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To provide users with a complete picture of the activities associated with the Couriers and Local Messengers industry in Canada.

This paper illustrates how the statistical architecture of Canada's System of National Accounts can be utilized to study the size and composition of a specific economic sector. For illustrative purposes, the analysis focuses on the information and communications technology (ICT) sector, and hence, on the set of technology-producing industries and technology outputs most commonly associated with what is often termed the high-technology economy. Using supply and use tables from the input-output accounts, we develop integrated ICT industry and commodity classifications that link domestic technology producers to their principal commodity outputs. We then use these classifications to generate a series of descriptive statistics that examine the size of Canada's high-technology economy along with its underlying composition. In our view, these integrated ICT classifications can be used to develop a richer profile of the high-technology economy than one obtains from examining its industry or commodity dimensions in isolation.

Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (GERD) represents total research and development (R&D) expenditures performed in a country's national territory during a given year. GERD includes R&D performed within a country and funded from abroad but excludes payments sent abroad for R&D performed in other countries.

Results from the Survey of Innovation 2003 raised some interesting questions. First, an unexpected one-third of establishments in R&D services were not innovative. According to the guidelines of the Oslo Manual, innovative establishments are those that introduced a new or significantly improved product or process on to the market or into production, within a specified interval. Second, many of these non-innovative establishments indicated that satisfying existing customers was irrelevant to their firms success. This was very different response from all other types of firms.

This working paper provides a potential explanation of these unexpected results, as well as an overview of available information on establishments in R&D services (NAICS 5417) in the context of professional services generally. The paper assembles descriptive data to show that non-innovative establishments in R&D services differ significantly from other non-innovative establishments and, while not innovative, they are nevertheless highly inventive. It presents some evidence to suggest that they are venture firms (firms relying on infusions of investment capital rather than revenues from sales to sustain their operations) and proposes a specific set of indicators that would facilitate resolution of the nature of firms in this industry group.

No agreed-upon definition exists of what constitutes high income, either in dollar cut-offs or as a percentage of the population. Researchers have used widely varying methods, producing widely varying outcomes. This paper presents various criteria for defining high income and looks at some of the characteristics and behaviours of high-income taxfilers under these definitions. Income taxes paid and effective tax rates are also examined.

In addition to sharing a border, Canada and the United States share many demographic and economic characteristics. Both countries have aging populations and low unemployment rates. Consumer spending has also been similar, although differences exist in certain areas. A comparison of spending patterns in Canada and the U.S. between the early 1980s and 2003.

Challenges associated with the integration of immigrants often extend beyond the first generation. If children of immigrants experience similar impediments to social and economic assimilation as their parents did, then low socioeconomic status may be transmitted between generations. Such scenarios of second-class disadvantage may not apply to Canada. Even if immigrant earnings deficits relative to the native-born are increasing, it does not necessarily mean that children of immigrants will be worse off than the children of Canadian-born parents.

Prime-aged couples experienced a moderate decline in RPP coverage over the last two decades, as the substantial growth in wives labour market participation and the slight increase in their RPP coverage only partially offset a substantial decline in husbands coverage. On average, retirement savings of families rose over the last two decades, but the distribution became more unequal. To a large extent, the uneven growth in retirement savings mirrors the sharp increase in family earnings inequality since the early 1980s.

Worldwide, depression is the leading cause of years lived with disability. It can affect many aspects of life, including work. In fact, the impact of depression on job performance has been estimated to be greater than that of chronic conditions. In 2002, almost 4% of employed Canadians aged 25 to 64 had had an episode of depression in the previous year. These workers had high odds of reducing work activity because of a long-term health condition, having at least one mental health disability day in the past two weeks, and being absent from work in the past week. In addition, depression was associated with reduced work activity and disability days two years later.

In this paper, we provide an international comparison of the growth in Canadian and U.S. manufacturing industries over the 1961-to-2003 period. We find that average annual growth rates of labour productivity growth were almost identical in the Canadian and U.S. manufacturing sectors during this period. But the sources of labour productivity growth differed in the two countries. Intermediate input deepening was a more important source of labour productivity growth in Canada than in the United States, while investment in capital and multifactor productivity (MFP) growth were more important in the United States than in Canada. After 1996, labour productivity growth in Canada was lower than in the United States. The post-1996 slower labour productivity growth in Canada relative to the United States was due to slower growth in MFP and slower growth in capital intensity. The slower MFP growth in Canada accounted for 60% of Canada - United States labour productivity growth difference, and slower growth in capital intensity accounted for 30%. The slower MFP growth in the Canadian manufacturing sector relative to that of the United States after 1996 was due to lower MFP growth in the computer and electronic products industry. The slower growth in capital'labour ratio in the Canadian manufacturing compared with the United States after 1996 is related to the changes in relative prices of capital and labour inputs in the two countries.

