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Description: The need for alternative data sources is of growing importance for both supplementing Statistics Canada's data holdings and for nowcasting economic activity. In response to this need, Statistics Canada initiated the development of a Real-time Local Business Conditions Index (RT-LBCI). The index brings together data from a few different sources, including Google's Places API (containing data on temporary and permanent businesses closures), TomTom Real-time traffic API (road traffic data), as well as information from Statistics Canada data holdings (monthly retail and wholesale, Business Register, etc.). The project aims to compute a near real-time index of economic activity in Canadian major cities.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Statistics Canada produces a variety of interactive visualization tools that present data in a graphical form. These tools provide a useful way of interpreting trends behind our data on various social and economic topics.

Description: This table contains 110 series, with data starting from 1946 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Assets and liabilities (110 items: Total assets; Total; Canadian dollar assets; Total of foregoing assets; Total; foreign currency assets ...).

Description: This table contains 75 series, with data starting from 1926 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Currency outside banks and chartered bank deposits (75 items: Total; currency and deposits; Currency outside banks; coin; Currency outside banks; notes; Currency outside banks ...).

Description: This table contains 66 series, with data starting from 1953 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Assets, liabilities and monetary aggregates (66 items: Chartered bank deposits; personal (excluding personal; chequable; demand); Currency outside banks and Canadian dollar chartered bank deposits; total; Currency outside banks and chartered bank deposits; held by general public; Chartered bank deposits; demand (excluding private sector float) ...).

Description: This table contains 7 series, with data starting from 1972 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Commodity (7 items: Total; all commodities; Metals and Minerals; Energy; Total excluding energy ...).

Description: This table contains 12 series, with data starting from 1954 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: United States); Rates (12 items: Federal Reserve Bank of New York - discount rate; Prime rate charged by banks; Federal funds rate;Commercial paper, adjusted: 1 month; ...).

Description: This table contains 39 series, with data for starting from 1991 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada); Financial market statistics (39 items: Government of Canada Treasury Bills, 1-month (composite rates); Government of Canada Treasury Bills, 2-month (composite rates); Government of Canada Treasury Bills, 3-month (composite rates);Government of Canada Treasury Bills, 6-month (composite rates); ...).

Description: This table contains 7 series, with data starting from 1972 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada), Commodity (7 items: Total, all commodities; Total excluding energy; Energy; Metals and Minerals; ...).

Description: The need for alternative data sources is of growing importance for both supplementing Statistics Canada's data holdings and for nowcasting economic activity. In response to this need, Statistics Canada initiated the development of a Real-time Local Business Conditions Index (RT-LBCI). The index brings together data from a few different sources, including Google's Places API (containing data on temporary and permanent businesses closures), TomTom Real-time traffic API (road traffic data), as well as information from Statistics Canada data holdings (monthly retail and wholesale, Business Register, etc.). The project aims to compute a near real-time index of economic activity in Canadian major cities.

Description: Statistics Canada produces a variety of interactive visualization tools that present data in a graphical form. These tools provide a useful way of interpreting trends behind our data on various social and economic topics.

Description: This table contains 110 series, with data starting from 1946 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Assets and liabilities (110 items: Total assets; Total; Canadian dollar assets; Total of foregoing assets; Total; foreign currency assets ...).

Description: This table contains 75 series, with data starting from 1926 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Currency outside banks and chartered bank deposits (75 items: Total; currency and deposits; Currency outside banks; coin; Currency outside banks; notes; Currency outside banks ...).

Description: This table contains 66 series, with data starting from 1953 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Assets, liabilities and monetary aggregates (66 items: Chartered bank deposits; personal (excluding personal; chequable; demand); Currency outside banks and Canadian dollar chartered bank deposits; total; Currency outside banks and chartered bank deposits; held by general public; Chartered bank deposits; demand (excluding private sector float) ...).

Description: This table contains 7 series, with data starting from 1972 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Commodity (7 items: Total; all commodities; Metals and Minerals; Energy; Total excluding energy ...).

