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- Articles and reports: 91F0015M2008009Geography: CanadaDescription:
In Canada, there has been growing discussion over the aging of the population and other socio-demographic trends which affect the availability of the informal support network of the elderly population. Noting the lower fertility rates of baby boomers, the increased participation of women in the labour force and changing family structure in terms of increased divorce and reconstituted families, assumptions of continued high level assistance from informal support networks - family and friends - are often criticized.
The main objective of this research is to project the future availability of informal support network to meet the need for assistance in performing everyday activities among the disabled elderly population for the period 2001 to 2031. The research examined both sides - supply and demand - of the projected increases in need for assistance for disabled older persons. Future trends are analyzed in terms of demand for support, (that is, changes in the rates of disability among the elderly population), and supply of informal support, (which is largely related to the extent and composition of the family network). Data from two national surveys, the 1996 National Population Health Survey (NPHS) and the 1996 General Social Survey (GSS), are used to identify factors associated with disability and sources of assistance among the elderly population. These results were entered into Statistics Canada's LifePaths microsimulation model to project the use of informal and formal networks in the future. The model also incorporates three disability scenarios to test the sensitivity of the projections when different assumptions are considered. The implications of these trends on the future need for chronic home care services are discussed.
The results show that for the period 2001 to 2031, the average annual growth rate of the number of disabled elderly needing assistance could be about 2.5%. However, the sensitivity analysis shows that an improvement in the health of the population could reduce in a non negligible way this growth rate.
The results also show that, all things being equal, a greater proportion of elderly persons living with a spouse would relieve some of the pressure on the formal network. This positive effect could be dampened in part when joint survivorship is also meaning joint disability.
Release date: 2008-12-18 - 2. Seniors in Rural Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 21-006-X2007008Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this bulletin, we document the rural-urban differences in population age structure in terms of: the share of the total population that is senior; the rate of aging of the population in terms of two measures: the growth in the share of the population that is senior and the growth in the number of seniors; the number of communities that are aging by each of these measures; and selected characteristics of the aging communities as compared to communities that are not aging.
Release date: 2008-12-05 - 3. Eldercare: What we know today ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X200800210689Geography: CanadaDescription:
Using data from the 2007 General Social Survey, this article investigates new national level data on caregiving. It is well established that family and friends provide care to ailing seniors. Focusing on caregivers aged 45 and over, the article examines whether family and friend care differs by the type of health problem the senior has (be it physical or mental), or whether the care was provided to a senior living in a private household or care facility. We also look at who provides care to seniors, which tasks are provided and how often, how caregivers cope, and where they turn in order to seek support. Included is a profile of the seniors 65 years and over with a long-term health problem who were receiving care from these caregivers.
Release date: 2008-10-21 - Articles and reports: 89-630-X200800110652Geography: CanadaDescription:
Having few satisfying or rewarding relationships can be a particular problem among older seniors, many of whom enjoy a reduced circle of friends after retirement that can be further reduced with the death of family and friends, loss of a spouse or partner, a move to a care facility, or activity limitations due to ill health. Although having a large network of friends may be desirable, the difference between having no friends and having at least one friend can be important for reducing isolation. Data from the General Social Survey (GSS) in response to the question asking Canadians how many close friends they have indicates that fewer women in the very oldest segments of the population are reporting that they still have close friends. This issue is of particular concern among senior women because they tend to make up the majority of those in the oldest segments of the population. At the same time, a large proportion of older senior women live alone.
Release date: 2008-07-10 - 5. Retiring together, or not ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200810413208Geography: CanadaDescription:
Throughout much of the last century, older couples faced only one retirement decision -- the husband's. However, the dramatic rise and sustained participation of women in the paid labour force since the 1970s transformed the retirement transitions of married couples; increasingly, couples had to make two decisions and balance the preferences and constraints of partners who both made substantial contributions to household income. This article looks at the extent to which spouses synchronize the timing of their retirements, the factors associated with taking one or another pathway into retirement and changes in patterns of retirement through the 1990s.
Release date: 2008-06-18 - Articles and reports: 11-621-M2008068Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study examines retirements since the turn of the millennium among permanent federal employees who occupy jobs subject to the Public Service Employment Act. This study presents statistics on retirements, retirement eligibility, and pensionable years accumulated by age and sex for fiscal year 2006/2007 and other selected fiscal years in the new millennium.
