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- 1. Neighbourhood Inequality in Canadian Cities ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2000160Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this paper, we use census tract data to analyse changes in neighbourhood income inequality and residential economic segregation in the eight largest Canadian cities during the 1980-95 period. Is the income gap between richer and poorer neighbourhoods rising? Are high and low-income families increasingly clustered in economically homogeneous neighbourhoods? The main results are an elaboration of the spatial implications of the well documented changes that have occurred in family income and earnings inequality since 1980. We find that between neighbourhood family income (post-transfer/pre-tax) inequality rose in all cities driven by a substantial rise in neighbourhood (employment) earnings inequality. Real average earnings fell, sometimes dramatically, in low-income neighbourhoods in virtually all cities while rising moderately in higher income neighbourhoods. Strikingly, social transfers, which were the main factor stabilizing national level income inequality in the face of rising earnings inequality, had only a modest impact on changes in neighbourhood inequality. Changes in the neighbourhood distribution of earnings signal significant change in the social and economic character of many neighbourhoods. Employment was increasingly concentrated in higher income communities and unemployment in lower income neighbourhoods. Finally, we ask whether neighbourhood inequality rose primarily as a result of rising family income inequality in the city as a whole or because families were increasingly sorting themselves into "like" neighbourhoods so that neighbourhoods were becoming more economically homogeneous (economic "segregation"). We find that economic spatial segregation increased in all cities and was the major factor behind rising neighbourhood inequality in four of the eight cities. A general rise in urban family income inequality was the main factor in the remaining four cities.
Release date: 2000-12-13 - 2. 100 years of income and expenditures ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X20000035386Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article looks at Canadians' incomes and expeditures in the 20th century.
Release date: 2000-12-12 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2000005Description:
This guide presents information of interest to users of data from the Survey of Household Spending. Data are collected via personal interview conducted in January, February and March after the reference year using a paper questionnaire. Information is gathered about the spending habits, dwelling characteristics and household equipment of Canadian households during the reference year. The survey covers private households in the ten provinces and three territories. (The three territories are surveyed every second year.)
This guide includes definitions of survey terms and variables and descriptions of survey methodology and data quality. There is also a section describing the various statistics that can be created using expenditure data (e.g., budget share, market share, and aggregates).
Release date: 2000-12-12 - 4. Income in manufacturing regions ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X201010713254Geography: CanadaDescription:
The loss of manufacturing jobs can affect other sectors of the economy, particularly when local employment is heavily concentrated in manufacturing. This article covers income, low-income incidence and Employment Insurance use, in regions with varying concentrations of manufacturing employment. The article focuses on the period from 2000 the most recent peak in manufacturing employment to 2007 the last full year of economic growth.
Release date: 2000-12-11 - Table: 74-401-SDescription:
Retirement issues have risen to the forefront of socio-economic debate in Canada through the nineties and will likely gain importance as we enter the new millennium. Employer pension plans are one of the primary programs in place to provide workers with income after retirement.
Pension plans in Canada: statistical highlights and key tables presents information on the terms, conditions and membership on all employers sponsored pension plans in Canada. This supplement to publication Pension plans in Canada (74-401-XIB) provides analysis and data on registered pension plans. The topics covered include province of employment, labour force/paid workers coverage, type of plan (defined benefit and defined contributions), size of plan, public and private sectors, contributory and non-contributory plans, employee and employer contributions.
Release date: 2000-10-31 - 6. Household spending on health care ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X20000015302Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article examines changes in household spending on health care between 1978 and 1998. It also provides a detailed look at household spending on health care in 1998.
Release date: 2000-10-20 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2000005Description:
This paper describes the collection method and content of the 1999 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) income interview.
Release date: 2000-10-05 - 8. Pension Coverage and Retirement Savings of Young and Prime-aged Workers in Canada: 1986-1997 ArchivedArticles and reports: 75F0002M2000009Description:
This paper provides data from several household surveys to document how pension coverage of young and prime-aged workers has evolved in Canada between the mid-1980s and the mid-1990s.
Release date: 2000-10-05 - 9. Should the Low Income Cut-offs Be Updated? A Summary of Feedback on Statistics Canada's Discussion Paper ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2000011Description:
This report summarizes the comments received in response to a discussion paper on low income cut-offs released in January 2000.
Release date: 2000-09-26 - 10. Taxes internationally ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X20000035372Geography: CanadaDescription:
Some taxes may be higher, some lower than in other developed nations, but overall Canada's effective tax rate is middle-of-the-road. Using OECD data, this study compares several tax-t0-GDP ratios of the G-7 and the 29 OECD countires.
