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- 1. Family wealth across the generations ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200311013102Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article examines the changes to family wealth during the economic boom of 1984 to 1999. In the absence of longitudinal data, changes in family wealth can be estimated using cohorts of 'similar' families from two points in time.
Release date: 2003-12-08 - 2. Finances in the golden years ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200311113103Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper looks at income and wealth as important indicators of financial well-being for seniors. It also examines their debts and preparedness for unexpected expenses.
Release date: 2003-12-08 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2003197Geography: CanadaDescription:
The economic assimilation of immigrants is a key concern for economists and policy makers. The topic has been widely explored in terms of earnings assimilation of immigrants. Using the 1999 Survey of Financial Security, this study attempts to look at the issue from the wealth perspective.
Among married families, immigrants have higher wealth than their native-born counterparts from the 40th to 90th percentiles of the distribution, with the wealth gap ranging between $20,000 and $78,000. Among single families, immigrants have higher wealth from the 55th to 95th percentiles, with the wealth gap ranging between $14,000 and $145,000. At the bottom of the distribution, however, evidence suggests that immigrants have lower wealth, although the gap is generally below $10,000. Various decomposition results indicate that the age of the major income recipient (and of the spouse for married families) as well as factors affecting permanent income explain a significant portion of the wealth gap in cases where immigrant families have higher wealth than the native-born. At the bottom of the wealth distribution, however, the wealth gap cannot be explained by the age of the major income recipient, permanent income factors, or family size (or lone-parent status), suggesting that low-wealth immigrant families may behave differently than low-wealth Canadian-born families in their wealth accumulation process.
The wealth gap is also studied from a cohort perspective. Not surprisingly, recent immigrants have lower wealth than comparable Canadian-born families, and immigrants who arrived before 1976 have higher wealth. While immigrants who arrived in Canada between 1976 and 1985 are widely believed to initially have had more of an earnings disadvantage than their predecessors with respect to the Canadian-born, this study finds that, over the upper segment of the distribution, the wealth of this cohort is not significantly different from that of comparable Canadian-born families. But over the lower portion of the distribution, the cohort has lower wealth.
Release date: 2003-11-18 - 4. Will They Ever Converge? Earnings of Immigrants and Canadian-born Workers over the Last Two Decades ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2003215Geography: CanadaDescription:
Using census data covering the 1980 to 2000 period, we examine what outcomes would be necessary for cohorts of recent immigrants to achieve earnings parity with Canadian-born workers. Our results show that today's recent immigrants would have to experience a drastic rise of their relative age-earnings profile in the near future for their earnings to converge with their Canadian-born counterparts. The reason is simple: the greater relative earnings growth experienced by cohorts of recent immigrants has only partially offset the drastic deterioration in their relative earnings at entry.
Release date: 2003-10-08 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2003210Geography: CanadaDescription:
The relationship between family income and postsecondary participation is studied in order to determine the extent to which higher education in Canada has increasingly become the domain of students from well-to-do families. An analysis of two separate data sets suggests that individuals from higher income families are much more likely to attend university, but this has been a long-standing tendency and the participation gap between students from the highest and lowest income families has in fact narrowed. The relationship between family income and postsecondary participation did become stronger during the early to mid 1990s, but weakened thereafter. This pattern reflects the fact that policy changes increasing the maximum amount of a student loan as well as increases in other forms of support occurred only after tuition fees had already started increasing.
Release date: 2003-10-03 - 6. Property taxes ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200310713094Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines the burden of property tax by province and household income and how property tax increases the inequality of family income.
Release date: 2003-09-17 - 7. Who pays for domestic help? ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200310813097Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines the factors that influence the decision to hire domestic help.
Release date: 2003-08-26 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11F0019M2003207Geography: CanadaDescription:
The estimation of intergenerational earnings mobility is rife with measurement problems since the research does not observe permanent, lifetime earnings. Nearly all studies make corrections for mean variation in earnings because of the age differences among respondents. Recent works employ average earnings or instrumental variable methods to address the effects of measurement error as a result of transitory earnings shocks and mis-reporting. However, empirical studies of intergenerational mobility have paid no attention to the changes in earnings variance across the life cycle suggested by economic models of human capital investment.
Using information from the Intergenerational Income Data from Canada and the National Longitudinal Survey and Panel Study of Income Dynamics from the United States, this study finds a strong association between age at observation and estimated earnings persistence. Part of this age-dependence is related to a general increase in transitory earnings variance during the collection of data. An independent effect of life cycle investment is also identified. These findings are then applied to the variation among intergenerational earnings persistence studies. Among studies with similar methodologies, one-third of the variance in published estimates of earnings persistence is attributable to cross-study differences in the age of responding fathers. Finally, these results call into question tests for the importance of credit constraints based on measures of earnings at different points in the life cycle.