Release date: 2008-05-09 - 7. Validation of qualitative methodology applied to a multidimensional instrument with an open question ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110443Description:
The Brazilian population has experienced an ageing process, thus characterizing an increase in the number of elderly people. Instruments have been developed in order to measure the quality of life of elderly individuals. Hence, a questionnaire consisting of various validated instruments and an open question was applied to a group of elderly citizens in the city of Botucatu, SP, Brazil. The analysis of the open question, assessed by qualitative methods, generated eleven categories concerning the elderly people's opinions as regards quality of life and a cluster analysis of such answers was carried out, producing three groups of elderly individuals. Therefore, this work aimed at validating the categories obtained by the open question with the closed questions of the instrument by means of associations and application of chi-square tests at a level of significance of 5%. It was observed that qualitative analysis identifies phenomena regardless of category saturation. The quantitative method, on the other hand, shows the power of each category in a set, that is, as a whole.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2008306Geography: CanadaDescription:
Past research has shown that the Canadian pension system is relatively effective in helping seniors to stay out of poverty. However, the extent to which the pension system enables individuals and families to maintain living standards achieved during their working years after retirement (income security) is less well understood. To help fill this knowledge gap, we employ 20-year longitudinal data to track individuals as they move from age 55 through their retirement years. We use various measures of an individual's family income to study four main issues: change in income levels through retirement; the role that various income sources play in this change; variation in replacement rates through time and between poorer and richer individuals; and, finally, the degree of long-term stability in individual incomes. For workers with average incomes, family income falls after age 60, declines until age 68, and then stabilizes at approximately 80% of the income level they had at age 55. In contrast, low income individuals (those in the bottom income quintile) experience little change in income as they move from age 55 through the retirement years, largely because of the income maintenance effects of the public pension system. They experience high levels of individual income instability in their late 50s and early 60s, but income instability falls dramatically after retirement. Individuals in the top quintile experience substantially larger income declines in retirement so that income inequality within a cohort declines as the cohort ages. More recent groups of retirees are experiencing higher income levels than earlier cohorts, largely because of higher private pensions. Replacement rates have changed little among cohorts, however. Whether recent gains in income levels will persist in future cohorts is unknown since pension coverage has been falling among younger workers.
Release date: 2008-03-10 - 9. Chronic pain in Canadian seniors ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X200800110514Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study describes the prevalence of chronic pain among seniors living in private households and in long-term health care institutions. Associations between an increase in chronic pain and unhappiness and negative self-perceived health are examined. Data are from the 1994/1995 through 2002/2003 National Population Health Survey and the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey.
Release date: 2008-02-21
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Analysis (9)
Analysis (9) ((9 results))
- Articles and reports: 91F0015M2008009Geography: CanadaDescription:
In Canada, there has been growing discussion over the aging of the population and other socio-demographic trends which affect the availability of the informal support network of the elderly population. Noting the lower fertility rates of baby boomers, the increased participation of women in the labour force and changing family structure in terms of increased divorce and reconstituted families, assumptions of continued high level assistance from informal support networks - family and friends - are often criticized.
The main objective of this research is to project the future availability of informal support network to meet the need for assistance in performing everyday activities among the disabled elderly population for the period 2001 to 2031. The research examined both sides - supply and demand - of the projected increases in need for assistance for disabled older persons. Future trends are analyzed in terms of demand for support, (that is, changes in the rates of disability among the elderly population), and supply of informal support, (which is largely related to the extent and composition of the family network). Data from two national surveys, the 1996 National Population Health Survey (NPHS) and the 1996 General Social Survey (GSS), are used to identify factors associated with disability and sources of assistance among the elderly population. These results were entered into Statistics Canada's LifePaths microsimulation model to project the use of informal and formal networks in the future. The model also incorporates three disability scenarios to test the sensitivity of the projections when different assumptions are considered. The implications of these trends on the future need for chronic home care services are discussed.
The results show that for the period 2001 to 2031, the average annual growth rate of the number of disabled elderly needing assistance could be about 2.5%. However, the sensitivity analysis shows that an improvement in the health of the population could reduce in a non negligible way this growth rate.
The results also show that, all things being equal, a greater proportion of elderly persons living with a spouse would relieve some of the pressure on the formal network. This positive effect could be dampened in part when joint survivorship is also meaning joint disability.
Release date: 2008-12-18 - 2. Seniors in Rural Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 21-006-X2007008Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this bulletin, we document the rural-urban differences in population age structure in terms of: the share of the total population that is senior; the rate of aging of the population in terms of two measures: the growth in the share of the population that is senior and the growth in the number of seniors; the number of communities that are aging by each of these measures; and selected characteristics of the aging communities as compared to communities that are not aging.
