodity prices were falling, when the exchange rate was not appreciating and when outward flows of income to foreigners were increasing relative to the income paid to Canadians. During this period, when consideration is given to these factors, real income measures in Canada were falling relative to those in the United States.

    Release date: 2007-11-22

  • Articles and reports: 11-621-M2005021
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article analyses Canadian direct investment abroad in 'Offshore Financial Centers' between 1990 and 2003. It provides an analysis of the distribution of Canadian direct investment assets in these countries and elsewhere in the world by industry. Lastly, it measures and analyses these countries' contribution to the growth of assets held abroad by Canadian companies during the period.

    Release date: 2005-03-14

  • Articles and reports: 87-003-X20050017825
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article presents a trend analysis of the tourism trade balance between Canada and the United States using data from the International Travel Survey. Specifically, the article is an attempt to identify the factors or travel characteristics that had the greatest effect on the tourism trade balance since 1991. Pre-1991 data are not considered. The study focuses exclusively on travel between Canada and the United States because the U.S. contributes more than any other country to Canada's international travel receipts and is the country where Canadian travellers spend the most outside Canada.

    Release date: 2005-01-26

  • Articles and reports: 67F0001M2004022
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Canada's balance of payments with the United States should be, in principle, the mirror image of the U.S. balance of payments with Canada. In practice, however, the two countries' statistics have conceptual, methodological and data differences.

    Each year, the two countries' balance of payments current accounts are reconciled to reflect how the estimates would appear if both countries used common definitions, methodologies and data sources. Such reconciliation is important because of the extensive economic links between the two countries and the need to explain differences in their published official bilateral estimates.

    Release date: 2004-12-22

  • Journals and periodicals: 67F0001M
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    These papers deal with selected aspects of Canadas' international economic transactions and international positions with foreign countries. They provide background information as well as in depth analysis on data reported in any of the four following publications: Canadas balance of international payments (67-001-XPB), Canadas international transactions in securities (67-002-XPB), Canadas international investment position (67-202-XPB) and Canadas international transactions in services (67-203-XPB).

    Release date: 2004-12-22

  • Articles and reports: 11-010-X20040127744
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Recent media reports suggest that the ratio of gross national income (formerly gross national product) to gross domestic product reflects a nation's 'economic maturity'. Nations at a higher stage of economic development generally have a GNI larger than GDP because of their past investments abroad. Less developed countries that depend on large inflows of foreign investment to finance their growth have a smaller GNI than GDP. This article analyzes how relevant these suggestions are for the Canadian economy. Since 1998, our ratio of GNI to GNP has risen 96% to 98%. In dollar terms, Canadians would have received $16.4 billion less income if GNI had grown only as fast as GDP, equivalent to $512 for every Canadian. Based on recent trends, Canada's GNI could outstrip its GDP for the first time on record before the end of the current decade.

    Release date: 2004-12-16

  • Notices and consultations: 13-605-X20040028505
    Description:

    Key financial instruments in the International Investment Position are now measured at market value.

    Release date: 2004-06-16
Data (42)

Data (42) (0 to 10 of 42 results)

Analysis (40)

Analysis (40) (20 to 30 of 40 results)

  • Articles and reports: 67F0001M2004022
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Canada's balance of payments with the United States should be, in principle, the mirror image of the U.S. balance of payments with Canada. In practice, however, the two countries' statistics have conceptual, methodological and data differences.

    Each year, the two countries' balance of payments current accounts are reconciled to reflect how the estimates would appear if both countries used common definitions, methodologies and data sources. Such reconciliation is important because of the extensive economic links between the two countries and the need to explain differences in their published official bilateral estimates.

    Release date: 2004-12-22

  • Journals and periodicals: 67F0001M
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    These papers deal with selected aspects of Canadas' international economic transactions and international positions with foreign countries. They provide background information as well as in depth analysis on data reported in any of the four following publications: Canadas balance of international payments (67-001-XPB), Canadas international transactions in securities (67-002-XPB), Canadas international investment position (67-202-XPB) and Canadas international transactions in services (67-203-XPB).

    Release date: 2004-12-22

  • Articles and reports: 11-010-X20040127744
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Recent media reports suggest that the ratio of gross national income (formerly gross national product) to gross domestic product reflects a nation's 'economic maturity'. Nations at a higher stage of economic development generally have a GNI larger than GDP because of their past investments abroad. Less developed countries that depend on large inflows of foreign investment to finance their growth have a smaller GNI than GDP. This article analyzes how relevant these suggestions are for the Canadian economy. Since 1998, our ratio of GNI to GNP has risen 96% to 98%. In dollar terms, Canadians would have received $16.4 billion less income if GNI had grown only as fast as GDP, equivalent to $512 for every Canadian. Based on recent trends, Canada's GNI could outstrip its GDP for the first time on record before the end of the current decade.

    Release date: 2004-12-16

  • Articles and reports: 11-621-M2004013
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper presents data on cross-border mergers and acquisitions from a Canadian perspective, for 1997 to 2002.

    Release date: 2004-05-25

  • Articles and reports: 11-010-X20040036835
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article focus on the reasons for the recent sharp shift in Canada's terms of trade and the distributional effects on the economy, which have already been considerable. We also look to the recent American experience with a sharply rising dollar as a guide to how different sectors of the economy could gain or lose from these changes. The terms of international trade - defined as the ratio of our export prices to import prices - shifted in favour of importers at the expenses of exporters.

    Release date: 2004-03-25

  • Articles and reports: 67-001-X20030036827
    Description:

    The reconciled estimates are intended to show how the current account estimates would appear if both countries used the same definitions, methodologies, and data sources.