Description: This table contains 12 series, with data starting from 1954 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: United States); Rates (12 items: Federal Reserve Bank of New York - discount rate; Prime rate charged by banks; Federal funds rate;Commercial paper, adjusted: 1 month; ...).

Description: This table contains 39 series, with data for starting from 1991 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada); Financial market statistics (39 items: Government of Canada Treasury Bills, 1-month (composite rates); Government of Canada Treasury Bills, 2-month (composite rates); Government of Canada Treasury Bills, 3-month (composite rates);Government of Canada Treasury Bills, 6-month (composite rates); ...).

Description: This table contains 7 series, with data starting from 1972 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada), Commodity (7 items: Total, all commodities; Total excluding energy; Energy; Metals and Minerals; ...).

Description: This table contains 38 series, with data starting from 1957 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada), Rates (38 items: Bank rate; Chartered bank administered interest rates - prime business; Chartered bank - consumer loan rate; Forward premium or discount (-), United States dollars in Canada: 1 month; ...).

Description:

International comparability of Official Statistics is important for domestic uses within any country. But international comparability matters also for the international uses of statistics; in particular the development and monitoring of global policies and assessing economic and social development throughout the world. Additionally statistics are used by international agencies and bilateral technical assistance programmes to monitor the impact of technical assistance.The first part of this paper describes how statistical indicators are used by the United Nations and other agencies. The framework of statistical indicators for these purposes is described ans some issues concerning the choice and quality of these indicators are identified.In the past there has been considerable methodological research in support of Official Statistics particularly by the strongest National Statistical Offices and some academics. This has established the basic methodologies for Official Statistics and has led to considerable developments and quality improvements over time. Much has been achieved. However the focus has, to an extent, been on national uses of Official Statistics. These developments have, of course, benefited the international uses, and some specific developments have also occurred. There is however a need to foster more methodological development on the international requirements. In the second part of this paper a number of examples illustrate this need.

Description:

In small area estimation, one uses data from similar domains to estimate the mean in a particular small area. This borrowing of strength is justified by assuming a model that relates the small area means. Here, we suggest a non-informative or objective Bayesian approach to small area estimation. Using this approach, one can estimate population parameters other than means and find sensible estimates of their precision. AMS 1991 subject classifications Primary 62D05; secondary 62C10.

Description:

The Canadian Labour Force Survey (LFS) produces monthly direct estimates of the unemployment rate at national and provincial levels. The LFS also releases unemployment estimates for subprovincial areas such as census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs). However, for some subprovincial areas, the direct estimates are not very reliable since the sample size in some areas is quite small. In this paper, a cross-sectional and time-series model is used to borrow strength across areas and time periods to produce model-based unemployment rate estimates for CMAs and CAs. This model is a generalization of a widely used cross-sectional model in small area estimation and includes a random walk or AR(1) model for the random time component. Monthly Employment Insurance (EI) beneficiary data at the CMA or CA level are used as auxiliary covariates in the model. A hierarchical Bayes (HB) approach is employed and the Gibbs sampler is used to generate samples from the joint posterior distribution. Rao-Blackwellized estimators are obtained for the posterior means and posterior variances of the CMA/CA-level unemployment rates. The HB method smoothes the survey estimates and leads to a substantial reduction in standard errors. Base on posterior distributions, bayesian model fitting is also investigated in this paper.

Description:

In this paper, we examine the effects of model choice on different types of estimators for totals of domains (including small domains or small areas) for a sampled finite population. The paper asks how different estimator types compare for a common underlying model statement. We argue that estimator type - synthetic, generalized regression (GREG), composite, empirical best linear unbiased predicition (EBLUP), hierarchical Bayes, and so on - is one important aspect of domain estimation, and that the choice of the model, including its parameters and effects, is a second aspect, conceptually different from the first. Earlier work has not always made this distinction clear. For a given estimator type, one can derive different estimators, depending on the choice of model. In recent literature, a number of estimator types have been proposed, but there is relatively little impartial comparisons made among them. In this paper, we discuss three types: synthetic, GREG, and, to a limited extent, composite. We show that model improvement - the transition from a weaker to a stronger model - has very different effects on the different estimator types. We also show that the difference in accuracy between the different estimator types depends on the choice of model. For a well-specified model, the difference in accuracy between synthetic and GREG is negligible, but it can be substantial if the model is mis-specified. The synthetic type then tends to be highly inaccurate. We rely partly on theoretical results (for simple random sampling only) and partly on empirical results. The empirical results are based on simulations with repeated samples drawn from two finite populations, one artificially constructed, the other constructed from the real data of the Finnish Labour Force Survey.

