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All (26)
All (26) (0 to 10 of 26 results)
- Articles and reports: 14-28-0001202000100012Description:
In the publication Quality of Employment in Canada, the Employment rate of mothers and fathers indicator is the percentage of mothers and fathers who are in employment.
Release date: 2022-05-30 - 2. Changes in parents' participation in domestic tasks and care for children from 1986 to 2015 ArchivedArticles and reports: 89-652-X2017001Description:
This article compares Canadians fathers' and mothers' participation in domestic tasks and care to children for the past 30 years. The results are based on data from the 2015 and 1986 General Social Survey on Time Use.
Release date: 2017-06-01 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2013349Geography: CanadaDescription:
Canadian immigrants come from a range of source countries which vary considerably in gender roles. Examining gender roles is therefore valuable in determining whether cultural norms continue to influence labour activities after immigrants have been exposed to the new environment of their host country. This study focuses on the "portability" of gender roles for immigrant women; that is, it examines whether source-country gender roles continue to influence immigrant families' labour and housework activities after arrival in Canada.
Release date: 2013-03-28 - 4. Earnings of women with and without children ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200910313227Geography: CanadaDescription:
A sizeable earnings gap exists between Canadian women with children and those without. Women with children earned, on average, 12% less than women without children, and the gap increased with the number of children. Lone mothers, mothers with long career interruptions, and mothers with at least some postsecondary education experienced greater losses than married mothers, mothers with no or short career interruptions, and mothers with no more than a high school education.
Release date: 2009-06-19 - 5. Fathers' use of paid parental leave ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200810613211Geography: CanadaDescription:
In 2001, shareable parental leave benefits under the federal Parental Benefits Program increased from 10 to 35 weeks, and in 2006 Quebec introduced its Parental Insurance Program. These changes led to a significant increase in the number of fathers claiming paid parental leave benefits. Between 2000 and 2006, the proportion of fathers claiming parental benefits jumped from 3% to 20%. The most common reasons for fathers not claiming the benefits were family choice, difficulty taking time off work and financial issues.
Release date: 2008-09-24 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2008314Geography: CanadaDescription:
Using the 1983-to-2004 Longitudinal Worker File, this study examines the post-childbirth employment, job mobility and earnings trajectories of Canadian mothers. We found that both the long- and the short-term post-childbirth employment rates of early 2000s cohorts of Canadian mothers were higher than their mid-1980s counterparts, and, relative to childless women, Canadian mothers became less likely to quit over time.
Our data also allow us to examine the earnings impact of childbirth for a group of Canadian mothers who had strong labour market attachment. For them, earnings dropped by 40% and 30% in the year of childbirth and the year after, respectively. Under both the fixed-effects and the fixed-trend models, the earnings impact of childbirth declined over the other post-childbirth years. Results from the fixed-trend model further suggest that, from the second to the seventh post-childbirth years, the negative effects varied between 8% and 3% and became negligible thereafter.
Release date: 2008-08-27 - 7. Hours polarization revisited ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200810313205Geography: CanadaDescription:
Hours of work can vary dramatically from job to job. And some research has indicated that the greater inequality of earnings into the mid-1990s was accompanied by increasing polarization of working hours. More recently, attention has focused on a decline in average working hours. This article quantifies changes in average work hours since the 1970s and examines how changes in the distribution of work hours contribute to the overall trend.
Release date: 2008-06-18 - 8. Kids' Sports ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X200800110573Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article will examine trends in organized sports participation of children aged 5 to 14, and the important role that the family plays. It will also look at the factors that influence children's participation in sports including parental involvement in sports, socio-demographic characteristics of the family, and geography.
Release date: 2008-06-03 - 9. Returning to the job after childbirth ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200711210467Geography: CanadaDescription:
A key family event, the birth of a child also has broader economic implications. If a mother stays home for an extended period after childbirth, her propensity to work in the future may be reduced since a long career interruption can affect job skills and chances of finding a new job. Although the tradition that women withdraw completely from the labour market upon giving birth has long gone, some mothers may still quit their jobs due to work schedule inflexibility, commuting difficulties, or lack of child care services. Although earnings drops were greater for the early 2000s cohorts of mothers than for the mid-1980s cohorts, the earnings recovery process was shorter.
Release date: 2008-03-18 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2008305Geography: CanadaDescription:
Despite comparatively modest welfare reforms in Canada relative to those of the United States, employment rates and earnings among single mothers have risen by virtually identical magnitudes in the two countries since 1980. We show that most of the gains in Canada and a substantial share of the change in the United States were the result of the dynamics of cohort replacement and population aging as the large and better educated baby boom generation replaced earlier cohorts and began entering their forties. In both countries, demographic effects were the main factor accounting for higher employment and earnings among older (40 and over) single mothers. Changes among younger single mothers, in contrast, were mainly the result of changes in labour market behaviour and other unmeasured variables. Overall, demographic changes dominated in Canada but not in the United States for two reasons: (a) Canadian single mothers are significantly older than their U.S. counterparts; and, (b) consistent with the welfare reform thesis, the magnitude of behavioural change among younger single mothers was much larger in the United States.
