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  • 1. Low-income concepts and statistics, 2021 Census of Population
    Stats in brief: 98-20-00032021012
    Description: This video builds on concepts introduced in the other videos on income. It explains key low-income concepts - Market Basket Measure (MBM), Low income measure (LIM) and Low-income cut-offs (LICO) and the indicators associated with these concepts such as the low-income gap and the low-income ratio. These concepts are used in analysis of the economic well-being of the population.
    Release date: 2023-03-29
  • 2. Market Basket Measure Technical Paper: The other necessities component
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2022006
    Description:

    This technical paper describes how the cost for "other necessities" is estimated in the 2018-base MBM. It provides a brief overview of the theory and application of techniques for estimating costs of "other necessities" in poverty lines and deconstructs the 2018-base MBM other necessities component to provide insights on how it is constructed. The aim of this paper is to provide a more detailed understanding of how the other necessities component of the MBM is estimated.

    Release date: 2022-12-08
  • 3. Low income entry and exit rates of tax filers in Canada
    Table: 11-10-0024-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Frequency: Annual
    Description:

    This table provides statistics on year-over-year low-income transitions, including low income entry and exit rates, low income resistance, and low income immobility rates among Canadian taxfilers. The low income measure (LIM) is used to identify low income taxfilers. The LIM threshold is calculated as half of the median of the adjusted family after-tax income of all taxfilers and their family members. This table uses two different types of LIM: the variable LIM is based on the median total income re-calculated year, while the fixed LIM is based on the median total income in 2002 adjusted yearly by the all-items Consumer Price Index.

    Release date: 2022-11-16
  • 4. Low income persistence of tax filers in Canada
    Table: 11-10-0025-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Frequency: Annual
    Description:

    This table provides information on the number of years in low income over an eight-year period among Canadian taxfilers. The years in low-income may or may not be adjacent to each other. The low income measure (LIM) is used to identify low income taxfilers. The LIM threshold is calculated as half of the median of the adjusted family after-tax income of all taxfilers and their family members. This table uses two different types of LIM: the variable LIM is based on the median total income re-calculated each year, while the fixed LIM is based on the median total income in 2002 adjusted yearly by the all-items Consumer Price Index.

    Release date: 2022-11-16
  • 5. Low income duration of tax filers in Canada
    Table: 11-10-0026-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Frequency: Annual
    Description:

    This table contains statistics that describe the duration of low income spells experienced by Canadian taxfilers in an eight-year period. A low income spell refers to a period in which a person stays in low income. It can last one year or several years consecutively. The length of the spell is referred to as its duration and is measured in years. The low income measure (LIM) is used to identify low income taxfilers. The LIM threshold is calculated as half of the median of the adjusted family after-tax income of all taxfilers and their family members. This table uses two different types of LIM: the variable LIM is based on the median total income re-calculated each year, while the fixed LIM is based on the median total income in 2002 adjusted yearly by the all-items Consumer Price Index.

    Release date: 2022-11-16
  • 6. Market Basket Measure Research Paper: Poverty Index
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2022005
    Description:

    This discussion paper describes considerations for the creation of an index based on the poverty rates produced using multiple Market Basket Measure (MBM) bases resulting from periodic reviews of the MBM. It also provides an opportunity for the public and stakeholders to provide feedback and comments on the proposed poverty index.

    Release date: 2022-11-01
  • 7. Low-income statistics for the population living on reserve and in the North using the 2016 Census
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2021005
    Description:

    This paper presents low-income statistics from the 2016 Census for the population residing in Indigenous communities (on reserve), in the North and in Inuit Nunangat. The selected measure for the paper is the low-income measure, after-tax computed from the household incomes, adjusted for household size, of the whole population of Canada, including those residing on reserve and in the territories. Results are presented for Canada overall as well as for the population residing on reserve, in the territories and in Inuit Nunangat, which includes Inuvialuit Region of the Northwest Territories, Nunavik in Quebec and Nunatsiavut in Labrador. Methodological considerations in the application of the Low-income measure to these geographies are also discussed.

    Release date: 2021-09-21
  • 8. Low-income persistence in Canada and the provinces
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2021004
    Description:

    Previous Canadian studies on poverty and low-income persistence mostly focused on individual characteristics at the national level and rarely examined the geographical aspect of poverty persistence. This report takes advantage of the large sample size of the Longitudinal Administrative Databank and examines the evolution of low-income persistence in Canada and the provinces using the after-tax Low Income Measure.

    Release date: 2021-06-11
  • 9. Methodological changes to the Market Basket Measure in 2019
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2019005
    Description:

    This note describes methodological changes made to the Market Basket Measure (MBM) in Calendar year 2019. These revisions mainly affect MBM estimates for 2008 and 2009, but they also affect the overall interpretation of the trends in the MBM over the 2000s.

    Release date: 2019-02-26
  • 10. Methodology Changes: Census Family Low Income Measure Based on the T1 Family File Archived
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2018001
    Description:

    This study looks at changes introduced in 2018 to the methodology used for the census family low income measure, based on the T1 Family File (T1FF; tax filer data). By making these changes, the methodology becomes better aligned with other data sources at Statistics Canada, such as the Census of Population and the Canadian Income Survey. To account for changes in the methodology, new T1FF standard tables on the census family low income measure (after-tax income), going back to 2004 data, are introduced.