Release date: 2000-09-06
Data (4)
Data (4) ((4 results))
- Table: 74-401-SDescription:
Retirement issues have risen to the forefront of socio-economic debate in Canada through the nineties and will likely gain importance as we enter the new millennium. Employer pension plans are one of the primary programs in place to provide workers with income after retirement.
Pension plans in Canada: statistical highlights and key tables presents information on the terms, conditions and membership on all employers sponsored pension plans in Canada. This supplement to publication Pension plans in Canada (74-401-XIB) provides analysis and data on registered pension plans. The topics covered include province of employment, labour force/paid workers coverage, type of plan (defined benefit and defined contributions), size of plan, public and private sectors, contributory and non-contributory plans, employee and employer contributions.
Release date: 2000-10-31 - 2. Trusteed Pension Funds, Financial Statistics ArchivedTable: 74-201-XDescription:
This publication presents information on the income, expenditure and assets of all trusteed pension funds in Canada in both the public and private sectors. Data are presented at the Canada level. The publication contains an analysis of the funds based on the size of the fund, the number of members and the type of benefit. It is a continuation of a series of reports produced since 1957. As a single pool of investment capital in Canada, these funds are surpassed in size only by the aggregate reserves held by the chartered banks.
Release date: 2000-07-17 - 3. Introduction to Censuses of Canada, 1665 to 1871 ArchivedTable: 98-187-XDescription:
Censuses of Canada, 1665 to 1871, Statistics of Canada, Volume IV was printed in Ottawa, in 1876, from the Censuses of Canada, 1870-71. This volume contains about 343 statistical tables on the social and economic conditions in Canada from the earliest settlements to Confederation and onto 1871. The results from 98 censuses are arranged in chronological order, with some explanatory notes. In most cases, there are sufficient descriptions of the individual series to enable the reader to use them without consulting the numerous basic sources referenced in the publication.
An electronic version of this historical publication is accessible on the Internet site of Statistics Canada. The Introduction is a free downloadable document in text as HTML pages for on-line viewing and Adobe Acrobat (PDF) files for printing. The statistical tables are available through E-STAT* (which allows both on-line viewing and downloading).
Release date: 2000-05-26 - 4. Census Metropolitan Area and Census Agglomeration Influenced Zones (MIZ) with Census Data ArchivedTable: 92F0138M2000001Description:
With this working paper, Statistics Canada is releasing 1991 Census data tabulated by a new geographic classification called "census metropolitan area and census agglomeration influenced zones", or MIZ. This classification applies to census subdivisions (municipalities) that lie outside census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations. This part of Canada covers 96% of the country's total land mass and contains 22% of its population, yet up to now we have been limited in our means of differentiating this vast area. The MIZ classification shows the influence of census metropolitan areas (CMA) and census agglomerations (CA) on surrounding census subdivisions as measured by commuting flows based on 1991 Census place of work data. This version of the MIZ classification also incorporates a preliminary version of a north concept that flags census subdivisions according to their location in the north or south of Canada.
The series of tables presented here show detailed demographic, social and economic characteristics for Canada as a whole, for the six major regions of Canada, and for individual provinces and territories. Within each table, the data are subdivided into five categories: census metropolitan area or census agglomeration, strong MIZ, moderate MIZ, weak MIZ and no MIZ. Within each of these categories, the data are further subdivided into north and south.
Readers are invited to review and use the data tables to assess whether this combined MIZ and north/south classification of non-CMA/CA areas provides sufficient detail to support data analysis and research. The intent of this MIZ classification is to reveal previously hidden data detail and thereby help users address issues related to this vast geographic area.
This is the first of three related Geography working papers (catalogue no. 92F0138MPE). The second working paper (no. 2000-2, 92F0138MPE00002) provides background information about the methodology used to delineate the MIZ classification. The third working paper (no. 2000-3, 92F0138MPE00003) describes the methodology used to define a continuous line across Canada that separates the north from the south to further differentiate the MIZ classification.