Release date: 2003-08-05 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2003198Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study uses census data to focus on low-income among immigrants, and asks a number of questions: (1) have low-income rates increased among successive cohorts of entering immigrants, both in absolute terms and relative to the Canadian born (they have), (2) is this increase due to changes in their characteristics (e.g. education, age, source country, language etc.), (3) do low-income rates fall as new immigrants acquire Canadian experience, and are there signs that low-income rates fall faster among the more recent entering cohorts with the higher entry level rates, resulting in some "catch-up", and (4) in the major Canadian cities, to what extent was the deterioration in the city level low-income rates during the 1990s concentrated among immigrants? The analysis covers the period from 1980 to 2000, and focuses on change between 1980 to 1990, and 1990 to 2000, years that are roughly at business cycle peaks.
Basically, low-income rates have been falling over the past two decades among the Canadian born, and rising among immigrants. A discussion of the possible determinants of the trends mentioned above is included in the literature review and the conclusion.
Release date: 2003-06-19 - 10. Canada E-Book ArchivedJournals and periodicals: 11-404-XGeography: CanadaDescription:
The Canada e-Book is an online version of the Canada Year Book with texts, tables, charts and audio clips that present the country's economic and social trends. The Canada e-Book illustrates Canada and Canadians under four broad headings: The Land, The People, The Economy, and The State. You will find a wealth of information on topics including the human imprint on the environment, population and demography, health, education, household and family life, labour force, arts and leisure, industries, finance, government and justice. All Canadians will enjoy this useful reference that helps explain the social, economic and cultural forces that shape our nation.
Release date: 2003-05-26
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Analysis (20)
Analysis (20) (0 to 10 of 20 results)
- 1. Family wealth across the generations ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200311013102Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article examines the changes to family wealth during the economic boom of 1984 to 1999. In the absence of longitudinal data, changes in family wealth can be estimated using cohorts of 'similar' families from two points in time.
Release date: 2003-12-08 - 2. Finances in the golden years ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200311113103Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper looks at income and wealth as important indicators of financial well-being for seniors. It also examines their debts and preparedness for unexpected expenses.
Release date: 2003-12-08 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2003197Geography: CanadaDescription:
The economic assimilation of immigrants is a key concern for economists and policy makers. The topic has been widely explored in terms of earnings assimilation of immigrants. Using the 1999 Survey of Financial Security, this study attempts to look at the issue from the wealth perspective.
Among married families, immigrants have higher wealth than their native-born counterparts from the 40th to 90th percentiles of the distribution, with the wealth gap ranging between $20,000 and $78,000. Among single families, immigrants have higher wealth from the 55th to 95th percentiles, with the wealth gap ranging between $14,000 and $145,000. At the bottom of the distribution, however, evidence suggests that immigrants have lower wealth, although the gap is generally below $10,000. Various decomposition results indicate that the age of the major income recipient (and of the spouse for married families) as well as factors affecting permanent income explain a significant portion of the wealth gap in cases where immigrant families have higher wealth than the native-born. At the bottom of the wealth distribution, however, the wealth gap cannot be explained by the age of the major income recipient, permanent income factors, or family size (or lone-parent status), suggesting that low-wealth immigrant families may behave differently than low-wealth Canadian-born families in their wealth accumulation process.
The wealth gap is also studied from a cohort perspective. Not surprisingly, recent immigrants have lower wealth than comparable Canadian-born families, and immigrants who arrived before 1976 have higher wealth. While immigrants who arrived in Canada between 1976 and 1985 are widely believed to initially have had more of an earnings disadvantage than their predecessors with respect to the Canadian-born, this study finds that, over the upper segment of the distribution, the wealth of this cohort is not significantly different from that of comparable Canadian-born families. But over the lower portion of the distribution, the cohort has lower wealth.
Release date: 2003-11-18 - 4. Will They Ever Converge? Earnings of Immigrants and Canadian-born Workers over the Last Two Decades ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2003215Geography: CanadaDescription:
Using census data covering the 1980 to 2000 period, we examine what outcomes would be necessary for cohorts of recent immigrants to achieve earnings parity with Canadian-born workers. Our results show that today's recent immigrants would have to experience a drastic rise of their relative age-earnings profile in the near future for their earnings to converge with their Canadian-born counterparts. The reason is simple: the greater relative earnings growth experienced by cohorts of recent immigrants has only partially offset the drastic deterioration in their relative earnings at entry.
