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All (104)
All (104) (90 to 100 of 104 results)
- Articles and reports: 81-003-X20000035715Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study explores why female university students, who outnumber male students, remain underrepresented in several professions, including engineering.
Release date: 2001-06-08 - Articles and reports: 21-601-M2001045Description:
This paper provides an overview of the economic well-being of rural Canadians using a variety of income indicators.
Release date: 2001-04-04 - Articles and reports: 81-003-X20000025524Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study examines the extent to which postsecondary graduates use their acquired skills, and the correspondence of their educational qualifications to the job requirements.
Release date: 2001-03-01 - 94. Neighbourhood Inequality in Canadian Cities ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2000160Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this paper, we use census tract data to analyse changes in neighbourhood income inequality and residential economic segregation in the eight largest Canadian cities during the 1980-95 period. Is the income gap between richer and poorer neighbourhoods rising? Are high and low-income families increasingly clustered in economically homogeneous neighbourhoods? The main results are an elaboration of the spatial implications of the well documented changes that have occurred in family income and earnings inequality since 1980. We find that between neighbourhood family income (post-transfer/pre-tax) inequality rose in all cities driven by a substantial rise in neighbourhood (employment) earnings inequality. Real average earnings fell, sometimes dramatically, in low-income neighbourhoods in virtually all cities while rising moderately in higher income neighbourhoods. Strikingly, social transfers, which were the main factor stabilizing national level income inequality in the face of rising earnings inequality, had only a modest impact on changes in neighbourhood inequality. Changes in the neighbourhood distribution of earnings signal significant change in the social and economic character of many neighbourhoods. Employment was increasingly concentrated in higher income communities and unemployment in lower income neighbourhoods. Finally, we ask whether neighbourhood inequality rose primarily as a result of rising family income inequality in the city as a whole or because families were increasingly sorting themselves into "like" neighbourhoods so that neighbourhoods were becoming more economically homogeneous (economic "segregation"). We find that economic spatial segregation increased in all cities and was the major factor behind rising neighbourhood inequality in four of the eight cities. A general rise in urban family income inequality was the main factor in the remaining four cities.
Release date: 2000-12-13 - 95. To What Extent Are Canadians Exposed to Low Income? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2000146Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this paper, we investigate the extent to which Canadians were exposed to low income during the 1993-1996 period. Our main findings are the following. First, while 1 in 10 Canadians live in families with low income in a given year, as many as 1 in 5 are exposed to at least one year of low income during a 4-year interval. Second, 1 in 20 Canadians are exposed to low income for 4 consecutive years. Third, 40% to 60% of individuals who fall into low income in a given year will no longer have low income the following year. Fourth, some spells of low income last a long time: of all spells started in 1994, 30% lasted 3 years or more. Fifth, Canadians who are the most susceptible to low income tend to be young; to have little education; to be students and to live as unattached individuals or in lone-parent families. As well, Canadians facing disabilities that entail work limitations, those who are members of visible minorities (when considering the exposure to 4 years of low income) or who have immigrated in or after 1977 tend to experience low income. Sixth, high probabilities of being exposed to low income do not necessarily imply high income gaps, that is, the average income of those in low income may be quite close to the low income cut-off. As a result, a complete understanding of the extent to which Canadians are exposed to low income requires an analysis of both the probabilities of being exposed and the income gaps while being exposed.
Release date: 2000-05-19 - 96. Distribution, Inequality and Concentration of Income Among Older Immigrants in Canada, 1990 ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M1999129Geography: CanadaDescription:
While there are many studies on differences in earnings between immigrants and the native-born or among immigrant groups, they ignore the distribution and concentration of income. These aspects are important for understanding the distribution of economic welfare and consumer behaviour among members and hence are policy relevant.
Using the 1991 Census data, the distribution and concentration of income have been examined among 15 broad birthplace groups for population aged 55 years and over. About 19% of males and 15% of females receive less than half the median income and obtain 5% and 3% of the aggregate income respectively. About 30% of males and 29% of females receive more than one and half times the median income and obtain 61% and59% of aggregate income respectively. About 51% of males and 56% of females who receive incomes between half and one and half times the median income are termed middle-class and their shares of aggregate income amount to 34 and 38% respectively.
Although, older immigrants aged 55 years and over, as a group, have roughly the same quartile distribution and concentration of income as their Canadian-born counterparts, the birthplace groups differ from each other. The groups coming from the developing regions, that is, the very groups that have lower average annual incomes, also have more inequitable distribution of income than the Canadian-born or their counterparts from the developed regions. Thus, the income distribution is more polarized in the populations from developing regions than in the populations from developed regions or in the Canadian-born population. On average, females receive 45% less income than males, and there is less polarization of income among them than among males regardless of the place of birth. A part of the explanation lies in the receipt of government transfers which tend to equalize rather than polarize incomes, and older women derive higher proportion of their income from government transfers than older men.