Release date: 2000-02-03
Analysis (20)
Analysis (20) (0 to 10 of 20 results)
- 1. Neighbourhood Inequality in Canadian Cities ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2000160Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this paper, we use census tract data to analyse changes in neighbourhood income inequality and residential economic segregation in the eight largest Canadian cities during the 1980-95 period. Is the income gap between richer and poorer neighbourhoods rising? Are high and low-income families increasingly clustered in economically homogeneous neighbourhoods? The main results are an elaboration of the spatial implications of the well documented changes that have occurred in family income and earnings inequality since 1980. We find that between neighbourhood family income (post-transfer/pre-tax) inequality rose in all cities driven by a substantial rise in neighbourhood (employment) earnings inequality. Real average earnings fell, sometimes dramatically, in low-income neighbourhoods in virtually all cities while rising moderately in higher income neighbourhoods. Strikingly, social transfers, which were the main factor stabilizing national level income inequality in the face of rising earnings inequality, had only a modest impact on changes in neighbourhood inequality. Changes in the neighbourhood distribution of earnings signal significant change in the social and economic character of many neighbourhoods. Employment was increasingly concentrated in higher income communities and unemployment in lower income neighbourhoods. Finally, we ask whether neighbourhood inequality rose primarily as a result of rising family income inequality in the city as a whole or because families were increasingly sorting themselves into "like" neighbourhoods so that neighbourhoods were becoming more economically homogeneous (economic "segregation"). We find that economic spatial segregation increased in all cities and was the major factor behind rising neighbourhood inequality in four of the eight cities. A general rise in urban family income inequality was the main factor in the remaining four cities.
Release date: 2000-12-13 - 2. 100 years of income and expenditures ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X20000035386Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article looks at Canadians' incomes and expeditures in the 20th century.
Release date: 2000-12-12 - 3. Income in manufacturing regions ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X201010713254Geography: CanadaDescription:
The loss of manufacturing jobs can affect other sectors of the economy, particularly when local employment is heavily concentrated in manufacturing. This article covers income, low-income incidence and Employment Insurance use, in regions with varying concentrations of manufacturing employment. The article focuses on the period from 2000 the most recent peak in manufacturing employment to 2007 the last full year of economic growth.
Release date: 2000-12-11 - 4. Household spending on health care ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X20000015302Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article examines changes in household spending on health care between 1978 and 1998. It also provides a detailed look at household spending on health care in 1998.
Release date: 2000-10-20 - 5. Pension Coverage and Retirement Savings of Young and Prime-aged Workers in Canada: 1986-1997 ArchivedArticles and reports: 75F0002M2000009Description:
This paper provides data from several household surveys to document how pension coverage of young and prime-aged workers has evolved in Canada between the mid-1980s and the mid-1990s.
Release date: 2000-10-05 - 6. Taxes internationally ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X20000035372Geography: CanadaDescription:
Some taxes may be higher, some lower than in other developed nations, but overall Canada's effective tax rate is middle-of-the-road. Using OECD data, this study compares several tax-t0-GDP ratios of the G-7 and the 29 OECD countires.
Release date: 2000-09-06 - 7. Payroll taxes - Recent trends ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X20000035373Geography: CanadaDescription:
Payroll taxes vary widely in level and growth across the provinces. Of the nine taxes, only three are nationwide. This article looks at trends across the country. It also briefly compares total Canadian payroll taxes with those of other G-7 and OECD nations.
Release date: 2000-09-06 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2000140Geography: CanadaDescription:
The correlation of occupational gender composition and wages is the basis of pay equity/comparable worth legislation. A number of previous studies have examined this correlation in US data, identifying some of the determinants of low wages in "female jobs", as well as important limitations of public policy in this area. There is little evidence, however, from other jurisdictions. This omission is particularly disturbing in the case of Canada, which now has some of the most extensive pay equity legislation in the world. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive picture, circa the late 1980's, of the occupational gender segregation in Canada and its consequences for wages. We also draw explicit comparisons of our findings to evidence for the United States. We find that the link between female wages and gender composition is much stronger in the United States than in Canada, where it is generally small and not statistically significant. The relatively more advantageous position of women in female jobs in Canada is found to be linked to higher unionization rates and the industry-wage effects of "public goods" sectors.
Release date: 2000-09-05 - Articles and reports: 62F0026M2000004Description:
The Survey of Household Spending (SHS), which replaced the periodic Family Expenditure Survey (FAMEX) in 1997, is an annual survey that collects detailed expenditure information from households for a given calendar year. Due to the heavy response burden placed on respondents of this survey, it was decided for the 1997 survey to perform a test of incentive effect on response rates. Two incentives were used: a one-year subscription to the Statistics Canada publication Canadian Social Trends and a telephone calling card. The response rate data was analysed using Fisher's exact test and some non-parametric methods. After controlling for a discovered interviewer assignment effect, it was found that there was some evidence of a telephone card effect in the western and eastern most regions of Canada, while there was no evidence of any effect for the magazine. These findings were somewhat corroborated by a separate study testing effects of incentives on respondent relations. All these results will be discussed in this paper.
