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  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301100001
    Description: The fast-growing number of international students have generated strong public interest and concerns about their impacts on Canada’s educational institutions, labour market, and affordable housing. Fully understanding such impacts requires better knowledge of their school enrollment and labour force participation. Using temporary resident permit data from the Longitudinal Immigration Database and tax data from the Longitudinal Worker File, this article sheds light on the activities and sociodemographic characteristics of postsecondary study permit holders who were not enrolled in publicly funded postsecondary education institutions.
    Release date: 2023-11-22

  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300900003
    Description: Recent years have witnessed a small decrease of domestic student enrolments and a growing number of international students in Canadian postsecondary programs. Using enrolment data from the Postsecondary Student Information System, this study examines the relationship of changes in domestic students’ postsecondary enrolments with the influx of international students during the 2010s by educational institution and field of study and provides one of the first empirical analyses of the relationship in the context of Canada.
    Release date: 2023-09-27

  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200300001
    Description:

    This Spotlight on data and research article provides a summary of findings from six articles released in Economic and Social Reports in 2021 and 2022 looking at different aspects on the subject of International students as a source of labour supply: Transition to permanent residence; Retention in province of study; The growth of international students and their changing socio-demographic characteristics; Engagement in the labour market during the period of study; Engagement in the labour market after graduation; and Pre-immigration study in Canada and post-immigration earnings.

    Release date: 2022-03-23

  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200200004
    Description:

    Although international students are increasingly considered a pool of skilled individuals to be encouraged for permanent residency and participation in the Canadian labour market, the role of Canadian study in economic outcomes after immigration is not well understood. To this end, this article examines the relationship between pre-immigration study in Canada and post-immigration earnings.

    Release date: 2022-02-23

  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202101200002
    Description:

    The number of international students has grown considerably worldwide, primarily from developing countries to Western developed countries. In recent years, Canada has led other major Western countries in the growth of international students. The opportunity for international students to work in Canada after graduation and to potentially become permanent residents, and ultimately Canadian citizens, is considered a draw factor for prospective international students. When international students decide to stay and work in Canada after graduation, one of the main avenues to do so is through the Post-Graduation Work Permit Program (PGWPP). This article examines the trends in the number and share of international students participating in the PGWPP and the share of PGWP holders with employment income and their earnings levels. The transitions of PGWP holders to permanent residency are also examined.

    Release date: 2022-01-18

  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202101100001
    Description:

    While the primary reason for international students being in Canada is for study purposes, they may also participate in the labour market. Increases over the past two decades in the number of international students, alongside programs designed to facilitate their availability to work while studying, parallel a growing role played by this population in the Canadian labour market. This article assesses the extent to which international students who intended to study at the postsecondary level were engaged in the labour market.

    Release date: 2021-11-24

  • Articles and reports: 81-595-M2021002
    Description:

    The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many segments of Canadian society, including post-secondary institutions given the uncertainty surrounding the enrolment of international students. With the current international travel restrictions in place in Canada and requests by health authorities to practice physical distancing, a large majority of universities were planning to utilize online learning as the primary teaching method for the entire 2020/21 academic year. Over the last decade, institutions have increasingly relied on international students' tuition fees as a revenue source. The aim of this paper was to assess, using projection scenarios, hypothetical financial losses for Canadian universities in the 2020/21 school year. These scenarios were based on a series of assumptions using forecasted international and domestic student registrations and recent trends in administrative and survey data.

    Release date: 2021-08-18

  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100700005
    Description:

    The number of new international students (first-time study permit holders) in Canada has increased steadily since the mid-2000s, and reached 250,020 in 2019. Alongside this trend are increased efforts in attracting international students as a potential pool of candidates for permanent immigration and the Canadian labour force. To understand the nature of this potential pool of labour, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of who is coming to Canada as an international student.

    Release date: 2021-07-28

  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100600002
    Description:

    International students are increasingly viewed as a promising pool of skilled individuals who can be tapped for participation in the Canadian labour market. This is a key motivating factor for providing international students with pathways to obtain permanent residency. This article documents the share of international students who became landed immigrants across various sociodemographic characteristics.

    Release date: 2021-06-23

  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100600003
    Description:

    The retention of international students in their province of study is increasingly being regarded as a potential source of skilled labour by regions seeking labour force growth. This article examines the retention of international students who completed their studies between 2010 and 2016 in their province of study after graduation.