Using 2006 Census data, this profile provides a statistical overview of the language, immigration, citizenship, mobility and migration variables for census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations.

In the census product line, groups of variables, such as this one, are referred to as release components of profiles. These are made available with the major releases of variables of the census cycle, starting with age and sex. Together, they will form a complete cumulative profile of all the variables for each level of geography, plus one cumulative profile for the dissolved census subdivisions.

Starting with the age and sex major day of release, and on major days of release thereafter, profile component data will be available for particular topics at the Canada, province and territory, census division and census subdivision levels, at the census metropolitan area, census agglomeration and census tract levels, and at the federal electoral district (based on the 2003 Representation Order) level. Profile component data for all other standard areas, including dissemination areas, urban areas, designated places and forward sortation areas, will be available approximately four weeks after the major days of release.

This table is available free on the Internet, Catalogue no. 94-577-XWE2006004.

Using 2006 Census data, this profile provides a statistical overview of the language, immigration, citizenship, mobility and migration variables for census metropolitan areas, tracted census agglomerations and census tracts.

In the census product line, groups of variables, such as this one, are referred to as release components of profiles. These are made available with the major releases of variables of the census cycle, starting with age and sex. Together, they will form a complete cumulative profile of all the variables for each level of geography, plus one cumulative profile for the dissolved census subdivisions.

Starting with the age and sex major day of release, and on major days of release thereafter, profile component data will be available for particular topics at the Canada, province and territory, census division and census subdivision levels, at the census metropolitan area, census agglomeration and census tract levels, and at the federal electoral district (based on the 2003 Representation Order) level. Profile component data for all other standard areas, including dissemination areas, urban areas, designated places and forward sortation areas, will be available approximately four weeks after the major days of release.

Using 2006 Census data, this profile provides a statistical overview of the language, immigration, citizenship, mobility and migration variables for Canada, provinces, territories and federal electoral districts (2003 Representation Order).

In the census product line, groups of variables, such as this one, are referred to as release components of profiles. These are made available with the major releases of variables of the census cycle, starting with age and sex. Together, they will form a complete cumulative profile of all the variables for each level of geography, plus one cumulative profile for the dissolved census subdivisions.

Starting with the age and sex major day of release, and on major days of release thereafter, profile component data will be available for particular topics at the Canada, province and territory, census division and census subdivision levels, at the census metropolitan area, census agglomeration and census tract levels, and at the federal electoral district (based on the 2003 Representation Order) level. Profile component data for all other standard areas, including dissemination areas, urban areas, designated places and forward sortation areas, will be available approximately four weeks after the major days of release.

This theme deals with Canadians' mother tongue and language spoken at home, as well as with their knowledge of English and French. Data from the 2006 Census show, despite an increasingly multilingual Canadian society, that linguistic duality persists. In addition, the theme covers the evolution of English-French bilingualism in the country.

These data tables present 2006 Census highlights on mother tongue and language used most often at home. They also display distribution by age groups.

Available on the official day of release, they present information highlights via key indicators such as percentage change and percent distribution, for various levels of geography. The tables also allow users to perform simple rank and sort functions.

Language data for Canada, provinces, territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations are shown in this table.

This table is part of the topic 'Language', which presents data on the language composition of Canada, by mother tongue and other variables, as well as on languages spoken at home and knowledge of English, French and non-official languages. This topic also presents data on the language used most often at work, as well as on any other languages used at work on a regular basis, by mother tongue and other sociocultural characteristics.

These data were collected for a 20% sample of the Canadian population. Only the data for mother tongue were collected for the entire population.

This table can be found in Topic bundle: Language: Language only, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-XCB2006004.

It is possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to Catalogue no. 97-569-XCB for more information.

This table is available free on the Internet, Catalogue no. 97-555-XWE2006007.

Language data for Canada, provinces, territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations are shown in this table.