Release date: 2000-08-31 - 10. Payroll taxes - Structure and statutory parameters ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X20000025070Geography: CanadaDescription:
Payroll taxes have grown substantially since the early 1980s, and have become an increasingly important source of government revenues. This article, part one of a two-part analysis, details the various payroll taxes collected by the federal and provincial governments. A subsequent article will report on national and provincial trends in the level, growth and role of each component and compare Canadian payroll taxes to those of the other G-7 countries.
Release date: 2000-06-07
Reference (11)
Reference (11) (0 to 10 of 11 results)
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2000005Description:
This guide presents information of interest to users of data from the Survey of Household Spending. Data are collected via personal interview conducted in January, February and March after the reference year using a paper questionnaire. Information is gathered about the spending habits, dwelling characteristics and household equipment of Canadian households during the reference year. The survey covers private households in the ten provinces and three territories. (The three territories are surveyed every second year.)
This guide includes definitions of survey terms and variables and descriptions of survey methodology and data quality. There is also a section describing the various statistics that can be created using expenditure data (e.g., budget share, market share, and aggregates).
Release date: 2000-12-12 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2000005Description:
This paper describes the collection method and content of the 1999 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) income interview.
Release date: 2000-10-05 - 3. Should the Low Income Cut-offs Be Updated? A Summary of Feedback on Statistics Canada's Discussion Paper ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2000011Description:
This report summarizes the comments received in response to a discussion paper on low income cut-offs released in January 2000.
Release date: 2000-09-26 - 4. User Guide to 1996 Census Income Data ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2000010Description:
This report explains the concept of income and provides definitions of the various sources of income and derived income variables. It also documents the various aspects of the census that can have an impact on census income estimates.
Release date: 2000-07-26 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2000001Description:
This guide presents information of interest to users of data from the Survey of Household Spending. Data are collected via personal interviews conducted in January, February and March after the reference year using a paper questionnaire. Information is gathered about the spending habits, dwelling characteristics and household equipment of Canadian households during the reference year. The survey covers private households in the ten provinces and three territories. (The three territories are surveyed every second year.)
This guide includes definitions of survey terms and variables and descriptions of survey methodology and data quality. There is also a section describing the various statistics that can be created using expenditure data (e.g., budget share, market share, and aggregates).
Release date: 2000-07-19 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2000002Description:
Starting with the 1997 survey year, the Family Expenditure Survey was replaced by the Survey of Household Spending (SHS). This note provides information to users and prospective users of data from the SHS about the differences between the SHS and the former Family Expenditure Survey. Topics covered include sample size, number of questions, coverage, and concepts.
Release date: 2000-07-19 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2000003Description:
Starting with the 1997 survey year, the Household Facilities and Equipment Survey was replaced by the Survey of Household Spending (SHS). This note provides information to users and prospective users of data from the SHS about the differences between the SHS and the former Household Facilities and Equipment Survey. Topics covered include sample size, weighting, collection method, reference period, and concepts.
Release date: 2000-07-19 - Notices and consultations: 13-605-X20000018519Description:
With the release of the first quarter 2000 of the National Income and Expenditure Accounts the sectoring of federal and provincial government, non-autonomous pension plans has changed. These pension plans are now part of the personal sector. Previously these plans were included in either the federal or provincial government sector accounts.
Release date: 2000-05-31 - 9. Retirement Income Programs: An Inventory of Data/Information Available at Statistics Canada ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13F0026M2000001Description:
The intent of this document is to provide an inventory of the surveys, databases, publications, articles and work in progress in Statistics Canada that relate to Canada's retirement income programs. The inventory provides information on publications, output and relevant data elements produced by the surveys and databases. It does not provide an exhaustive description of these data sources, but instead focuses on the information that can be used for purposes of researching/analysing retirement income programs. Some of the information contained does not specifically relate to these programs but might be used as a secondary source when doing research in this area.
Release date: 2000-03-06 - 10. Income Trends in Canada (1980-1997): User's Guide ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2000001Description:
This user's guide provides a detailed description of the CD-ROM Income trends in Canada (13F0022XCB). It also provides a glossary, a description of the major concepts as well as an overview of the data source, the Survey of Consumer Finances.
Release date: 2000-02-02
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