Release date: 2008-12-05 - 3. Eldercare: What we know today ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X200800210689Geography: CanadaDescription:
Using data from the 2007 General Social Survey, this article investigates new national level data on caregiving. It is well established that family and friends provide care to ailing seniors. Focusing on caregivers aged 45 and over, the article examines whether family and friend care differs by the type of health problem the senior has (be it physical or mental), or whether the care was provided to a senior living in a private household or care facility. We also look at who provides care to seniors, which tasks are provided and how often, how caregivers cope, and where they turn in order to seek support. Included is a profile of the seniors 65 years and over with a long-term health problem who were receiving care from these caregivers.
Release date: 2008-10-21 - Articles and reports: 89-630-X200800110652Geography: CanadaDescription:
Having few satisfying or rewarding relationships can be a particular problem among older seniors, many of whom enjoy a reduced circle of friends after retirement that can be further reduced with the death of family and friends, loss of a spouse or partner, a move to a care facility, or activity limitations due to ill health. Although having a large network of friends may be desirable, the difference between having no friends and having at least one friend can be important for reducing isolation. Data from the General Social Survey (GSS) in response to the question asking Canadians how many close friends they have indicates that fewer women in the very oldest segments of the population are reporting that they still have close friends. This issue is of particular concern among senior women because they tend to make up the majority of those in the oldest segments of the population. At the same time, a large proportion of older senior women live alone.
Release date: 2008-07-10 - 5. Retiring together, or not ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200810413208Geography: CanadaDescription:
Throughout much of the last century, older couples faced only one retirement decision -- the husband's. However, the dramatic rise and sustained participation of women in the paid labour force since the 1970s transformed the retirement transitions of married couples; increasingly, couples had to make two decisions and balance the preferences and constraints of partners who both made substantial contributions to household income. This article looks at the extent to which spouses synchronize the timing of their retirements, the factors associated with taking one or another pathway into retirement and changes in patterns of retirement through the 1990s.
Release date: 2008-06-18 - Articles and reports: 11-621-M2008068Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study examines retirements since the turn of the millennium among permanent federal employees who occupy jobs subject to the Public Service Employment Act. This study presents statistics on retirements, retirement eligibility, and pensionable years accumulated by age and sex for fiscal year 2006/2007 and other selected fiscal years in the new millennium.
Release date: 2008-05-09 - 7. Validation of qualitative methodology applied to a multidimensional instrument with an open question ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110443Description:
The Brazilian population has experienced an ageing process, thus characterizing an increase in the number of elderly people. Instruments have been developed in order to measure the quality of life of elderly individuals. Hence, a questionnaire consisting of various validated instruments and an open question was applied to a group of elderly citizens in the city of Botucatu, SP, Brazil. The analysis of the open question, assessed by qualitative methods, generated eleven categories concerning the elderly people's opinions as regards quality of life and a cluster analysis of such answers was carried out, producing three groups of elderly individuals. Therefore, this work aimed at validating the categories obtained by the open question with the closed questions of the instrument by means of associations and application of chi-square tests at a level of significance of 5%. It was observed that qualitative analysis identifies phenomena regardless of category saturation. The quantitative method, on the other hand, shows the power of each category in a set, that is, as a whole.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2008306Geography: CanadaDescription:
Past research has shown that the Canadian pension system is relatively effective in helping seniors to stay out of poverty. However, the extent to which the pension system enables individuals and families to maintain living standards achieved during their working years after retirement (income security) is less well understood. To help fill this knowledge gap, we employ 20-year longitudinal data to track individuals as they move from age 55 through their retirement years. We use various measures of an individual's family income to study four main issues: change in income levels through retirement; the role that various income sources play in this change; variation in replacement rates through time and between poorer and richer individuals; and, finally, the degree of long-term stability in individual incomes. For workers with average incomes, family income falls after age 60, declines until age 68, and then stabilizes at approximately 80% of the income level they had at age 55. In contrast, low income individuals (those in the bottom income quintile) experience little change in income as they move from age 55 through the retirement years, largely because of the income maintenance effects of the public pension system. They experience high levels of individual income instability in their late 50s and early 60s, but income instability falls dramatically after retirement. Individuals in the top quintile experience substantially larger income declines in retirement so that income inequality within a cohort declines as the cohort ages. More recent groups of retirees are experiencing higher income levels than earlier cohorts, largely because of higher private pensions. Replacement rates have changed little among cohorts, however. Whether recent gains in income levels will persist in future cohorts is unknown since pension coverage has been falling among younger workers.
Release date: 2008-03-10 - 9. Chronic pain in Canadian seniors ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X200800110514Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study describes the prevalence of chronic pain among seniors living in private households and in long-term health care institutions. Associations between an increase in chronic pain and unhappiness and negative self-perceived health are examined. Data are from the 1994/1995 through 2002/2003 National Population Health Survey and the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey.
Release date: 2008-02-21
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