This table is part of the topic 'Language', which presents data on the language composition of Canada, by mother tongue and other variables, as well as on languages spoken at home and knowledge of English, French and non-official languages. This topic also presents data on the language used most often at work, as well as on any other languages used at work on a regular basis, by mother tongue and other sociocultural characteristics.

These data were collected for a 20% sample of the Canadian population. Only the data for mother tongue were collected for the entire population.

This table can be found in Topic bundle: Language: Language only, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-XCB2006004.

It is possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to Catalogue no. 97-569-XCB for more information.

This table is available free on the Internet, Catalogue no. 97-555-XWE2006008.

Language data for Canada, provinces, territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations are shown in this table.

This table is part of the topic 'Language', which presents data on the language composition of Canada, by mother tongue and other variables, as well as on languages spoken at home and knowledge of English, French and non-official languages. This topic also presents data on the language used most often at work, as well as on any other languages used at work on a regular basis, by mother tongue and other sociocultural characteristics.

These data were collected for a 20% sample of the Canadian population. Only the data for mother tongue were collected for the entire population.

This table can be found in Topic bundle: Language: Language only, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-XCB2006004.

It is possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to Catalogue no. 97-569-XCB for more information.

This table is available free on the Internet, Catalogue no. 97-555-XWE2006009.

Language data for Canada, provinces, territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations are shown in this table.

This table is part of the topic 'Language', which presents data on the language composition of Canada, by mother tongue and other variables, as well as on languages spoken at home and knowledge of English, French and non-official languages. This topic also presents data on the language used most often at work, as well as on any other languages used at work on a regular basis, by mother tongue and other sociocultural characteristics.

These data were collected for a 20% sample of the Canadian population. Only the data for mother tongue were collected for the entire population.

This table can be found in Topic bundle: Language: Language only, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-XCB2006004.

It is possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to Catalogue no. 97-569-XCB for more information.

This table is available free on the Internet, Catalogue no. 97-555-XWE2006010.

Language data for Canada, provinces, territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations are shown in this table.

This table is part of the topic 'Language', which presents data on the language composition of Canada, by mother tongue and other variables, as well as on languages spoken at home and knowledge of English, French and non-official languages. This topic also presents data on the language used most often at work, as well as on any other languages used at work on a regular basis, by mother tongue and other sociocultural characteristics.

These data were collected for a 20% sample of the Canadian population. Only the data for mother tongue were collected for the entire population.

This table can be found in Topic bundle: Language: Language only, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-XCB2006004.

It is possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to Catalogue no. 97-569-XCB for more information.

This table is available free on the Internet, Catalogue no. 97-555-XWE2006011.

The deteriorating economic outcomes among immigrants entering during the 1980s and 1990s have prompted much public concern and policy debate. In 1993, immigrant selection procedures were further modified to increase immigrants' educational attainment and the share of immigrants in the "skilled" economic class. By 2000, dramatic increases in the educational attainment of entering immigrants and the share in the skilled class were observed. In the face of these and other changes, this research focuses on three issues: (1) whether entering immigrants economic outcomes improved after 2000 (the last date for which we have such information from the census), (2) low-income dynamics among successive cohorts of entering immigrants, including changes in the entry and exit probabilities, and the extent of "chronic" low income among successive cohorts, and, (3) whether rising educational attainment and increasing share in the "skilled" class resulted in improvements in economic outcomes as measured by poverty entry, exit and chronic low income.

The unemployment rate is a well-known barometer of labour-market health. The rise in the national unemployment rate in the years immediately following the high-tech meltdown has been replaced by sustained annual declines. Of course not all parts of the country have shared equally in the improvement. The article tracks the range of unemployment rates for local labour markets (the 28 census metropolitan areas [CMAs] and the 10 provincial non-CMA areas). It also looks at the relative durations of unemployment.

In this study, I explore the relationship between the presence of a local university in a city and university and college participation among local youth. The evidence is drawn from Census data, along with information on the creation of new university degree-granting institutions in Canada. Students who do not have access to a local university are far less likely to go on to university than students who grew up near a university, likely due to the added cost of moving away to attend, as opposed to differences in other factors (e.g., family income, parental education, academic achievement). When distant students are faced with a local option, however, their probability of attendance substantially increases. Specifically, the creation of a local degree-granting institution is associated with a 28.1% increase in university attendance among local youth, and large increases were registered in each city affected. However, the increase in university participation came at the expense of college participation in most cities. Furthermore, not everyone benefited equally from new universities. In particular, students from lower income families saw the largest increase in university participation, which is consistent with the notion that distance poses a financial barrier. Also, local aboriginal youth only saw a slight increase in university participation when faced with a local university option.