Release date: 2008-03-07
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Analysis (26)
Analysis (26) (0 to 10 of 26 results)
- Articles and reports: 14-28-0001202000100012Description:
In the publication Quality of Employment in Canada, the Employment rate of mothers and fathers indicator is the percentage of mothers and fathers who are in employment.
Release date: 2022-05-30 - 2. Changes in parents' participation in domestic tasks and care for children from 1986 to 2015 ArchivedArticles and reports: 89-652-X2017001Description:
This article compares Canadians fathers' and mothers' participation in domestic tasks and care to children for the past 30 years. The results are based on data from the 2015 and 1986 General Social Survey on Time Use.
Release date: 2017-06-01 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2013349Geography: CanadaDescription:
Canadian immigrants come from a range of source countries which vary considerably in gender roles. Examining gender roles is therefore valuable in determining whether cultural norms continue to influence labour activities after immigrants have been exposed to the new environment of their host country. This study focuses on the "portability" of gender roles for immigrant women; that is, it examines whether source-country gender roles continue to influence immigrant families' labour and housework activities after arrival in Canada.
Release date: 2013-03-28 - 4. Earnings of women with and without children ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200910313227Geography: CanadaDescription:
A sizeable earnings gap exists between Canadian women with children and those without. Women with children earned, on average, 12% less than women without children, and the gap increased with the number of children. Lone mothers, mothers with long career interruptions, and mothers with at least some postsecondary education experienced greater losses than married mothers, mothers with no or short career interruptions, and mothers with no more than a high school education.
Release date: 2009-06-19 - 5. Fathers' use of paid parental leave ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200810613211Geography: CanadaDescription:
In 2001, shareable parental leave benefits under the federal Parental Benefits Program increased from 10 to 35 weeks, and in 2006 Quebec introduced its Parental Insurance Program. These changes led to a significant increase in the number of fathers claiming paid parental leave benefits. Between 2000 and 2006, the proportion of fathers claiming parental benefits jumped from 3% to 20%. The most common reasons for fathers not claiming the benefits were family choice, difficulty taking time off work and financial issues.
Release date: 2008-09-24 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2008314Geography: CanadaDescription:
Using the 1983-to-2004 Longitudinal Worker File, this study examines the post-childbirth employment, job mobility and earnings trajectories of Canadian mothers. We found that both the long- and the short-term post-childbirth employment rates of early 2000s cohorts of Canadian mothers were higher than their mid-1980s counterparts, and, relative to childless women, Canadian mothers became less likely to quit over time.
Our data also allow us to examine the earnings impact of childbirth for a group of Canadian mothers who had strong labour market attachment. For them, earnings dropped by 40% and 30% in the year of childbirth and the year after, respectively. Under both the fixed-effects and the fixed-trend models, the earnings impact of childbirth declined over the other post-childbirth years. Results from the fixed-trend model further suggest that, from the second to the seventh post-childbirth years, the negative effects varied between 8% and 3% and became negligible thereafter.
Release date: 2008-08-27 - 7. Hours polarization revisited ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200810313205Geography: CanadaDescription:
Hours of work can vary dramatically from job to job. And some research has indicated that the greater inequality of earnings into the mid-1990s was accompanied by increasing polarization of working hours. More recently, attention has focused on a decline in average working hours. This article quantifies changes in average work hours since the 1970s and examines how changes in the distribution of work hours contribute to the overall trend.
Release date: 2008-06-18 - 8. Kids' Sports ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X200800110573Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article will examine trends in organized sports participation of children aged 5 to 14, and the important role that the family plays. It will also look at the factors that influence children's participation in sports including parental involvement in sports, socio-demographic characteristics of the family, and geography.
Release date: 2008-06-03 - 9. Returning to the job after childbirth ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200711210467Geography: CanadaDescription:
A key family event, the birth of a child also has broader economic implications. If a mother stays home for an extended period after childbirth, her propensity to work in the future may be reduced since a long career interruption can affect job skills and chances of finding a new job. Although the tradition that women withdraw completely from the labour market upon giving birth has long gone, some mothers may still quit their jobs due to work schedule inflexibility, commuting difficulties, or lack of child care services. Although earnings drops were greater for the early 2000s cohorts of mothers than for the mid-1980s cohorts, the earnings recovery process was shorter.
Release date: 2008-03-18 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2008305Geography: CanadaDescription:
Despite comparatively modest welfare reforms in Canada relative to those of the United States, employment rates and earnings among single mothers have risen by virtually identical magnitudes in the two countries since 1980. We show that most of the gains in Canada and a substantial share of the change in the United States were the result of the dynamics of cohort replacement and population aging as the large and better educated baby boom generation replaced earlier cohorts and began entering their forties. In both countries, demographic effects were the main factor accounting for higher employment and earnings among older (40 and over) single mothers. Changes among younger single mothers, in contrast, were mainly the result of changes in labour market behaviour and other unmeasured variables. Overall, demographic changes dominated in Canada but not in the United States for two reasons: (a) Canadian single mothers are significantly older than their U.S. counterparts; and, (b) consistent with the welfare reform thesis, the magnitude of behavioural change among younger single mothers was much larger in the United States.
Release date: 2008-03-07
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