Release date: 1999-04-21 - 97. Why Do Children Move into and out of Low Income: Changing Labour Market Conditions or Marriage and Divorce ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M1999132Geography: CanadaDescription:
Child poverty is high on the government's agenda. In order to reduce the rate of low-income among children, one has to either reduce the number of children flowing into low-income, or increase the number flowing out. But what is behind such movement? Most analysts would immediately think of job loss among the parents, but obviously divorce and remarriage can also play a role. In order to favourably alter the flows, one has to have some understanding of what is driving them. This paper asks to what extent this movement of children is determined by (1) changes in family status of the parents of children, or (2) changes in the parent's labour market conditions (i.e. job loss and gain, changes in hours of work or wages). We find that for an individual child, a divorce or marriage can have a tremendous influence on the likelihood of entering or exiting low-income. At the level of the individual, changes in family composition (when they occur) are more important than changes in jobs held by parents. However, changes in family status are relatively infrequent compared to labour market changes. Parents are much more likely to lose or find jobs, and experience changes in hours worked or wages, than they are to marry or divorce. When this is accounted for we find that, in the aggregate, flows of children into and out of low income are associated roughly equally with family compositional changes and changes in wages and hours worked.
Release date: 1999-04-21 - 98. To What Extent Are Canadians Exposed to Low Income? ArchivedArticles and reports: 75F0002M1999001Description:
This paper investigates the extent to which Canadians were exposed to low income during the 1993 to 1996 period.
Release date: 1999-03-25 - 99. Private security and public policing ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19990014411Geography: CanadaDescription:
Both police officers and private security personnel play a key role in society; however, the line between the two professions is becoming less clearly defined as the use of private security increases. This article discusses the differences between public and private security. It includes information on roles and responsibilities, as well as minimum requirements and training. (Adapted from an article in Juristat published in November 1998.)
Release date: 1999-03-03 - 100. Increases in Employment Earnings from 1993 to 1994 ArchivedArticles and reports: 75F0002M1998009Description:
This study looks at men and women who experienced an increase in their employment earnings following the last recession and aims to identify the factors and characteristics that created that increase.
Release date: 1998-12-30
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Data (27)
Data (27) (0 to 10 of 27 results)
- 1. 2006 Aboriginal Population Profile for La Tuque ArchivedProfile of a community or region: 89-638-X200900211362Geography: Census divisionDescription:
This report examines the demographic and socio-economique characteristics of the Aboriginal population living in the census agglomeration (CA) of La Tuque, Quebec. The census agglomeration of La Tuque includes the Atikamekw d'Opitciwab (Obedjiwan) and the Conseil des Atikamekw de Wemotaci (Coucoucache and Wemotaci). The 2006 Census and 2006 Aboriginal People Survey (APS), which provide an extensive set of data about Aboriginal people, are the data sources. Aditional charts and tables for La Tuque which exclude the two reserves are included in the appendix
Release date: 2010-11-30 - Profile of a community or region: 89-638-XGeography: CanadaDescription:
This product is a series of profiles for a number of census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and communities across Canada with a large Aboriginal population, either in numbers or share of the area's total population. The series aims to present a demographic and socio-economic profile of the total Aboriginal population living in these areas. Demographic Data as well as information on living arrangements of children, education, labour, income, mobility, housing, and health are highlighted. While most of the focus is on adults, there is also limited information provided on children. Data showing comparisons between Aboriginal groups are provided for selected variables, as are comparisons with the non-Aboriginal population. Findings are based on the 2006 Census and the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey.
Release date: 2010-11-30 - 3. 2006 Aboriginal Population Profile for Kamloops ArchivedProfile of a community or region: 89-638-X201000411083Geography: Census agglomerationDescription:
This product is a series of profiles for a number of census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and communities across Canada with a large Aboriginal population, either in numbers or share of the area's total population. The series aims to present a demographic and socio-economic profile of the total Aboriginal population living in these areas. Demographic Data as well as information on living arrangements of children, education, labour, income, mobility, housing, and health are highlighted. While most of the focus is on adults, there is also limited information provided on children. Data showing comparisons between Aboriginal groups are provided for selected variables, as are comparisons with the non-Aboriginal population. Findings are based on the 2006 Census and the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey.
Release date: 2010-03-24 - Profile of a community or region: 89-638-X201000411084Geography: Census agglomerationDescription:
This product is a series of profiles for a number of census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and communities across Canada with a large Aboriginal population, either in numbers or share of the area's total population. The series aims to present a demographic and socio-economic profile of the total Aboriginal population living in these areas. Demographic Data as well as information on living arrangements of children, education, labour, income, mobility, housing, and health are highlighted. While most of the focus is on adults, there is also limited information provided on children. Data showing comparisons between Aboriginal groups are provided for selected variables, as are comparisons with the non-Aboriginal population. Findings are based on the 2006 Census and the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey.