In recent years, differences in working hours between Canada and other countries have been the focus of a substantial body of research. Much less attention has been paid to regional differences in work hours, although differences in average annual work hours between some regions are of an order of magnitude that is similar to that of the Canada-U.S. difference. Using data from the 2004 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this study examines how much of differences in working time between Ontario and five other regions of Canada can be explained by 'observable' differences, including differences in union status, industrial structure, job conditions and demographic characteristics. 'Observables' were relatively efficient in explaining differences in the shares of individuals working a short year and working a full-year, full-time schedule. However, they were not very helpful in explaining differences in long work hours, did not entirely explain the larger share of short-year workers in the Atlantic and in British Columbia, and did not explain the huge popularity of the 'low' full-year, full-time schedule in Quebec. These differences that remain unexplained suggest that 'unobservable' factors (those that are difficult to observe in household surveys) also contribute to regional differences in work hours. These include incentives related to wage inequality, possible tax incentives (or disincentives) built upon progressive taxation policies, differences in job conditions, in preferences and tastes, and in the shape of institutions.

The degree to which workers leave the country was a much-discussed issue in Canada - as elsewhere - in the latter part of the 1990s, although recent empirical evidence shows that it was not such a widespread phenomenon after all, and that rates of leaving have declined substantially in recent years. One aspect of the international mobility dynamic that has not yet been addressed, however, is the effect on individuals' earnings of leaving the country and then returning. The lack of empirical evidence on this issue stems principally from the unavailability of the kind of longitudinal data required for such an analysis. The contribution of this paper is to present evidence on how leaving and returning to Canada affects individuals' earnings based on an analysis carried out with the Longitudinal Administrative Database. The models estimated use movers' (relative) pre-departure profiles as the basis of comparison for their post-return (relative) earnings patterns in order to control for any pre-existing differences in the earnings profiles of movers and non-movers (while also controlling for other factors that affect individuals' earnings at any point in time).

Overall, those who leave the country have higher earnings than non-movers upon their returns, but most of these differences were already present in the pre-departure period. In terms of net earnings growth, individuals who were away for two to five years appear to do best, and enjoy earnings that are 12% higher in the five years following their return relative to their pre-departure levels (controlling for other factors), while those who leave for just one year have smaller gains, and those who spend longer periods abroad have lower (relative) earnings upon their returns as compared to before leaving (perhaps due to other events associated with their mobility patterns). Interestingly, these gains seem to be concentrated among those who had the lowest pre-move earnings levels (less than $60,000), while those higher up on the earnings ladder had smaller and more variable gains.

This article focuses on sources of revenue for the Canadian newspaper industry. Specifically, it looks at how the industry's advertising revenue has been affected by economic conditions since 1975. In addition, it looks at circulation revenue during this thirty year time period.

Using Statistics Canada's Longitudinal Worker File, we document short-term and long-term earnings losses for a large (10%) sample of Canadian workers who lost their job through firm closures or mass layoffs during the late 1980s and the 1990s. Our use of a nationally representative sample allows us to examine how earnings losses vary across age groups, gender, industries and firms of different sizes. Furthermore, we conduct separate analyses for workers displaced only through firm closures and for a broader sample displaced either through firm closures or mass layoffs. Our main finding is that while the long-term earnings losses experienced on average by workers who are displaced through firm closures or mass layoffs are important, those experienced by displaced workers with considerable seniority appear to be even more substantial. Consistent with findings from the United States by Jacobson, Lalonde and Sullivan (1993), high-seniority displaced men experience long-term earnings losses that represent between 18% and 35% of their pre-displacement earnings. For their female counterparts, the corresponding estimates vary between 24% and 35%.

Canada's economic competitiveness depends on scientific and technological development and also on the people responsible for this development, especially those engaged in R&D. In an earlier Science statistics bulletin, we published the gross domestic expenditures on R&D in Canada (GERD). This issue presents a supplementary measure to the GERD, the number of personnel who perform Canada's R&D activities.

Productivity statistics garner much attention because they are key indicators of economic progress. This paper reports on the average growth in provincial labour productivity from 1997 to 2005. It examines how medium-term differences in productivity growth have affected the relative levels of labour productivity in different provinces. The data show that the relative position of most provinces has remained fairly stable over the 1997-to-2005 period when benchmarked against changes in the national average. The notable exception is Newfoundland and Labrador, which experienced much stronger average productivity growth during this period than other provinces. This growth substantially improved its relative labour productivity when evaluated in real terms.

