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- 1. Measuring health in population surveys ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110370Description:
Many countries conduct surveys that focus specifically on their population's health. Because health plays a key role in most aspects of life, health data are also often collected in population surveys on other topics. The subject matter of population health surveys broadly encompasses physical and mental heath, dental health, disabilities, substance abuse, health risk factors, nutrition, health promotion, health care utilization and quality, health coverage, and costs. Some surveys focus on specific health conditions, whereas others aim to obtain an overall health assessment. Health is often an important component in longitudinal studies, particularly in birth and aging cohorts. Information about health can be collected by respondents' reports (for themselves and sometimes for others), by medical examinations, and by collecting biological measures. There is a serious concern about the accuracy of health information collected by respondents' reports. Logistical issues, cost considerations, and respondent cooperation feature prominently when the information is collected by medical examinations. Ethical and privacy issues are often important, particularly when DNA and biomarkers are involved. International comparability of health measures is of growing importance. This paper reviews the methodology for a range of health surveys and will discuss the challenges in obtaining accurate data in this field.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - 2. Methodological issues in measuring the mental health of children and young people in Great Britain ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110435Description:
In 1999, the first nationally representative survey of the mental health of children and young people aged 5-15 was carried out in Great Britain. A second survey was carried out in 2004. The aim of these surveys was threefold: to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders among young people, to look at their use of health, social and educational services, and to investigate risk factors associated with mental disorders. The achieved number of interviews was 10,500 and 8,000 respectively. Some key questions had to be addressed on a large number of methodological issues and the factors taken into account to reach decisions on all these issues are discussed.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - 3. Validation of qualitative methodology applied to a multidimensional instrument with an open question ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110443Description:
The Brazilian population has experienced an ageing process, thus characterizing an increase in the number of elderly people. Instruments have been developed in order to measure the quality of life of elderly individuals. Hence, a questionnaire consisting of various validated instruments and an open question was applied to a group of elderly citizens in the city of Botucatu, SP, Brazil. The analysis of the open question, assessed by qualitative methods, generated eleven categories concerning the elderly people's opinions as regards quality of life and a cluster analysis of such answers was carried out, producing three groups of elderly individuals. Therefore, this work aimed at validating the categories obtained by the open question with the closed questions of the instrument by means of associations and application of chi-square tests at a level of significance of 5%. It was observed that qualitative analysis identifies phenomena regardless of category saturation. The quantitative method, on the other hand, shows the power of each category in a set, that is, as a whole.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - 4. Geovisualization of health and social capital data derived from Statistics Canada surveys ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110447Description:
The classification and identification of locations where persons report to be more or less healthy or have more or less social capital, within a specific area such as a health region, is tremendously helpful for understanding place and health associations. The objective of the proposed study is to classify and map areas within the Zone 6 Health Region (Figure 1) of Nova Scotia (Halifax Regional Municipality and Annapolis Valley regions) according to health status (Dimension 1) and social capital (Dimension 2). We abstracted responses to questions about self-reported health status, mental health, and social capital from the master files of the Canadian Community Health Survey (Cycles 1.1, 1.2 and 2.1), National Population Health Survey (Cycle 5), and the General Social Survey (Cycles 13, 14, 17, and 18). Responses were geocoded using the Statistics Canada Postal Code Conversion File (PCCF+) and imported into a geographical information system (GIS) so that the postal code associated with the response will be assigned to a latitude and longitude within the Nova Scotia Zone 6 health region. Kernel density estimators and additional spatial interpolators were used to develop statistically-smoothed surfaces of the distribution of respondent values for each question. The smoothing process eliminates the possibility of revealing individual respondent location and confidential Statistics Canada sampling frame information. Using responses from similar questions across multiple surveys improves the likelihood of detecting heterogeneity among the responses within the health region area, as well as the accuracy of the smoothed map classification.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X200600110452Geography: Canada, Province or territoryDescription:
Accurate information about the timing of access to primary mental health care is critically important in order to identify potentially modifiable factors which could facilitate timely and on-going management of care. No "gold standard" measure of mental health care utilization exists, so it useful to know how strengths, gaps, and limitations in different data sources influence study results. This study compares two population-wide measures of primary mental health care utilization data: the Canadian Community Health Survey of Mental Health and Well-being (CCHS, cycle 1.2) and provincial health insurance records in the province of British Columbia. It explores four questions: (1) Is 12-month prevalence of contacts with general practitioners for mental heath issues the same regardless of whether survey data or administrative data are used? (2) What is the level of agreement between the survey data and administrative data for having had any contact with a general practitioner for mental heath issues during the 12 month period before the survey interview? (3) Is the level of agreement constant throughout the 12-month period or does it decline over more distant sub-timeframes within the 12-month period? (4) What kinds of respondent characteristics, including mental disorders, are associated with agreement or lack of agreement? The results of this study will provide useful information about how to use and interpret each measure of health care utilization. In addition, it will contribute to survey design research, and to research which aims to improve the methods for using administrative data for mental health services research.
