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All (140) (130 to 140 of 140 results)

131. Multinationals and the Canadian Innovation Process Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2000151
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper examines whether new views of the multinational that see these firms as decentralizing research and development (R&D) activities abroad to exploit local competencies accord with the activities of multinationals in Canada. The paper describes the innovation regime of multinational firms in Canada by examining the differences between foreign- and domestically owned firms. It focuses on the extent to which R&D is used; the type of R&D activity; the importance of R&D relative to other sources of innovative ideas; whether the use of these other ideas indicates that multinationals are closely tied into local innovation networks; the intensity of innovation; and the use that is made of intellectual property rights to protect innovations from being copied by others.
We find that, far from being passively dependent on R&D from their parents, foreign-owned firms in Canada are more active in R&D than the population of Canadian-owned firms. They are also more often involved in R&D collaboration projects both abroad and in Canada. As expected, foreign subsidiaries enjoy the advantage of accessing technology from their parent and sister companies. While multinationals are more closely tied into a network of related firms for innovative ideas than are domestically owned firms, their local R&D unit is a more important source of information for innovation than are these inter-firm links. Surprisingly, foreign subsidiaries also more frequently report that they are using technology from unrelated firms. Moreover, the multinational is just as likely to develop links into a local university and other local innovation consortia as are domestically owned firms. This evidence indicates that multinationals in Canada are not, on the whole, operating subsidiaries whose scientific development capabilities are truncated - at least not in comparison to domestically owned firms.
A comparison of the extent and impact of innovation activity of domestically and foreign-owned firms shows that foreign-owned firms innovate in all sectors more frequently than Canadian-owned companies in almost all size categories. They are also more likely to introduce world-first rather than more imitative innovations. Their superiority is most pronounced in the consumer goods sector. Finally, foreign-owned firms are more likely to protect their innovations with patent protection.
The paper also compares foreign subsidiaries to Canadian corporations that have an international orientation. These additional comparisons show that the two groups of multinationals are quite similar, both with regards to the likelihood that they conduct some form of R&D and that they introduce innovations. These results indicate that it is as much the degree of globalization that the nationality of ownership that affects the degree of innovativeness.
Overall, the survey results suggest that foreign-owned firms make a significant contribution to technological progress and innovation in Canadian industry.
Release date: 2000-06-27
132. Federal government personnel engaged in scientific and technological (S&T) activities, 1990-1991 to 1999-2000 Archived
Articles and reports: 88-003-X20000025118
Geography: Canada
Description:
The number of personnel in scientific and technological (S&T) activities in the federal government has declined by 15% since 1990-1991.
Release date: 2000-06-01
133. Research and development (R&D) in a service economy Archived
Articles and reports: 88-003-X20000025120
Geography: Canada
Description:
Over two-thirds of Canada's gross domestic product (GDP) and three-quarters of employment result from service activity, and close to 60% of the measured reserach and development is performed in the service sector.
Release date: 2000-06-01
134. Measuring the attractiveness of R&D tax incentives Archived
Articles and reports: 88-003-X20000025124
Geography: Canada
Description:
The federal government is an essential player S&T activities in Canada in which it invests over five billion dollars each year. In addition to this direct investment, an additional $1.3 billion of assistance is provided through the federal R&D tax incentive program. This article examines regional differences in science and technology tax regimes in Canada.
Release date: 2000-06-01
135. Total spending on research and development in Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 88-003-X19990025340
Geography: Canada
Description:
In 1999, the federal government expects to fund 19.4% of the R&D in Canada. Less and less of the government-funded R&D is taking place in government labs. Although overall spending on R&D will increase from $3.5 billion to $4.0 billion, the share of this going to the government research has dropped from 59% to 52%.
Release date: 2000-01-17
136. Estimates of federal government expenditures on scientific activities, 1999-2000 Archived
Articles and reports: 88-003-X19990025343
Geography: Canada
Description:
Gross domestic product expenditures on R&D (GERD) for 1999 increased by 3.5% to $14.9 billion over the previous year. Despite this increase, the proportion of GDP devoted to R&D (1.6%) is still among the lowest of the G-7 countries.
Release date: 2000-01-17
137. Are the Costs and Benefits of Health Research Measurable? Archived
Articles and reports: 88F0017M1996004
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper considers some of the conceptual and practical issues pertinent to measuring the pros and cons of health research.
Release date: 1998-10-30
138. The Importance of Research and Development for Innovation in Small and Large Canadian Manufacturing Firms Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M1997107
Geography: Canada
Description:
The debate over the appropriate function of government policy for research and development (R&D) subsidies brings into focus the different roles that are played by large and small firms in the innovation process. Small firms, it is often claimed, have different tendencies to use R&D facilities than large firms and, therefore, require the development of special programs that are directed at this sector. This paper examines the differences in the innovation profiles of small and large firms, and how R&D intensity and efficacy varies across different size classes. It investigates the contribution that R&D makes to success in the small and medium-sized population and the types of policies that small firms feel are the most appropriate to reduce the impediments to innovation that they face.
The paper finds a number of differences between large and small firms in the tendency to innovate and to use R&D facilities. Small firms can be divided into two groups. The first group consists of firms that resemble large firms in that they perform R&D and generate new products and processes primarily through their own efforts. The second are those who rely upon customers and suppliers for their sources of ideas for innovation. Large firms, by way of contrast, tend to rely more heavily on R&D. While they too rely on networks for ideas, their networks focus more heavily on relationships with other firms that belong to the same firm.
Most of the differences between small and large firms are explained by the fact that firms of different sizes specialize in different parts of the production process. Firms of different sizes serve different niches; they each have their own advantages. Small firms are more flexible but can suffer from cost disadvantages due to scale. They overcome their disadvantages by networking with their customers and by showing the same flexibility in their R&D process that they exhibit elsewhere. They rely less on dedicated R&D facilities and more on the flexible exploitation of R&D as opportunities arise. They also network with customers in order to adopt their suggestions for new innovations.
Release date: 1997-09-17
139. Software research and development (R&D) in Canadian industry, 1995 Archived
Stats in brief: 88-001-X19970068027
Geography: Canada
Description:
In 1995, software research and development expenditures account for 36% of all industrial research and development performed.
Release date: 1997-07-21
140. Innovation: The Key to Success in Small Firms Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M1995076
Geography: Canada
Description:
This study examines the differences in strategies and activities pursued by a sample of more-successful and less-successful group of growing small- and medium-sized enterprises. Amongst other matters, it examines different functional strategies -- the importance of management, human resource practices, marketing, financing, and the innovativeness of the firm. Innovative activities are the most important determinants of success; that is, for a wide range of industries, they serve to discriminate between the more- and the less-successful firms better than any other variable. Almost all of the strategy questions that relate to innovative activity receive higher scores from the more-successful group of firms than from the less-successful group of firms. This is also the case for innovative activities -- whether a firm possesses an R&D unit, its expenditure on R&D relative to total investment, and its R&D-to-sales ratio.
Release date: 1995-02-28