The paper also examines the effect that a second factor - changes in the prices received for products - has had on nominal productivity differences between provinces. The data show that the resource-rich provinces of Alberta and Newfoundland and Labrador have benefited substantially from higher relative prices.

This paper employs the databases that are used to construct Statistics Canada's Productivity Accounts to examine the sources of growth in the Canadian economy and the history of productivity growth in Canada over the period 1961 to 2002. It makes use of a new time series using the North American Industry Classification System. The growth accounting system provides the framework for the analysis. This framework provides estimates of the relative importance of labour inputs, investments in capital, and productivity growth. The data that are required to address this issue also allow changes in the composition of capital and labour inputs to be investigated. In addition, the underlying factors that determine labour productivity (multifactor productivity, capital deepening, and increases in skill level) are outlined. Since the database is constructed at the industry level, all these relationships can be pursued both at the level of the total economy and for individual industries.

This Canadian Tourism Satellite Account Handbook developed by Statistics Canada is intended as a guide to how the Canadian Tourism Satellite Account (CTSA) is compiled. The Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) has become the internationally recognized framework and a vital tool by which to measure tourism activity in an economy. The goal of this handbook is to make the CTSA and its inner workings as transparent as possible by bringing previous internal documentation into the public realm along side previously published documents and new documentation. By sharing the Canadian practical experiences in development of the TSA, it should benefit other countries and other interested practitioners in the process of developing and understanding TSAs.

This handbook covers information on the relevant tourism and national accounting concepts and definitions related to the CTSA. Detailed explanations of the various survey data sources and the methods used to move this data into the TSA framework are discussed.

The Canadian Productivity Accounts (CPA) of Statistics Canada maintain two multifactor productivity (MFP) programs.

The Major Sector Multifactor Productivity Program develops the indexes of MFP for the total business sector and major industry groups in the business sector.

The Industry Multifactor Productivity Program or the Industry KLEMS Productivity Program develops the industry productivity database that includes MFP indexes, output, capital (K), labour (L), energy (E), materials (M) and services (S) inputs for the individual industries of the business sector at various levels of industry aggregation. This paper describes the methodologies and data sources that are used to construct the major sector MFP indexes and the industry productivity database (or the KLEMS database). More specifically, this paper is meant to:provide a background of the major sector MFP program and the industry KLEMS productivity program;present the methodology for measuring MFP;describe the data sources and data available from the MFP programs;present a quality rating of the industry KLEMS productivity data; anddescribe the research agenda related to the MFP program.

Statistics Canada administers a number of environmental surveys that fill important data gaps but also pose numerous challenges to administer. This paper focuses on two on-going environment surveys - one newly initiated and one in the process of a redesign.

This guide has been created especially for users needing a step-by-step review on how to find, read and use data, with quick tips on locating information on the Statistics Canada website. Originally published in paper format in the 1980s, revised as part of the 1994 Statistics Canada Catalogue, and then transformed into an electronic version, this guide is continually being updated to maintain its currency and usefulness.

This handbook discusses the collection and interpretation of statistical data on Canada's trade in culture services.

This guide focuses on the following topic: Family variables.

Provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2006 Census. Each guide contains definitions and explanations on census concepts, data quality and historical comparability. Additional information will be included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

This guide focuses on the following topic: Family variables.

Effective with the 2006 Provincial Economic Accounts release on November 8, 2007, the expenditure-based gross domestic product (GDP) will be converted to a 2002 reference year for its volume and price estimates.

On October 31, 2007, the monthly gross domestic product (GDP) by industry estimates will use the North American Industry Classification System, NAICS 2002, and will convert to reference year 2002 for its volume estimates.

This paper examines the various products associated with the quarterly labour productivity program. It outlines the nature of the volatility in the very short-run estimates and examines properties of the revisions made to the estimates of Canadian labour productivity and its components (gross domestic product and hours worked) since the inception of the program in 2001.

The objective of the present study is to understand and explain how the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Water Quality Index (WQI) behaves, and at the same time determine its limitations to make a better use of it in the future. In order to do so, four data sets were made available to us thanks to participation of the following provinces: Newfoundland, Ontario, British Columbia and Quebec.