    Release date: 2021-06-23
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Analysis (27)

Analysis (27) (10 to 20 of 27 results)

  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100200004
    Description:

    There is considerable global competition for international students, who are often seen as strong candidates for economic immigration to countries that are facing current and future skills and labour shortages. International students bring extensive economic and social benefits to the host country. This study compares the earnings of international students with those of domestic students during their first five years after graduation from Canadian postsecondary institutions, and investigates the role of various pre-graduation characteristics in accounting for their earnings differences. This study also examines how the trajectories of earnings gaps vary between international and domestic graduates, across levels of education and major fields of study.

    Release date: 2021-02-24

  • Stats in brief: 45-28-0001202000100032
    Description:

    To provide insights into how COVID-19 could potentially impact postsecondary institutions, this article provides estimates of the share of enrolments that were international by academic program and source country prior to COVID-19 based on the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS).

    Release date: 2020-06-15

  • Articles and reports: 11-626-X2020003
    Description:

    This Economic Insights article discusses the share of postsecondary enrolments that are international by program of study and source country. Given the ongoing uncertainties around the COVID-19 pandemic, including the new public health restrictions imposed on international travel and physical distancing guidelines affecting classroom structures, the share of enrolments in various academic programs that are international is of high relevance at the moment.

    Release date: 2020-06-15

  • Stats in brief: 11-627-M2020006
    Description:

    This infographic displays a profile of the international students enrolled at Canadian public colleges and universities in the 2017/2018 academic year using Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) data. It includes statistics such as: total enrolments, country of citizenship, province of study, level of education and field of study.

    Release date: 2020-02-19

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2019019
    Description:

    The number of temporary residents holding a postsecondary study permit in Canada has increased considerably in recent years. An increased inflow of international postsecondary students may result in more skilled labour being available to Canadian employers. However, this depends in part on how successful international students are in completing their programs and integrating into the labour market. This integration may require them to combine studies and work, as previous research has identified Canadian work experience as an important factor in determining the labour market success of immigrants (see Skuterud and Sui [2012] for a literature review). Some international students may decide to leave the country upon graduation and bring their newly obtained Canadian credentials with them to another country. The purpose of this study is to describe the postsecondary experience and early labour market outcomes of study permit holders.

    Release date: 2019-09-20

  • Stats in brief: 11-627-M2019070
    Description:

    This Infographic examines the postsecondary experience and early labour market outcomes of study permit holders (international students) and provides a comparison with Canadian citizens and permanent residents.

    Release date: 2019-09-20

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2017395
    Description:

    This study uses large national longitudinal datasets to examine cross-cohort trends and within-cohort changes in earnings among three groups of young university graduates: immigrants who are former international students in Canada (Canadian-educated immigrants), foreign-educated immigrants who had a university degree before immigrating to Canada and the Canadian-born population.

    Release date: 2017-08-22

  • Stats in brief: 81-599-X2016011
    Description:

    This fact sheet provides a portrait of international students in Canadian universities between 2004-2005 and 2013-2014, where they were studying in Canada, where they came from and in what fields they were studying.

    Release date: 2016-10-20

  • Articles and reports: 75-006-X201500114299
    Description:

    This article provides information about the number and characteristics of international students in Canada, and about their rate of transition into permanent residence. The article also examines the extent to which the transition rate varied across characteristics and cohorts, and whether these variations affected the profile of immigrants who are former international students. It does so by using a new administrative database—the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD).

    Release date: 2015-12-10

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2015370
    Description:

    Although most Canadian temporary foreign worker programs did not include provisions that allow participants to apply for permanent residency until recently, a substantial number of temporary foreign workers have become landed immigrants since the 1980s. For instance, from 2008 to 2012, about 32,000 temporary foreign workers gained permanent residency each year, accounting for 13% of the total inflow of landed immigrants. This paper examines the earnings of economic immigrants who initially arrived as temporary residents and held a work or study permit, and compares them to economic immigrants who were directly selected as permanent residents from abroad.

    Release date: 2015-10-23
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  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 81F0004G
    Description:

    The guide lists and briefly describes the main sources of data, and for each source gives: data coverage, main variables available, strengths and limitation of the data, historical continuity, frequency and means of dissemination, indication of the type of analysis that can be performed.

    Release date: 1998-03-30
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