Release date: 2008-03-17
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- 1. Measuring health in population surveys ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110370Description:
Many countries conduct surveys that focus specifically on their population's health. Because health plays a key role in most aspects of life, health data are also often collected in population surveys on other topics. The subject matter of population health surveys broadly encompasses physical and mental heath, dental health, disabilities, substance abuse, health risk factors, nutrition, health promotion, health care utilization and quality, health coverage, and costs. Some surveys focus on specific health conditions, whereas others aim to obtain an overall health assessment. Health is often an important component in longitudinal studies, particularly in birth and aging cohorts. Information about health can be collected by respondents' reports (for themselves and sometimes for others), by medical examinations, and by collecting biological measures. There is a serious concern about the accuracy of health information collected by respondents' reports. Logistical issues, cost considerations, and respondent cooperation feature prominently when the information is collected by medical examinations. Ethical and privacy issues are often important, particularly when DNA and biomarkers are involved. International comparability of health measures is of growing importance. This paper reviews the methodology for a range of health surveys and will discuss the challenges in obtaining accurate data in this field.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - 2. Methodological issues in measuring the mental health of children and young people in Great Britain ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110435Description:
In 1999, the first nationally representative survey of the mental health of children and young people aged 5-15 was carried out in Great Britain. A second survey was carried out in 2004. The aim of these surveys was threefold: to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders among young people, to look at their use of health, social and educational services, and to investigate risk factors associated with mental disorders. The achieved number of interviews was 10,500 and 8,000 respectively. Some key questions had to be addressed on a large number of methodological issues and the factors taken into account to reach decisions on all these issues are discussed.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - 3. Validation of qualitative methodology applied to a multidimensional instrument with an open question ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110443Description:
The Brazilian population has experienced an ageing process, thus characterizing an increase in the number of elderly people. Instruments have been developed in order to measure the quality of life of elderly individuals. Hence, a questionnaire consisting of various validated instruments and an open question was applied to a group of elderly citizens in the city of Botucatu, SP, Brazil. The analysis of the open question, assessed by qualitative methods, generated eleven categories concerning the elderly people's opinions as regards quality of life and a cluster analysis of such answers was carried out, producing three groups of elderly individuals. Therefore, this work aimed at validating the categories obtained by the open question with the closed questions of the instrument by means of associations and application of chi-square tests at a level of significance of 5%. It was observed that qualitative analysis identifies phenomena regardless of category saturation. The quantitative method, on the other hand, shows the power of each category in a set, that is, as a whole.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - 4. Geovisualization of health and social capital data derived from Statistics Canada surveys ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110447Description:
The classification and identification of locations where persons report to be more or less healthy or have more or less social capital, within a specific area such as a health region, is tremendously helpful for understanding place and health associations. The objective of the proposed study is to classify and map areas within the Zone 6 Health Region (Figure 1) of Nova Scotia (Halifax Regional Municipality and Annapolis Valley regions) according to health status (Dimension 1) and social capital (Dimension 2). We abstracted responses to questions about self-reported health status, mental health, and social capital from the master files of the Canadian Community Health Survey (Cycles 1.1, 1.2 and 2.1), National Population Health Survey (Cycle 5), and the General Social Survey (Cycles 13, 14, 17, and 18). Responses were geocoded using the Statistics Canada Postal Code Conversion File (PCCF+) and imported into a geographical information system (GIS) so that the postal code associated with the response will be assigned to a latitude and longitude within the Nova Scotia Zone 6 health region. Kernel density estimators and additional spatial interpolators were used to develop statistically-smoothed surfaces of the distribution of respondent values for each question. The smoothing process eliminates the possibility of revealing individual respondent location and confidential Statistics Canada sampling frame information. Using responses from similar questions across multiple surveys improves the likelihood of detecting heterogeneity among the responses within the health region area, as well as the accuracy of the smoothed map classification.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X200600110452Geography: Canada, Province or territoryDescription:
Accurate information about the timing of access to primary mental health care is critically important in order to identify potentially modifiable factors which could facilitate timely and on-going management of care. No "gold standard" measure of mental health care utilization exists, so it useful to know how strengths, gaps, and limitations in different data sources influence study results. This study compares two population-wide measures of primary mental health care utilization data: the Canadian Community Health Survey of Mental Health and Well-being (CCHS, cycle 1.2) and provincial health insurance records in the province of British Columbia. It explores four questions: (1) Is 12-month prevalence of contacts with general practitioners for mental heath issues the same regardless of whether survey data or administrative data are used? (2) What is the level of agreement between the survey data and administrative data for having had any contact with a general practitioner for mental heath issues during the 12 month period before the survey interview? (3) Is the level of agreement constant throughout the 12-month period or does it decline over more distant sub-timeframes within the 12-month period? (4) What kinds of respondent characteristics, including mental disorders, are associated with agreement or lack of agreement? The results of this study will provide useful information about how to use and interpret each measure of health care utilization. In addition, it will contribute to survey design research, and to research which aims to improve the methods for using administrative data for mental health services research.
Release date: 2008-03-17
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