Release date: 2010-03-24 - 5. 2006 Aboriginal Population Profile for Vancouver ArchivedProfile of a community or region: 89-638-X201000411085Geography: Census metropolitan areaDescription:
This product is a series of profiles for a number of census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and communities across Canada with a large Aboriginal population, either in numbers or share of the area's total population. The series aims to present a demographic and socio-economic profile of the total Aboriginal population living in these areas. Demographic Data as well as information on living arrangements of children, education, labour, income, mobility, housing, and health are highlighted. While most of the focus is on adults, there is also limited information provided on children. Data showing comparisons between Aboriginal groups are provided for selected variables, as are comparisons with the non-Aboriginal population. Findings are based on the 2006 Census and the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey.
Release date: 2010-03-24 - 6. 2006 Aboriginal Population Profile for Victoria ArchivedProfile of a community or region: 89-638-X201000411086Geography: Census metropolitan areaDescription:
This product is a series of profiles for a number of census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and communities across Canada with a large Aboriginal population, either in numbers or share of the area's total population. The series aims to present a demographic and socio-economic profile of the total Aboriginal population living in these areas. Demographic Data as well as information on living arrangements of children, education, labour, income, mobility, housing, and health are highlighted. While most of the focus is on adults, there is also limited information provided on children. Data showing comparisons between Aboriginal groups are provided for selected variables, as are comparisons with the non-Aboriginal population. Findings are based on the 2006 Census and the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey.
Release date: 2010-03-24 - 7. 2006 Aboriginal Population Profile for Calgary ArchivedProfile of a community or region: 89-638-X201000311076Geography: Census metropolitan areaDescription:
This product is a series of profiles for a number of census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and communities across Canada with a large Aboriginal population, either in numbers or share of the area's total population. The series aims to present a demographic and socio-economic profile of the total Aboriginal population living in these areas. Demographic Data as well as information on living arrangements of children, education, labour, income, mobility, housing, and health are highlighted. While most of the focus is on adults, there is also limited information provided on children. Data showing comparisons between Aboriginal groups are provided for selected variables, as are comparisons with the non-Aboriginal population. Findings are based on the 2006 Census and the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey.
Release date: 2010-02-25 - 8. 2006 Aboriginal Population Profile for Edmonton ArchivedProfile of a community or region: 89-638-X201000311077Geography: Census metropolitan areaDescription:
This product is a series of profiles for a number of census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and communities across Canada with a large Aboriginal population, either in numbers or share of the area's total population. The series aims to present a demographic and socio-economic profile of the total Aboriginal population living in these areas. Demographic Data as well as information on living arrangements of children, education, labour, income, mobility, housing, and health are highlighted. While most of the focus is on adults, there is also limited information provided on children. Data showing comparisons between Aboriginal groups are provided for selected variables, as are comparisons with the non-Aboriginal population. Findings are based on the 2006 Census and the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey.
Release date: 2010-02-25 - Profile of a community or region: 89-638-X201000311078Geography: Census agglomerationDescription:
This product is a series of profiles for a number of census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and communities across Canada with a large Aboriginal population, either in numbers or share of the area's total population. The series aims to present a demographic and socio-economic profile of the total Aboriginal population living in these areas. Demographic Data as well as information on living arrangements of children, education, labour, income, mobility, housing, and health are highlighted. While most of the focus is on adults, there is also limited information provided on children. Data showing comparisons between Aboriginal groups are provided for selected variables, as are comparisons with the non-Aboriginal population. Findings are based on the 2006 Census and the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey.
Release date: 2010-02-25 - 10. 2006 Aboriginal Population Profile for Regina ArchivedProfile of a community or region: 89-638-X201000311079Geography: Census metropolitan areaDescription:
This product is a series of profiles for a number of census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and communities across Canada with a large Aboriginal population, either in numbers or share of the area's total population. The series aims to present a demographic and socio-economic profile of the total Aboriginal population living in these areas. Demographic Data as well as information on living arrangements of children, education, labour, income, mobility, housing, and health are highlighted. While most of the focus is on adults, there is also limited information provided on children. Data showing comparisons between Aboriginal groups are provided for selected variables, as are comparisons with the non-Aboriginal population. Findings are based on the 2006 Census and the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey.
Release date: 2010-02-25
Analysis (76)
Analysis (76) (0 to 10 of 76 results)
- Articles and reports: 89-654-X2023002Description: This fact sheet uses data from the 2019 Canadian Income Survey to explore earnings pay gap among persons with and without disabilities.Release date: 2023-06-27
- Articles and reports: 11-637-X202200100010Description:
As the tenth goal outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Canada and other UN member states have committed to reduce inequalities within and among countries by 2030. This 2022 infographic provides an overview of indicators underlying the tenth Sustainable Development Goal in support of reduced inequalities, and the statistics and data sources used to monitor and report on this goal in Canada.