Data (73)

Data (73) (0 to 10 of 73 results)

1. Private non-profit organization in-house research and development expenditures, by expenditure types
Table: 27-10-0323-01
Geography: Canada
Frequency: Annual
Description:
This table contains 13 series, with data for years 2014 - 2017 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada) In-house research and development expenditure types (13 items: Total in-house research and development expenditures; Total current in-house research and development expenditures; Wages and salaries; Other current costs; ...).
Release date: 2024-02-09
2. Private non-profit organization in-house research and development personnel, by occupational category
Table: 27-10-0324-01
Geography: Canada
Frequency: Annual
Description:
This table contains 8 series, with data for years 2014 - 2015 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada) Occupational Category (8 items: Total in-house research and development personnel; Researchers and research managers; Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers; Senior research managers; ...).
Release date: 2024-02-09
3. Private non-profit organization in-house research and development expenditures, by source of funds
Table: 27-10-0326-01
Geography: Canada
Frequency: Annual
Description:
This table contains 17 series, with data for years 2014 - 2015 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada) Source of funds (17 items: Total sources of funds; Canadian private non-profit organizations; Responding Canadian private non-profit organizations; Other Canadian private non-profit organizations; ...).
Release date: 2024-02-09
4. Private non-profit organization in-house research and development expenditures, by field of research and development
Table: 27-10-0327-01
Geography: Canada
Frequency: Annual
Description:
This table contains 13 series, with data for years 2014 - 2015 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada) Field of research and development (13 items: Total in-house research and development expenditures in Canada; Natural sciences and engineering; Medical and health sciences; Basic medicine; ...).
Release date: 2024-02-09
5. Private non-profit organization in-house research and development expenditures, by nature of research and development
Table: 27-10-0328-01
Geography: Canada
Frequency: Annual
Description:
This table contains 5 series, with data for years 2014 - 2015 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada) Nature of research and development (5 items: Total in-house research and development expenditures in Canada; Research; Basic research; Applied research; ...).
Release date: 2024-02-09
6. Private non-profit organization research and development results of expenditures from previous three years
Table: 27-10-0329-01
Geography: Canada
Frequency: Annual
Description:
This table contains 7 series, with data for years 2014 - 2015 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada) Results of research and development activities within and outside Canada for the prior three-year period (7 items: New or significant improvements; Goods; Services; Methods of manufacturing or producing goods or services; ...).
Release date: 2024-02-09
7. Private non-profit organization outsourced research and development expenditures
Table: 27-10-0330-01
Geography: Canada
Frequency: Annual
Description:
This table contains 42 series, with data for years 2014 - 2017 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada) Location of recipients (3 items: Total location of recipients; Within Canada; Outside Canada) Sector of recipients (14 items: Total outsourced (contracted out or granted) payments for research and development performed by other organizations; Business enterprise sector; Companies; Industrial research institutes or associations; ...).
Release date: 2024-02-09
8. Private non-profit organization payments made and received for intellectual property and other technological services by location and affiliation of recipient
Table: 27-10-0331-01
Geography: Canada
Frequency: Annual
Description:
This table contains 180 series, with data for years 2014 - 2015 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada) Payments made or received for intellectual property and other technology related services (20 items: Payments made to other organizations for intellectual property and other technology related services; Payments made for patents; Payments made for copyrights; Payments made for trademarks; ...) Type of organization (3 items: Total payments for intellectual property and other technology related services for affiliated and other organizations or individuals; Parent, affiliated or subsidiary companies made within Canada; Other companies, organizations or individuals) Location of payments (3 items: Total payments for intellectual property and other technology related services within Canada or outside of Canada; Within Canada; Outside Canada).
Release date: 2024-02-09
9. Private non-profit organizations' in-house research and development expenditures, by field of research and development and nature of research and development
Table: 27-10-0332-01
Geography: Canada
Frequency: Annual
Description:
This table contains 48 series, with data for years 2014 - 2015 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada) Nature of research and development (4 items: Total research; Basic research; Applied research; Experimental development) Field of research and development (12 items: Natural sciences and engineering; Natural and formal sciences; Engineering and technology; Software-related sciences and technology; ...).
Release date: 2024-02-09
10. Gross domestic expenditures on research and development, by science type and by funder and performer sector
Table: 27-10-0273-01
Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
Frequency: Annual
Description: Gross domestic expenditures on research and development, by funder, performer, science type and prices for provinces, territories and selected regions from 1963 to today.
Release date: 2023-12-22

Analysis (67)

Analysis (67) (50 to 60 of 67 results)