Description:

The Korean Economically Active Population Survey (EAPS) has been conducted in order to produce unemployment statistics for large areas such as metropolitan cities and provincial levels. Large areas have been designated as planned domains in the EAPS and local self-government areas (LSGAs) as unplanned domains. In this study, we suggest small area estimation methods to adjust for the unemployment statistics of LSGAs within large areas estimated directly from current EAPS data. We suggest synthetic and composite estimators under the Korean EAPS system, and for the model-based estimator we put forward the hierarchical Bayes (HB) estimator from the general multi-level model. The HB estimator we use here was introduced by You and Rao (2000). The mean square errors of the synthetic and composite estimates are derived from the EAPS data by the Jackknife method, and are used as a measure of accuracy for the small area estimates. Gibbs sampling is used to obtain the HB estimates and their posterior variances, which we use to measure precision for small area estimates. The total unemployment figures of the 10 LSGAs within the ChoongBuk Province produced by the December 2000 EAPS data have been estimated using the small area estimation methods suggested in this study. The reliability of small area estimates is evaluated by the relative standard errors or the relative root mean square errors of these estimates. Here, under the current Korean EAPS system, we suggest that the composite estimates are more reliable than other small area estimates.

Description:

This work deals with the unconditional and conditional properties of some well-known small area estimators: expansion, post-stratified ratio, synthetic, composite, sample size dependent and the empirical best linear unbiased predictor (EBLUP). A two-stage sampling design is considered as it is commonly used in household surveys conducted by the National Statistics Institute of Italy. An evaluation is carried out through a simulation based on 1991 Italian census data. The small areas considered are the local labour market areas, which are unplanned domains that cut across the boundaries of the design strata.

Description:

To automate the data editing process the so-called error localization problem, i.e., the problem of identifying the erroneous fields in an erroneous record, has to be solved. A paradigm for identifying errors automatically has been proposed by Fellegi and Holt in 1976. Over the years their paradigm has been generalized to: the data of a record should be made to satisfy all edits by changing the values of the variables with the smallest possible sum of reliability weights. A reliability weight of a variable is a non-negative number that expresses how reliable one considers the value of this variable to be. Given this paradigm the resulting mathematical problem has to be solved. In the present paper we examine how vertex generation methods can be used to solve this mathematical problem in mixed data, i.e., a combination of categorical (discrete) and numerical (continuous) data. The main aim of this paper is not to present new results, but rather to combine the ideas of several other papers in order to give a "complete", self-contained description of the use of vertex generation methods to solve the error localization problem in mixed data. In our exposition we will focus on describing how methods for numerical data can be adapted to mixed data.

Description:

In the presence of item nonreponse, unweighted imputation methods are often used in practice but they generally lead to biased estimators under uniform response within imputation classes. Following Skinner and Rao (2002), we propose a bias-adjusted estimator of a population mean under unweighted ratio imputation and random hot-deck imputation and derive linearization variance estimators. A small simulation study is conducted to study the performance of the methods in terms of bias and mean square error. Relative bias and relative stability of the variance estimators are also studied.

Description:

Optimal and approximately optimal fixed-cost Bayesian sampling designs are considered for simultaneous estimation in independent homogeneous Poisson processes. General allocation formulae are developed for a basic Poisson-Gamma model and these are compared with more traditional allocation methods. Techniques for finding representative gamma priors under more general hierarchical models are also discussed. The techniques show that, in many practical situations, these gamma priors provide reasonable approximations to the hierarchical prior and Bayes risk. The methods developed are general enough to apply to a wide variety of models and are not limited to Poisson processes.