Release date: 2022-12-13 - Articles and reports: 14-28-0001202000100003Description:
In the publication Quality of Employment in Canada, the Pay gap indicator is based on the self-reported usual hourly wages of paid employees aged 25 to 54 at their main job.
Release date: 2022-05-30 - Stats in brief: 11-627-M2020065Description:
"Canada's Poverty Reduction Strategy" introduces the Official Poverty Line for Canada with a dashboard of 12 Indicators to track progress on poverty reduction for Canadians and their households. This infographic presents Canada's Official Poverty Rate and a snapshopt as of September 2020 for the following indicators: deep income poverty; unmet housing needs and chronic homelessness; unmet health needs; food insecurity; relative low income; bottom 40% income share; youth engagement; literacy and numeracy; median hourly wage; average poverty gap; asset resilience; and low income entry and exit rates.
Release date: 2020-09-08 - Stats in brief: 11-627-M2020066Description:
"Canada's Poverty Reduction Strategy" introduces the Official Poverty Line for Canada with a dashboard of 12 Indicators to track progress on poverty reduction for Canadians and their households. This infographic presents trend information for Canada's Official Poverty Rate and the associated 12 indicators.
Release date: 2020-09-08 - 6. Transitions into and out of employment by immigrants during the COVID-19 lockdown and recovery ArchivedStats in brief: 45-28-0001202000100070Description:
During the widespread lockdown of economic activities in March and April 2020, the Canadian labour market lost 3 million jobs. From May to July, as many businesses gradually resumed their operations, 1.7 million jobs were recovered. While studies in the United States and Europe suggest that immigrants are often more severely affected by economic downturns than the native born, little is known about whether immigrants and the Canadian born fared differently in the employment disruption induced by the COVID-19 pandemic and, if so, how such differences are related to their socio-demographic and job characteristics. This paper fills this gap by comparing immigrants and the Canadian-born population in their transitions out of employment in the months of heavy contraction and into employment during the months of partial recovery.
Release date: 2020-08-20 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020007Description:
The dispersion of earnings among workers may come from multiple sources. It may reflect differences in workers’ characteristics, such as education and experience. It may also be because workers are employed at different firms that pay differently. Recent studies from other countries have found that firms play an important role in explaining earnings disparities among workers, often through the link between productivity and pay. However, there has been no Canadian evidence on the link between the earnings dispersion and firm differences because of a lack of matched employer–employee data. This paper presents developments in the dispersion of individuals’ earnings in Canada and examines the potential of firm characteristics to account for this dispersion and changes in this dispersion in the post-2000 period using the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database.
Release date: 2020-02-20 - Articles and reports: 82-003-X202000100001Description:
This study uses the 1996 and 2011 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts (CanCHECs), with a five-year mortality follow-up, to estimate the life expectancy (LE) of the household population. It also incorporates information from two national health surveys to estimate health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE). The objectives of this study are to examine LE, HALE and disparities in LE and HALE in the 1996 and 2011 cohorts at ages 25 and 65 for men and women, according to highest level of educational attainment and household income quintile; to examine these disparities according to the combination of education and income in the 2011 cohort; and to examine how education- and income-related disparities in LE and HALE changed over time.
Release date: 2020-01-15 - 9. Working income tax benefit recipients in Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 75F0002M2019003Description:
This paper provides a brief portrait of the Canadian Working Income Tax Benefit (WITB) and WITB recipients using 2014 tax data. It first presents the main components of the WITB program. It then describes WITB recipients from demographic and income perspectives. Finally, the paper examines the impact of the WITB on low-income rates and low-income gap ratios.
Release date: 2019-04-16 - 10. The fall and rise of Canada’s top income earners ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-630-X2016009Description:
This issue of Canadian Megatrends describes the share of market income earned by the highest earners in society and how that portion has changed from 1920 to 2014.
Release date: 2016-12-16
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Reference (1)
Reference (1) ((1 result))
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2005009Description:
The release of the 2003 data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) was accompanied by a historical revision which accomplished three things. First, the survey weights were updated to take into account new population projections based on the 2001 Census of Population, instead of the 1996 Census. Second, a new procedure in the weight adjustments was introduced to take into account an external source of information on the overall distribution of income in the population, namely the T4 file of employer remittances to Canada Revenue Agency. Third, the low income estimates were revised due to new low income cut-offs (LICOs). This paper describes the second of these improvements' the new weighting procedure to reflect the distribution of income in the population with greater accuracy. Part 1 explains in non-technical terms how this new procedure came about and how it works. Part 2 provides some examples of the impacts on the results for previous years.
Release date: 2005-07-22
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