Release date: 2003-10-08 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2003210Geography: CanadaDescription:
The relationship between family income and postsecondary participation is studied in order to determine the extent to which higher education in Canada has increasingly become the domain of students from well-to-do families. An analysis of two separate data sets suggests that individuals from higher income families are much more likely to attend university, but this has been a long-standing tendency and the participation gap between students from the highest and lowest income families has in fact narrowed. The relationship between family income and postsecondary participation did become stronger during the early to mid 1990s, but weakened thereafter. This pattern reflects the fact that policy changes increasing the maximum amount of a student loan as well as increases in other forms of support occurred only after tuition fees had already started increasing.
Release date: 2003-10-03 - 6. Property taxes ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200310713094Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines the burden of property tax by province and household income and how property tax increases the inequality of family income.
Release date: 2003-09-17 - 7. Who pays for domestic help? ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200310813097Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines the factors that influence the decision to hire domestic help.
Release date: 2003-08-26 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2003198Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study uses census data to focus on low-income among immigrants, and asks a number of questions: (1) have low-income rates increased among successive cohorts of entering immigrants, both in absolute terms and relative to the Canadian born (they have), (2) is this increase due to changes in their characteristics (e.g. education, age, source country, language etc.), (3) do low-income rates fall as new immigrants acquire Canadian experience, and are there signs that low-income rates fall faster among the more recent entering cohorts with the higher entry level rates, resulting in some "catch-up", and (4) in the major Canadian cities, to what extent was the deterioration in the city level low-income rates during the 1990s concentrated among immigrants? The analysis covers the period from 1980 to 2000, and focuses on change between 1980 to 1990, and 1990 to 2000, years that are roughly at business cycle peaks.
Basically, low-income rates have been falling over the past two decades among the Canadian born, and rising among immigrants. A discussion of the possible determinants of the trends mentioned above is included in the literature review and the conclusion.
Release date: 2003-06-19 - 9. Canada E-Book ArchivedJournals and periodicals: 11-404-XGeography: CanadaDescription:
The Canada e-Book is an online version of the Canada Year Book with texts, tables, charts and audio clips that present the country's economic and social trends. The Canada e-Book illustrates Canada and Canadians under four broad headings: The Land, The People, The Economy, and The State. You will find a wealth of information on topics including the human imprint on the environment, population and demography, health, education, household and family life, labour force, arts and leisure, industries, finance, government and justice. All Canadians will enjoy this useful reference that helps explain the social, economic and cultural forces that shape our nation.
Release date: 2003-05-26 - 10. Income of Canadian Families, 2001 Census ArchivedArticles and reports: 96F0030X2001014Geography: CanadaDescription:
This release of the 2001 Census data focuses on the income of Canadian families. The analysis compares median family income in 1980, 1990 and 2000 and examines how the share of family income that comes from government transfers has changed over these two decades. In addition, it provides a detailed description of the distribution of Canadian family income in 2000 and looks at how incomes have changed for families at the high, low, and middle of the income distribution in the past decade. Finally, the report examines low-income among Canada's children and senior population. All of the analyses are done at the national level, but selected variables are examined at the provincial/territorial and census metropolitan area levels.
This series includes a number of comprehensive articles that supplement the day-of-release information launched through The Daily. These catalogued articles provide an analytical perspective on the 2001 Census release topics. The number and length of these articles vary for each census release and are based on the 21 census release topics disseminated over 8 major release dates.
More focused articles were disseminated as major releases in The Dailyin the weeks following the official release of the data. Other more specialized articles were also announced in The Daily. The articles in the 2001 Census Analysis Series are available free of charge via the Internet.
Release date: 2003-05-13
Reference (1)
Reference (1) ((1 result))
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11F0019M2003207Geography: CanadaDescription:
The estimation of intergenerational earnings mobility is rife with measurement problems since the research does not observe permanent, lifetime earnings. Nearly all studies make corrections for mean variation in earnings because of the age differences among respondents. Recent works employ average earnings or instrumental variable methods to address the effects of measurement error as a result of transitory earnings shocks and mis-reporting. However, empirical studies of intergenerational mobility have paid no attention to the changes in earnings variance across the life cycle suggested by economic models of human capital investment.
Using information from the Intergenerational Income Data from Canada and the National Longitudinal Survey and Panel Study of Income Dynamics from the United States, this study finds a strong association between age at observation and estimated earnings persistence. Part of this age-dependence is related to a general increase in transitory earnings variance during the collection of data. An independent effect of life cycle investment is also identified. These findings are then applied to the variation among intergenerational earnings persistence studies. Among studies with similar methodologies, one-third of the variance in published estimates of earnings persistence is attributable to cross-study differences in the age of responding fathers. Finally, these results call into question tests for the importance of credit constraints based on measures of earnings at different points in the life cycle.
Release date: 2003-08-05
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