51. Financing Innovation in New Small Firms: New Evidence from Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2002190
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper investigates the financial characteristics of new small firms. The analysis develops a representative, small-firm financial profile and evaluates the extent to which the proportionate use of different instruments and sources is correlated with industry-level and firm-specific characteristics. Multivariate methods are then used to examine relationships among financial structure, R&D intensity, and innovation.
Our results suggest that relationships between knowledge intensity and capital structure are bidirectional. After a range of industry- and firm-level covariates are controlled for, firms that devote a higher percentage of their investment expenditure to R&D also exhibit fewer debt-intensive structures. Conversely, debt-intensive structures also act to constrain investments in R&D. These relationships, however, depend upon the type of debt in the asset mix. It is the share of long-term debt to total assets that is negatively related to investments in knowledge.
Release date: 2002-05-24
52. Revenues and research and development in Canadian biotechnology firms Archived
Articles and reports: 88-003-X20010025752
Geography: Canada
Description:
With revenues of almost $2 billion, what are the characteristics and activities of firms that use or develop biotechnology as an important part of their firm's activities? Human Health biotechnology dominates both the revenue and spending in the biotechnology sector. Read this enlightening article for further details including dicussion on the geographic location and size of Canadian biotechnology firms.
Release date: 2001-05-02
53. Improvements in the estimation of higher education research and development Archived
Articles and reports: 88-003-X20000035763
Geography: Canada
Description:
The growing trend towards a knowledge-based economy has impacted the way research is funded and performed in Canadian universities. As higher quality estimates of R&D activities by this sector are of increasing importance to policy makers, Statistics Canada has begun substantial revisions to the methods for calculating estimates for higher education R&D. The implementation of this plan will provide substantially improved estimates of both dollar values and personnel counts for this sector.
Release date: 2000-10-06
54. Commercialization of federal government and university research Archived
Articles and reports: 88-003-X20000035766
Geography: Canada
Description:
Although universities and federal government departments have unique mandates, both are striving to promote applied research. Recent surveys finally provide a basis for comparison. In 1999, universities reported over 1,800 active patents with royalties approaching $19 million. Federal governments departments had almost 2,000 patents generating $12 million in royalties.
Release date: 2000-10-06
55. Why do the surveys of innovation and R&D diverge? Archived
Articles and reports: 88-003-X20000035768
Geography: Canada
Description:
Why do innovation surveys produce radically different estimates of the number of R&D performers than R&D surveys? The factors contributing to divergence are presented with detail on selected contributors.
Release date: 2000-10-06
56. Biotechnology research and development (R&D) in Canadian industry: A portrait of large R&D performers in 1997 Archived
Articles and reports: 88-003-X20000035772
Geography: Canada
Description:
Technological change and innovations depend greatly on R&D activities and investments. R&D is concentrated around the "core firms" that are responsible for 87% of expenditures. Biotechnology R&D performers accounted for $904 million of R&D expenditure. Biotechnology R&D is concentrated in large firms with 75% of R&D occuring in firms with 100 or more employees. Almost 77% of funding sources for R&D in biotechnology came from the private sector and 21% from foreign sources.
Release date: 2000-10-06
57. Industrial research and development, 1996 to 2000 Archived
Stats in brief: 88-003-X20000035778
Geography: Canada
Description:
Updates on expenditures and personnel.
Release date: 2000-10-06
58. Multinationals and the Canadian Innovation Process Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2000151
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper examines whether new views of the multinational that see these firms as decentralizing research and development (R&D) activities abroad to exploit local competencies accord with the activities of multinationals in Canada. The paper describes the innovation regime of multinational firms in Canada by examining the differences between foreign- and domestically owned firms. It focuses on the extent to which R&D is used; the type of R&D activity; the importance of R&D relative to other sources of innovative ideas; whether the use of these other ideas indicates that multinationals are closely tied into local innovation networks; the intensity of innovation; and the use that is made of intellectual property rights to protect innovations from being copied by others.
We find that, far from being passively dependent on R&D from their parents, foreign-owned firms in Canada are more active in R&D than the population of Canadian-owned firms. They are also more often involved in R&D collaboration projects both abroad and in Canada. As expected, foreign subsidiaries enjoy the advantage of accessing technology from their parent and sister companies. While multinationals are more closely tied into a network of related firms for innovative ideas than are domestically owned firms, their local R&D unit is a more important source of information for innovation than are these inter-firm links. Surprisingly, foreign subsidiaries also more frequently report that they are using technology from unrelated firms. Moreover, the multinational is just as likely to develop links into a local university and other local innovation consortia as are domestically owned firms. This evidence indicates that multinationals in Canada are not, on the whole, operating subsidiaries whose scientific development capabilities are truncated - at least not in comparison to domestically owned firms.
A comparison of the extent and impact of innovation activity of domestically and foreign-owned firms shows that foreign-owned firms innovate in all sectors more frequently than Canadian-owned companies in almost all size categories. They are also more likely to introduce world-first rather than more imitative innovations. Their superiority is most pronounced in the consumer goods sector. Finally, foreign-owned firms are more likely to protect their innovations with patent protection.
The paper also compares foreign subsidiaries to Canadian corporations that have an international orientation. These additional comparisons show that the two groups of multinationals are quite similar, both with regards to the likelihood that they conduct some form of R&D and that they introduce innovations. These results indicate that it is as much the degree of globalization that the nationality of ownership that affects the degree of innovativeness.
Overall, the survey results suggest that foreign-owned firms make a significant contribution to technological progress and innovation in Canadian industry.
Release date: 2000-06-27
59. Federal government personnel engaged in scientific and technological (S&T) activities, 1990-1991 to 1999-2000 Archived
Articles and reports: 88-003-X20000025118
Geography: Canada
Description:
The number of personnel in scientific and technological (S&T) activities in the federal government has declined by 15% since 1990-1991.
Release date: 2000-06-01
60. Research and development (R&D) in a service economy Archived
Articles and reports: 88-003-X20000025120
Geography: Canada
Description:
Over two-thirds of Canada's gross domestic product (GDP) and three-quarters of employment result from service activity, and close to 60% of the measured reserach and development is performed in the service sector.
Release date: 2000-06-01

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Date modified:: 2024-04-19