Description:

In the present investigation, we introduce new calibration equations to estimate the population mean in stratified simple random sampling, making use of second order moments of the auxiliary character. We also suggest ways for estimating the variance of the proposed estimator. The resultant new estimator can be more efficient in stratified sampling than the combined regression estimator. Thus, we have extended the idea to double sampling in a stratified population and have studied the simulation results.

Description: Data from the Census of Population are important for all communities and are vital to plan services that support education, employment, transportation, health care and housing. To maintain the relevance of the census, Statistics Canada evaluates and reviews the census questionnaire content for each census cycle. In preparation for the 2026 Census, Statistics Canada consulted Canadians from fall 2022 to spring 2023. Detailed responses were received from organizations and individuals representing federal, provincial, territorial and local government departments; First Nations people, Métis and Inuit; the general public; academia; special interest groups; and the private sector.

This report focuses on the findings of the 2026 Census data needs consultation and stakeholder discussions. Chapter 1 explains whom we consulted. Chapter 2 describes the strength of census data users’ needs such as the size of the population of interest. Chapter 3 provides an assessment of the perceived data gaps in census content and the availability and suitability of alternative data sources. Chapter 4 focuses on information needs by census topic and how preparations for the 2024 Census Test will help meet these needs.

Description: These reference guides are intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The guide provides an overview of the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) and the Registered Apprenticeship Information System (RAIS), the general methodology used to create longitudinal indicators, and important technical information for users.

Description: User consultation is the first step in determining Census Program content. The findings of content consultations are presented in these reports.

Description: The Guide to the Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours contains a dictionary of concepts and definitions and covers topics such as survey methodology, data collection and processing, and data quality. It also provides information on products and services, as well as the survey questionnaire.

Description: This handbook complements the tables of the Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP). It is a guide that provides general descriptions for each indicator and indicator component. PCEIP has five broad indicator sets: a portrait of the school-age population; financing education systems; elementary and secondary education; postsecondary education; and transitions and outcomes.

The Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP) is a joint venture of Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada.

Description: Health regions are defined by the provinces and represent administrative areas or regions of interest to health authorities. This product contains correspondence files (linking health regions to latest Census geographic codes) and digital boundary files. User documentation provides an overview of health regions, sources, methods, limitations and product description (file format and layout).

In addition to the geographic files, this product also includes Census data (basic profile) for health regions.

Description: This report presents the results of a study on the estimated number of children eligible for instruction in the minority official language, pursuant to section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, who were classified as ineligible in the 2021 Census because relationships between family members living at different addresses could not be established within this data source. Using other data sources, including previous censuses and administrative data (such as vital statistics and tax data), we were able to establish these family relationships within the 2021 Census. This report presents the methods and data sources used first, then the results by selected regions and age groups.

Description: This document presents a complete list of the social inclusion indicators for ethnocultural groups in Canada that are available on the homepage of our Gender, Diversity and Inclusion Statistics Hub. The information provided for each indicator includes a short description of the corresponding derivation, available data sources, reference years and accessible levels of geographical and disaggregation. Each indicator has a corresponding products number (data tables, visualization tools and analytical documents). This document has been updated to reflect the social inclusion indicators and associated products that are available in 2024.

Description:

This report deals with Indigenous identity, Indigenous ancestry, Indigenous group, Registered or Treaty Indian status, Membership in a First Nation or Indian band, Membership in a Métis organization or Settlement, and Enrollment under an Inuit land claims agreement, and contains explanations of concepts, data quality, historical comparability and comparability with other sources, as well as information on data collection, processing and dissemination.

Description: The data for the products associated with this technical reference guide are derived from an early version of the T1 file that Statistics Canada receives from Canada Revenue Agency (CRA). Data on special topics linked to income and income tax deductions can be derived from the T1 income tax returns. Topics of interest for this preliminary release of the T1 data can vary from year to year.