    Release date: 2004-03-02

  • Articles and reports: 11-010-X20030106668
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The paper looks at the level of Canadian direct investment abroad (CDIA) from 1999 to 2001 and examines the impact on it of acquisitions of foreign companies and sales of foreign affiliates.

    Release date: 2003-10-23

  • Articles and reports: 67F0001M2001020
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper offers a Canadian viewpoint of globalization by presenting the concepts and main trends of foreign direct investment issues.

    Release date: 2001-08-27

  • Articles and reports: 67-001-X20000035465
    Description:

    This article presents the results of the reconciliation of the bilateral current account estimates of Canada and the United States for 1998 and 1999.

    Release date: 2001-01-29

  • Journals and periodicals: 67-506-X
    Description:

    This publication describes the statistical system used to produce Canada's balance of international payments and international investment position. Each of the accounts of these two statements is described in terms of concepts, data sources, methods and products. The Canadian practice is related to international standards. The publication concludes with a discusion of future challenges to maintain and enhance this statistical system. An extensive glossary is included. Some historical perspective is provided, notably in the Appendices where a summary of time series is provided along with a chronology of events that affected Canada's external sector over the last half of the XXth century. A description of the foundation of statistics is essential to help users in assessing the quality of data.

    Release date: 2000-07-21
Reference (14)

Reference (14) (0 to 10 of 14 results)

  • Notices and consultations: 13-605-X201900100007
    Description:

    This article describes the upcoming revisions (November 2019) in the Canadian Macroeconomic Accounts resulting from the inclusion of illegal cannabis production, consumption and distribution as well as statistical revisions of the international travel services. The paper highlights the impact of these revisions on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the balance of international payments (BOP).

    Release date: 2019-05-30

  • Notices and consultations: 13-605-X201400414107
    Description:

    Beginning in November 2014, International Trade in goods data will be provided on a Balance of Payments (BOP) basis for additional country detail. In publishing this data, BOP-based exports to and imports from 27 countries, referred to as Canada’s Principal Trading Partners (PTPs), will be highlighted for the first time. BOP-based trade in goods data will be available for countries such as China and Mexico, Brazil and India, South Korea, and our largest European Union trading partners, in response to substantial demand for information on these countries in recent years. Until now, Canada’s geographical trading patterns have been examined almost exclusively through analysis of Customs-based trade data. Moreover, BOP trade in goods data for these countries will be available alongside the now quarterly Trade in Services data as well as annual Foreign Direct Investment data for many of these Principal Trading Partners, facilitating country-level international trade and investment analysis using fully comparable data. The objective of this article is to introduce these new measures. This note will first walk users through the key BOP concepts, most importantly the concept of change in ownership. This will serve to familiarize analysts with the Balance of Payments framework for analyzing country-level data, in contrast to Customs-based trade data. Second, some preliminary analysis will be reviewed to illustrate the concepts, with provisional estimates for BOP-based trade with China serving as the principal example. Lastly, we will outline the expansion of quarterly trade in services to generate new estimates of trade for the PTPs and discuss future work in trade statistics.

    Release date: 2014-11-04

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-605-X201400214100
    Description:

    Canadian international merchandise trade data are released monthly and may be revised in subsequent releases as new information becomes available. These data are released approximately 35 days following the close of the reference period and represent one of the timeliest economic indicators produced by Statistics Canada. Given their timeliness, some of the data are not received in time and need to be estimated or modelled. This is the case for imports and exports of crude petroleum and natural gas. More specifically, at the time of release, energy trade data are based on an incomplete set of information and are revised as Statistics Canada and National Energy Board information becomes available in the subsequent months. Due to the increasing importance of energy imports and exports and the timeliness of the data, the revisions to energy prices and volumes are having an increasingly significant impact on the monthly revision to Canada’s trade balance. This note explains how the estimates in the initial release are made when data sources are not yet available, and how the original data are adjusted in subsequent releases.

    Release date: 2014-10-03

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-605-X201200211722
    Description:

    This article has been prepared to help users understand the changes introduced as a result of the historical revision of the international accounts of the Canadian System of National Accounts (CSNA), due to the implementation of the new international standards published in System of National Accounts 2008 and in Balance of Payments Manual, Sixth Edition.

    Release date: 2012-10-01

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-605-X201100211471
    Description:

    This paper presents the background, methodological change and implementation of the revised real import and export adjustments that account for exchange rate fluctuations.

    Release date: 2011-05-30

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-604-M2009062
    Description:

    Statistics Canada produces monthly import and export merchandise trade price indexes. For the majority of these prices, Statistics Canada uses a variety of proxy measures to derive the price index in lieu of collecting observed import and export prices. The ability of these proxy measures to reflect international trade price movements during times of exchange rate volatility is limited. For this reason, the constant dollar trade estimates derived using these proxy price indexes have been refined with constant dollar adjustments following the appreciation of the Canadian exchange rate beginning at the end of 2002. This paper explains the rational and methodology behind these adjustments, as well as the impact on published trade and GDP estimates.

    Release date: 2009-12-04

  • Notices and consultations: 13-605-X20040028505
    Description:

    Key financial instruments in the International Investment Position are now measured at market value.

    Release date: 2004-06-16

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 1530
    Description: This statistical program is amalgamated in record number 1537. The data reported in the Balance of Payments and Financial Flows surveys are used to produce statistics on Canada's balance of international payments and investment position.

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 1534
    Description: The balance of international payments covers all economic transactions between Canadian residents and non-residents in three accounts: the current account, the capital account and the financial account.

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 1539
    Description: This survey measures the sales of goods and services, employment levels, and the assets and liabilities of Canadian majority-owned foreign affiliates abroad.
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