    Release date: 2018-04-05
Data (10)

Data (10) ((10 results))

Analysis (38)

Analysis (38) (0 to 10 of 38 results)

  • 1. Low-income concepts and statistics, 2021 Census of Population
    Stats in brief: 98-20-00032021012
    Description: This video builds on concepts introduced in the other videos on income. It explains key low-income concepts - Market Basket Measure (MBM), Low income measure (LIM) and Low-income cut-offs (LICO) and the indicators associated with these concepts such as the low-income gap and the low-income ratio. These concepts are used in analysis of the economic well-being of the population.
    Release date: 2023-03-29
  • 2. Market Basket Measure Technical Paper: The other necessities component
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2022006
    Description:

    This technical paper describes how the cost for "other necessities" is estimated in the 2018-base MBM. It provides a brief overview of the theory and application of techniques for estimating costs of "other necessities" in poverty lines and deconstructs the 2018-base MBM other necessities component to provide insights on how it is constructed. The aim of this paper is to provide a more detailed understanding of how the other necessities component of the MBM is estimated.

    Release date: 2022-12-08
  • 3. Market Basket Measure Research Paper: Poverty Index
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2022005
    Description:

    This discussion paper describes considerations for the creation of an index based on the poverty rates produced using multiple Market Basket Measure (MBM) bases resulting from periodic reviews of the MBM. It also provides an opportunity for the public and stakeholders to provide feedback and comments on the proposed poverty index.

    Release date: 2022-11-01
  • 4. Low-income statistics for the population living on reserve and in the North using the 2016 Census
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2021005
    Description:

    This paper presents low-income statistics from the 2016 Census for the population residing in Indigenous communities (on reserve), in the North and in Inuit Nunangat. The selected measure for the paper is the low-income measure, after-tax computed from the household incomes, adjusted for household size, of the whole population of Canada, including those residing on reserve and in the territories. Results are presented for Canada overall as well as for the population residing on reserve, in the territories and in Inuit Nunangat, which includes Inuvialuit Region of the Northwest Territories, Nunavik in Quebec and Nunatsiavut in Labrador. Methodological considerations in the application of the Low-income measure to these geographies are also discussed.

    Release date: 2021-09-21
  • 5. Low-income persistence in Canada and the provinces
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2021004
    Description:

    Previous Canadian studies on poverty and low-income persistence mostly focused on individual characteristics at the national level and rarely examined the geographical aspect of poverty persistence. This report takes advantage of the large sample size of the Longitudinal Administrative Databank and examines the evolution of low-income persistence in Canada and the provinces using the after-tax Low Income Measure.

    Release date: 2021-06-11
  • 6. Methodological changes to the Market Basket Measure in 2019
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2019005
    Description:

    This note describes methodological changes made to the Market Basket Measure (MBM) in Calendar year 2019. These revisions mainly affect MBM estimates for 2008 and 2009, but they also affect the overall interpretation of the trends in the MBM over the 2000s.

    Release date: 2019-02-26
  • 7. Methodology Changes: Census Family Low Income Measure Based on the T1 Family File Archived
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2018001
    Description:

    This study looks at changes introduced in 2018 to the methodology used for the census family low income measure, based on the T1 Family File (T1FF; tax filer data). By making these changes, the methodology becomes better aligned with other data sources at Statistics Canada, such as the Census of Population and the Canadian Income Survey. To account for changes in the methodology, new T1FF standard tables on the census family low income measure (after-tax income), going back to 2004 data, are introduced.

    Release date: 2018-04-05
  • 8. Low Income Measure: Comparison of Two Data Sources, T1 Family File and 2016 Census of Population Archived
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2018002
    Description:

    This study looks at the differences in after-tax low income measure (LIM) statistics from two data sources which both use administrative tax data as their principal inputs: the 2016 Census of Population and the T1 Family file (T1FF). It presents a summary of the two data sources and compares after-tax LIM statistics by focussing on unit of analysis, LIM thresholds and the percentage of population below the LIM. The study also explores what factors users may want to consider when choosing one data source over the other.

    Release date: 2018-04-05
  • 9. The income of Canadians Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2018006
    Description:

    The infographic looks at income in Canada, including the percentage of persons in low income, government transfers and the median after-tax income by family type for reference period 2016. 

    Release date: 2018-03-13
  • 10. Low Income Lines: What they are and how they are created Archived
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2016002
    Description:

    Statistics Canada currently measures low-income using three low income lines: the Low Income Cut-offs (LICOs), the Low Income Measures (LIMs), and the Market Basket Measure (MBM). This publication provides a description of the methods used to arrive at each of these thresholds. It also explains how low-income status and various low-income statistics are determined. Tables presenting thresholds and low-income statistics are available on CANSIM.

    Release date: 2016-07-08
Reference (1)

Reference (1) ((1 result))

  • 1. Tools for inference on dynamics of low income status Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X19980015025
    Description:

    The log-linear modelling of categorical longitudinal survey data on income is studied. An emphasis is on inference about change. Special attention is paid to modelling of longitudinal data from two waves. A small illustration is based on data from the Canadian Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics.

    Release date: 1999-10-22
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